...Soccer Research Paper How Soccer started The history of soccer started long ago, and it’s big now. The Chinese and Japanese people played many different kinds of soccer in ancient times. In fact it really started the whole soccer Industry. 2000 years ago Chinese people kicked and move a ball with their feet to train soldiers. The Han Dynasty of football/soccer was called Tsu’ Chu and they kicked a ball made of leather with feathers inside through an opening. Another game that is almost like Tsu’ Chu is Kemari which is still played today. The Greeks and Romans also played many different forms of soccer in ancient times, that were fun. A game played by the Romans was Harpastum. In this game 27 men played on each side, and it was so rough and crazy that 2 thirds of the men had to be hospitalized after a game. Soccer/football was hard and you need to have technique and talent for it, so they used it to train soldiers. Football was believed to came from Harpastum. The game was brought to Britain from the Greeks and Romans. Another game played was Episkyros by the Greeks. Football was first called soccer by people in Britain. It started in Britain but now the Americans use the term soccer to distinguish it from football. The English rarely used the term soccer, preferring to call it football. Around this time in England, the term “soccer” was used as a British slang word. In the centuries that were passing, it revealed a lot of different games going back to the...
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...negatively. Ethics is not just for individuals to care about. Governments, organizations, and banks spend a huge amount of money on determent what is ethical and what is not? Companies could lose all their customers if they made an unethical action. Governments could lose all their supporters if had an unethical scandal. Even, celebrities would lose all of his fans if he or she did unethical action such as racism or sexual abused. However, most of companies have guidelines or policies to face and prevent any unethical issues in side the organization against costumers or employees. Business ethics is a very important factor in any companies or organization because it tells how the company thinks about people and their employees. Furthermore, the paper will focus and analysis briefly what is ethics, the four types of ethics, what are the ethical challenges, and how companies deal with ethical action? Body one what is ethics: First of all, the fully understanding of the idea, concept, and meaning of ethics...
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...LIBRARY/APA ASSIGNMENT The purpose of the first part of this assignment is to learn how to use the library and internet to find scholarly research. Print this questionnaire and bring to class and the library on the assigned days. Portions of this will be discussed/ completed in class. All parts must be typed. This assignment is to allow you to learn how to do research on the web and on the library website when searching for articles. Many of you will use these tools for research papers. You will follow the directions listed and fill in the blanks. This is due 4/11. Go to www.google.com to answer the questions below. Type dhmo into the search box. How many results were found? Go to www.dhmo.org and what is the Title of the page? What is this website about? Read the page and evaluate the page using the 6 criteria discussed in class. For each area, explain how the page filled that criteria, or how it didn’t fill that criteria. Authority: Objectivity: Accuracy: Currency: Content/Relevancy: Aesthetics: What is dihydrogen monoxide? Go to scholar.google.com Type “sports injuries” in the search box. How many results were found? Click on the second article. Is the article scholarly or popular? Click the back arrow at the top and look at the 2nd article information. At the end of the 2nd article information, how many articles is the article “Cited by”? Library Search Go to the library website and use the database...
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...Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey Robert K. Fullinwider* Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy University of Maryland * rkf@umd.edu CIRCLE WORKING PAPER 44 FEBRUARY 2006 CIRCLE Working Paper 44: February 2006 Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION....................................... 3 a. methodological limitations..................... 4 b. conceptual and theoretical infelicities...... 5 II. THE LESSONS OF SPORT......................... 5 III. BASICS................................................ 6 a. too much too early?.............................. 8 b. competition’s role understood ............... 11 c. competition, participation, and fun......... 12 d. not enough?........................................ 14 IV. WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE?.................... 15 V. THE MICROWORLD OF PARTICIPATION...... 17 VI. APPENDIX A......................................... 19 a. Shields and Bredemeier...................... 19 a.1. moral maturity: what are psychologists looking for?............ 22 a.2. game thinking............................. 24 a.3. moral confusion........................... 25 b. Stoll, Lumpkin, Beller, and Hahm.............. 27 It has been recognized for centuries that sport can contribute to education values that make for the development of character and right social relations . . . . [Within this contribution] there are many intertwined and interwoven threads of influences...
