...However, before the eruption of Mount Tambora stood 14,000 feet high, after it blew its stack, it was about 10,000 feet high. Leaving a crater more than four miles across and 2,000 feet deep. For weeks after the eruption, ashes and debris rained down on houses for many miles that made them collapse. Drinking water was contaminated, and crops were destroyed, sulphurous gas caused lung infections. Instantly tens of thousands of people were killed. Thousands more died of starvation and disease. The death toll in Sumbawa and surrounding islands was estimated around 90,000 (Cavendish, 2015). Therefore, Tambora eruption caused odd occurrences around the globe. The northeastern part of the United States in the summer of 1815 the sunlight was murky and rust red and periods of fog, and the wind and rain did not help clear the air. London encountered stunning sunsets during June and July that year. The following year 1816, delivered many more damaging effects, with critical ramifications for climate and the fertility of the land over much of the world, the temperatures dropped around the globe. In New York State and Maine snow fell in June of 1816, in Canada the Quebec area had many inches of snow, and cold weather continued through the summer months in North America and other places and multitudes of crops failed. In India and China, the monsoon season was unsettled, with damaging crops, famine, and cholera, “1816 was called the year without a summer.” These conditions continued...
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...They affect a lot of people worldwide. Floods can also be caused by a number of events. Snow melts, tropical storms, and dam or levee breaks are just a few of the causes of floods. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While river flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry. Although you can lessen the chance of floods occurring in your area by moving, floods can still occur everywhere and affect everyone. National Hazards: Floods Floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters on Earth. Floods have cost humanity millions of dollars in damages and so much more. They are also very fatal. Every year, floods kill 6,753 people. While this may seem like a low number of deaths compared to car crashes or earthquakes but when other affects of floods are seen, Floods are seen as very dangerous disasters. They effect people from every part of the globe, effecting over 96,878,672 people and are caused by many things. In floods that result from snow melts, people in areas that are not close to large bodies of water are still susceptible to snow. Snow melts start when an area experiences heavy snowfall. After the snow starts to melt but the ground remains frozen, the water begins to collect in pools in the...
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...sub-divided into the Pleistocene epoch (the most recent ice age) and Holocene epoch (the post-glacial period of last 10000 years). * Glacial: a period of time when masses of ice develop and advance into lower altitudes due to a sustained decline in temperature. Extensive continental ice sheets form during such periods. * Interglacial: a period of time, such as the present day, when ice still covers part of the Earth’s surface but has retreated to the polar regions. * Accumulation: the net gain in an ice mass. The sources of accumulation are direct snowfall and avalanching from higher slopes. * Sublimation: a transition from the solid state to gas with no intermediate liquid stage. * Ablation: the process of wastage of snow or ice, especially by melting. * Steady State: when the amounts of accumulation and ablation are equal over the course of a year. As a result, the snout of the glacier will remain stationary. * Surge: a short-lived phase of accelerated glacier flow. * Pressure Melting Point (PMP): the temperature at which ice under pressure will melt. * Extensional Flow: also known as extending flow, this is the extension and related thinning of glacier ice in those zones where velocity increases. * Compressional Flow: also known as compressing flow, this is the type of glacier flow whereby a reduction in velocity leads to an increase in thickness of a glacier. * Weathering: the breakdown of rocks in situ (in their original location...
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...(Q1) TOWS Matrix External Opportunities • Develop & grow their private brands. • Expand how consumers can receive their purchases. • Broaden their Lands End collection. • Increase e-commerce revenues. • Bricks-and-clicks assimilation. • Improve customer shopping experience. • Increase consumer loyalty through “Shop Your Way Rewards” platform. External Threats • Economic collapse, caused by a difficult economy. • Minimum wage increases. • Economic conditions (e.g. inflation, fuel costs, & consumer debt levels). • Increasing competition. • Better online and catalog businesses. • Differentiating from competitors. Internal Strengths • Well known trademarks & brand names (e.g. Kenmore, Craftsman, DieHard). • SHOP YOUR WAY Program (free member-based social shopping platform that offers rewards). • Leading retailer in home appliances & tools, lawn & garden, fitness equipment, automotive repair & maintenance. • Nation’s largest provider of home services, with more than 13M service & installation calls made annually. Strengths &Opportunities: • Having Super Centers operate 24 hours a day that have a full-service grocery along with a merchandise selection of a discount store. • Sears Auto Centers operating in association with full-line stores • Offering its Sears collection through the use of sears.com website • Option of buying through a mobile app or online & picking up merchandise in one of the Full-line or Kmart stores. • Purchase leased operating...