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...Contact Sports Head/Body Injuries Research Paper November 19, 2013 Down, Set, Hut, Hut! The ball snaps, and everyone clashes into each other like warriors in battle. This is what we love about the game of football. While we are enjoying this rugged game, behind the scenes there are players in pain on and off of the field. From them having concussions to broken toes, or in other words from head to toe, every game possibly being there last one depending on the extremity of their next injury they still continue to play and entertain us. In this paper we are going to journey through some of those injuries and issues due to this sport we love and how we could help solve it, and help these athletes we love so much be able to stay in the game of football a little longer. To start off, although we’re just focusing on NFL, I have to let you know it’s not just affecting them, but the little ones we having playing this sport as well. In an article I read entitled, “Hits to the Head Don’t Differ in Age, Research Indicates”, it says that more 25,000 kids ranging from ages 8 to 19 are taken to the emergency room seeking treatment for concussions each year (Belson, 2013). This goes to say that although we enjoy when the adults are doing all this physical contact, but when it’s our own kids do we feel the same way? Well, in this case think of those NFL players as you do your children. What if they could never play again, on or off of the field? In reading another article by Sabrina Rogers...
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...developing countries have been given the right host this international competition. For instance, South Africa hosted the 2010 World Cup and Brazil the 2014 World Cup. Notably, there has been intense competition between nations to host World Cup. Many countries have vowed to invest billions of dollars in order to increase their chances of being elected to host such mega event. Why should countries compete to host this event? There could be numerous reasons why a number of countries are keen on hosting World Cup, but the most compelling is the promise of an economic and social windfall. Soccer is one of the sports which people tend to identify themselves with. It has gained popularity owing to its impacts on the players, followers, states and other stakeholders. Currently, the game is estimated to have the highest number of followers than any other sport. Due to its vast effects, Soccer World Cups have gained popularity in the past two decades. For the previously held World Cups, great focus has been on social and economic effects. There numerous articles that have been written about the positive and negative effects of World Cups especially to the host countries. Before the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, it was estimated that it would improve the region’s economy by about 0.5 % per year (The Economist, 2010). South African’s economy was estimated to experience 3% annual growth hence the impact of World Cup was definitely a huge chunk. The economic impact of World Cup seems...
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...Feasibility Study for Soap Football Business Venture By: Kunal Sharma 3077704 November 2012 88/100 – well done and a viable concept. ~Steve Dhillon Table of Contents Page # 1. Cover Page 1 2. Table of contents 2 3. The concept 3 4. Preliminary marketing planning 5 5. Customers 6 6. Competition 7 7. Location 8 8. Pricing strategy 9 9....
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...world. Football matches for instance have always been marred by such developments where the spectators have turned against rival spectators. In this case, the rival spectators are identified as those supporting a rival team. The violence against different team supporters have usually led to the destruction of property, injuries and in some unfortunate events, it has resulted to the loss of lives. These are issues that the world is currently facing. The entire universe has in one way or another experienced such developments especially among the sport spectators. The emergence of football as one of the most watched and supported sport has put it at the very center of hooligan activities. Many hooliganism cases reported today are from soccer matches, where fans find it hard to accept defeat. The fact that so many people today closely follow the sport has made it prominent, with an almost cult-like fan following. The football fans have grown enthusiastic of the sport in such a way that the loss of a match touches a very sensitive nerve among these fans, an aspect that results to anger. The embarrassment caused is usually almost personal among these spectators; hence the slightest trigger to violence leads to a greatly devastating repercussion. As such, hooliganism...
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...In today’s world many people see cheerleading as a squad of girls just prancing around with pom-poms and getting rowdy for a typical football team or a basketball game. Another way people portray cheerleaders is the visual of the The Top Cats, Charger Girls and The Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders. This is where the hairspray, make up and cleavage rules the field rather than the hardworking athletes many cheerleaders fight with their blood, sweat in tears, to be. There are two very different types of cheerleading. I will explain to few different aspects of the activity. In my opinion leads these are the most important reasons that prove why cheerleading should be considered a sport. In this sport there is an outrageous level of athleticism. Cheerleading has many similarities that of other...
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...Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning (eds.) Statistical Thinking in Sports CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents 1 Introduction Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Patterns of world records in sports (2 articles) . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Competition, rankings and betting in soccer (3 articles) . . 1.1.3 An investigation into some popular baseball myths (3 articles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Uncertainty of attendance at sports events (2 articles) . . . 1.1.5 Home advantage, myths in tennis, drafting in hockey pools, American football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling the development of world records in running Gerard H. Kuper and Elmer Sterken 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Modelling world records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Cross-sectional approach . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Fitting the individual curves . . . . . . . . 2.3 Selection of the functional form . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Candidate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Theoretical selection of curves . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Fitting the models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 The Gompertz curve in more detail...