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...Although an ice storm may not seem to have the same type of effects as some other crises may have on the hospitality industry, there are many negative outcomes from them. Ice storms are very dangerous in the fact that you never know when it could turn into one. Weather may be getting weather, even warmer, but if you’ve got rain, especially at the end of the winter season, it could easily turn to ice in a second. All types of storms can have some effect on any type of operation but in particular, those that are non-essential. As stated by the Government of Canada, “freezing rain is tough, clings to everything it touches and is more slippery than snow. A little freezing rain is dangerous, a lot can be catastrophic” (http://www.getprepared.gc.ca/knw/ris/str-eng.aspx#c4). Things such as electrical, heating, plumbing, gas, and any other type of power outlet can be effected by ice storms, especially with them being outside. The next few paragraphs are an explanation into how ice storms can affect a hospitality operation from the greenhouse, up to the actual restaurant itself. As well we personally interviewed Sarah Scott about her experience with an ice storm at Inn On The Twenty. There are several different areas that can be affected by the severe effects of an ice storm. As the rest of this report will show, the effects can spread right from the farmers to the restaurant/hotel and even directly to the guest at such locations. The primary focus of the interview that will assist...
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...What is CPR? CPR stands for CardioPulmonary Resuscitation i.e. to help restart the heart (pulse) and lungs (breathing). When do we perform CPR? CPR is performed when a person stops breathing and/or the heart stops. Why is it important to learn CPR? Every year about 350,000 people suffer cardiac arrest i.e. their heart stops. Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of death in United States and Canada. If you know how to perform CPR you may be able to save a life. Why timing is important? When the heart (pulse) and lung (breathing) stops, the victim has 5 minutes before (gradual) brain death starts to occur, if no CPR is performed. Therefore, it is very important to start CPR as soon as possible. What is Hands-only CPR? Any bystander who is not trained in CPR can perform this type of CPR to try to save a life. Hand-only CPR is better than no CPR. If you witnessed an adult or a child/infant who suddenly collapses then: 1. Call EMS / 911 2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest | | Anatomy of Heart and Lungs 1. Heart The heart beats continuously to pump blood to all parts of the body. It has four chambers: Right and left atrium and ventricles. Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the left side. The heart is connected to blood vessels (arteries and veins) which combined make up the circulatory system. 2. Lungs Each person has two lungs underneath the ribcage: One on the left side and the one on the right. Its main function...
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...the vendor treats its employees and how things like packaging and dumping of waste can hinder a potential business transaction. Sustainable purchasing is a growing global trend. Increasingly businesses, governments, non-profits and other organizations are integrating social and environmental objectives into the purchasing process as a means to reduce their environmental footprint, leverage social benefits and foster a sustainable economy. The City of Edmonton as an example, has a policy statement that aims to bring about environmental and social improvements both locally and globally. It has also set minimum performance and standards required for its suppliers which translates to its Supplier Code of Conduct. The Government of Canada spends billions of dollars per year in procurement of goods and services. With this monetary spend using public funds, it has a responsibility to maintain the confidence of the vendor community and the Canadian public in an accountable, ethical and transparent manner. Thus a supplier code of conduct will help achieve this responsibility. II. Sustainable Purchasing Policy – Adding Value in Public Procurement As per the City of Edmonton, its sustainable purchasing policy encourages staff to purchase quality products and services at competitive prices while considering key environmental and social benefits over the entire life-cycle of the product or service. The United Nations Global Compact defines that the objective of supply chain...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...Earthquakes I Earth’s composition Earth is a dense, stratified planet with many layers: core (inner and outer), mantle and crust Inner core: most dense material, solid iron and nickel Outer core: second most dense, liquid, iron and nickel Mantle: composed of oxygen, silicon, magnesium, aluminum Crust: composed of sodium and potassium rich silicate rocks Upper 100-350 km of upper mantle makes up asthenosphere: fluid layer due to heating from core Plate tectonics Earth’s uppermost layer, the lithosphere, broken up into 7 plates due to movement of asthenosphere underneath Plate tectonics- name for dynamic interactions of these plates Plate boundaries 3 types: divergent, covergent, and transform Divergent boundaries: tension from deep earth pulls two plates away from each other, allowing lava to upwell through the cracks and create new seafloor Covergent boundaries: two plates coming together as stress pushes plates toward each other- one plate forced under another in a subduction zone Transform boundaries: two plates slide past each other horizontally-frequent cause of destructive forces like earthquakes The nature of earthquakes Cause = abrupt movements on faults Fractures in earths lithosphere Normal fault- block above the fault has moved downward relative to the black below Reverse fault- upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block (aka thrust fault) Right lateral strike slip fault- two blocks slide past one another Earths crustal...