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...significance for the communities they represent at both local and national levels. Social and cultural analysts have only recently started to investigate the wide variety of customs, values and social patterns that surround the game in different societies. This volume contributes to the widening focus of research by presenting new data and explanations of football-related violence. Episodes of violence associated with football are relatively infrequent, but the occasional violent events which attract great media attention have their roots in the rituals of the matches, the loyalties and identities of players and crowds and the wider cultures and politics of the host societies. This book provides a unique cross-national examination of patterns of order and conflict surrounding football matches from this perspective with examples provided by expert contributors from Scotland, England, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, Argentina and the USA. This book will be of interest to an international readership of informed soccer and sport enthusiasts and students of sport, leisure, society, deviance and culture. Richard Giulianotti, Norman Bonney and Mike Hepworth are respectively Research Assistant, Senior Lecturer and Reader in the Department of Sociology, Aberdeen University, Scotland. Football, Violence and Social Identity Edited by Downloaded by [University of Ottawa] at 14:44 24 March 2014 Richard Giulianotti, Norman Bonney and Mike Hepworth London and New York First...
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...Published in: Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 133 (2/2), 1997, 201–218. © 1997 Peter Lang, 0303-9692. Bounded Rationality: Models of Fast and Frugal Inference Gerd Gigerenzer1 Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany Humans and other animals need to make inferences about their environment under constraints of limited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. However, most theories of inductive inferences model the human mind as a supercomputer like a Laplacean demon, equipped with unlimited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. In this article I review models of fast and frugal inference, that is, satisficing strategies whose task is to infer unknown states of the world (without relying on computationaly expensive procedures such as multiple regression). Fast and frugal inference is a form of bounded rationality (Simon, 1982). I begin by explaining what bounded rationality in human inference is not. 1. Bounded Rationality is Not Irrationality In his chapter in John Kagel and Alvin Roth’s Handbook of Experimental Economics (1995), Colin Camerer explains that “most research on individual decision making has taken normative theories of judgment and choice (typically probability rules and utility theories) as null hypotheses about behavior,” and has labeled systematic deviations from these norms “cognitive illusions” (p. 588). Camerer continues, “The most fruitful, popular alternative theories spring from the idea that limits...
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...FIT” Youth Athletic Program Curriculum Middle School & High School Ages 11-17 Athletic Director: Darian Witherspoon Table of Contents Section 1 – Mission and Philosophy Statement………………………………………………........................3 Section 2 – Goals and Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………..….…...4 Goals………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Objectives……………………………………………………………………..………………….…………………………..……………6 Section 3 – Instructional Model……………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 Basketball…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….8 Flag Football…………………………………………………………………………………….………………..……………….....…10 Soccer…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...12 Volleyball…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….14 Floor Hockey………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……16 Softball………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...18 Section 4 --Discussion Model…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19 Obesity…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….19 Bullying…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26 Section 5 --Personal / Social Responsibility and Participation Model………………………..27 Section 6 --Drugs and Alcohol……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..28 Section 7 --Positive Impact of Athletics……………………………………………………………………………………….29 Section 8 – Program...
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...Chris Berryman Sport in Modern Society Concussions in Sport: An Analytical Discussion “I had no idea what a nickel was (Kevin Kolb, The Concussion Blog).” NFL quarterback Kevin Kolb has suffered three major concussions since 2010 (Galliford, Buffalorumblings). His most recent one just this past August effectively ended his football career. This is just one example of the many in which multiple or severe concussions have cut short careers in sports. The issue of player safety in sport has become a topic of controversy and debate in recent years. Many professional leagues such as the NFL and the NHL have adopted strict concussion test protocols and procedures for its players. Player safety has no doubt become a major concern in contact sports. The problem is, many of these regulations have yet to address what happens after playing careers are over. What happens to former players’ mental and physical health after they retire? How do players whom have suffered multiple concussions playing contact sports live their lives as opposed to players whom have played non-contact sports such as golf or baseball? What will be questioned in this analysis is do known players that have suffered multiple and/or severe concussions throughout their playing careers due to playing a contact sport develop abnormally high levels of mental and physical health problems at an early age? Previous history on the attempts to lower the frequency of severe injury...
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...match and the consequences it brings about is more of a concern than a normal fixture. For a Manchester Derby between Manchester United and Manchester City, an extra 75 police officers will be on duty for the Old Trafford fixture and spot checks will be carried out at pubs around the ground (TheDailymail UK, 2010). Football (or soccer) is commonly known as the King of Sports – no wonder it is always in the spotlight of public eyes. But what is the drive behind all of this cautiousness of the authorities as well as excitement of the football fans? According to Concise Oxford English Dictionary (2008), “derby” or “local derby” (Martin, 2011) is used to refer to as a sports match between two rival teams from the same area (WordReference.com, 2011). These clashes of neighbors, especially those within the scope of the English Premier League (EPL), are often highly competitive not only on the field but also on the grand stand. The Barclays Premier League is widely regarded as the elite club competition in world football. Like every other league in England, the Premier League comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association (the FA) and must submit its rules each year for approval and sanction (premierleague.com, 2011). Teams must fight for a stand among the 20 greatest clubs of the Premier League (PL), with three relegated to and...
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