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...Reseach Paper Circum-Pacific Belt And Mediternian Belt Group 3: Rena Mae Noserale Karen Joy Umadhay Loreen Sultan Circum-Pacific Belt of Fire The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt. About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. The next most seismically active region (5–6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which extends from Java to Sumatra through theHimalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the third most prominent earthquake belt. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates. The eastern section of the ring is the result of the Nazca Plate and the Cocos Plate being subducted beneath the westward moving South American Plate. The Cocos Plate is being subducted beneath the Caribbean Plate, in Central America. A portion of the Pacific Plate along with the small Juan de Fuca Plate are...
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...Index Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Diversity Amid Globalization-------------------------------------------------------5 The Changing Global Environment----------------------------------------------11 North America---------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 ...
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...Halmstad University School of Business and Engineering Business Culture II VeniltonReinert Marketing And Communication Plan FALU RED PAINT Friday, 14. Dec. 2012 Wan Ting Huang Tatjana Weber Jonathan Tran Quentin Peulot Cyril Albert Matthieu Fernandez 1 Table des matières 1. Introduction (north country/ wood houses) ........................................................................ 3 1.1 Pestel analysis of Russia : ............................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Pestel analysis of Canada: ......................................................................................................... 12 2 Micro environment ............................................................................................................ 19 2.1 Brand ........................................................................................................................................ 19 2.2 Product ..................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Price ......................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4 Promotion .................
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...Geography plate tectonics and associated hazard notes Plate tectonics and associated hazards Geomorphology – the study of landforms of the earth’s surface Plate tectonics – a theory explaining the structure of the earth’s crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of the rigid lithosphere. Geomorphological hazard – an event causing harm to people or property, caused by Geomorphological processes e.g. plate tectonic movement. Francis Bacon 1620 As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912 other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. Robert Mallet 1870s Robert Mallet was a nineteenth century scientist who managed to measure the speed at which earthquakes spread. Alfred Wegner 1911 While at Marburg, in the autumn of 1911, Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. Orthodox science at the time explained such cases by postulating that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected far-flung continents. But Wegener noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities...
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...fuel economy. The retail gas prices rose to just over $4 a gallon. Sales of large SUVs were affected more than any other vehicle, and their resale values dropped like a rock. In this paper I would like to talk about: why people want to buy SUVs? What impact does the lower fuel economy of SUVs have on the economy? What is the new fuel economy policy by the government? What impact does the safety record if SUVs have on the economy? Sport utility vehicle (SUV) is a vehicle similar to a station wagon or estate car. Early SUVs were used in military and commercial purposes, Jeep and Land Rover were used in the WW2. Chevrolet Carryall Suburban was the first SUV came out in 1935, but it’s only a RWD. SUVs became popular in the United States, Canada, India and Australia in the 1990s and early-2000s. In every household in United States owned many types of SUV. There are four different types of SUVs in the market right now those are: Compact SUV, Mid-size SUV, Full-size SUV, and Luxury SUV. Some says that, the high gasoline consumption of the SUV is a symbol of decadent waste. To others, the large size of the vehicle is a symbol of...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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