...Economic Impact of Mega Sporting Events on Host countries Nitika Mangal Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Aim and Objectives 5 Chapter 3: Literature Review 6 Chapter 4: Analysis 1 - Economic Impact of Atlanta 1996 Olympics 9 Positive Impact 9 Negative Impact 10 Chapter 5: Analysis 2 - Economic Impact of Sydney 2000 Olympics 12 Positive Impact 12 Negative Impact 14 Chapter 6: Analysis 3 - Economic Impact of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 16 Positive Impact 16 Negative Impact 18 Chapter 7: Analysis 4 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2010 World Cup, SA 20 Positive Impact 20 Negative Impact 21 Chapter 8: Analysis 5 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2014 World Cup, Brazil 23 Positive Impact 23 Negative Impact 24 Chapter 9: Overall Critical Analysis of Mega Sporting Events 26 Olympics 26 FIFA World Cup 29 Chapter 10: Challenges in Calculating Economic Impact 31 Chapter 11: Conclusion 34 References 35 Chapter 1: Introduction Hosting a sporting event, and that too a mega-sporting event is considered to be a proud moment in the history of any country. It is hard to provide a clear and well defined meaning for the term mega-event, as its difference from a normal event is not just dependent on the number of actual participants. It needs the fulfillment of many different factors...
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...Some people think that distant learning is the perfect alternative to traditional education. Due to advancements in technology nowadays we have a possibility to choose between learning via the internet and attending schools. According to some experts, distance learning has effectively facilitated academic education and society should refuse from the traditional school attendance. However not everybody agree with it. In my opinion, we should to learn in the traditional form of education. First of all, it is vitally important that schooling makes students more self-disciplined and sociable. Studying in school provide students with numerous opportunities to interact with tutors as well as their peers, which tend to increase their interpersonal and social skills. Secondly, extra-curricular activities, such as various hiking, sport competitions, offered by traditional schooling, not only teach students how to compete and compromise, but also improve their mental and physical health. On the contrary, there are people who believe that distant learning is much better than traditional education. They insist that distance learning helps the disabled to receive education at home. Nevertheless, let us consider this issue from another angle. I am sure that the impacts of distance learning are generally detrimental, because using Internet can reduce our vision, students have low physical activity, which can lead to serious diseases. Taking into consideration all mentioned above, I think...
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...investigation. But there are several questions that can be asked which will help in answering this query. In the context of Putin’s Russia and dictatorship we can inquire as to whether Russia has become a dictatorship under Putin, and if so why; is it politically correct to call it a dictatorship when compared to other countries such as Belarus and Zimbabwe, which are instated and well-known dictatorships; and another question we can ask ourselves is whether it is actually right for us, as westerners, to call it a dictatorship when it could be our own westernised and capitalised views affecting the way we see other political non-capitalist regimes, causing us to call Russia as such. To help answer these questions, several issues and subtopics will be addressed and these include the censorship of different types of media, The Crimean Crisis and its effects upon the countries involved as well as relations with the rest of Europe and the United States, the selling of Siberia’s land and resources to China, the Sochi Winter Olympics and the political upheaval that accompanied it and lastly Putin himself as a person and a potential dictator. However, this...
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...after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Abstract Mega events have intrigued the academia because of the huge impact they have on the host countries. Not only do mega events catalyse urban regeneration, they also have the ability to command international media’s attention. Furthermore, nations have been known to use mega events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and World Fair to rebuild image and draw in tourists to serve the economic development of the region. While the Olympics are one of the most studied mega events, most of them emphasise on the Western perspective probably because only three out of twenty-six Summer Games have been held in Asia. The most recent one is the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which is the focus of this research. In particular, this study aims to explore China’s image change after the event and the influencing factors that contribute to the change. One’s perception and image change are emotional and subjective; therefore, this research can gain a better insight through qualitative approach. Twenty participants from sixteen countries were recruited and interviewed for 20-30 minutes regarding the Beijing Olympics and related news around that time. The findings showed that China achieved moderate success in rebuilding its image in the economic and technological aspects. Many interviewees were impressed by its organising ability and modernisation. However, China failed to change its image through the Olympics when human rights violations and media...
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...Gazpacho? - Cold soup 5. How many toes does a dog have? - 18 6. What canal is located behind Croke Park's Canal End? - Royal Canal 7. Which Beatle's first girlfriend was Thelma Pickles? - John Lennon 8. What is the capitol city of Libya? - Tripoli 9. Name the stock-market trader who sent Barings Bank into bankruptcy. - Nick Leeson 10. Name the French blue cheese made from ewe's milk - Roquefort 11. What was the first phrase recorded by Thomas Edison on his phonograph? - Mary had a little lamb 12. Who trained the 2013 Aintree Grand National winner Auroras Encore? - Sue Smith 13. What life-saving device did Sir Humphry Davy invent? - Miner's safety lamp, the Davy Lamp 14. Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson lost his right arm during which battle? - Santa Cruz de Tenerife 15. Who would use a trudgeon? - A swimmer 16. Which soup is a delicacy in Chinese cuisine made from the salivary excretions of the swiftlet? - Bird’s Nest Soup 17. Which geographical area is part of both Chile and Argentina? - Tierra del Fuego 18. Name the two main ingredients of pasta. - flour and water 19. Who wrote the poem beginning with the words "Because I could not stop for death..." - Emily Dickinson 20. Who said, "The medium is the message"? - Marshall McLuhan 21. Patrick Viera received 8 red cards in his English Premier League career. This puts him in joint-first in the list of red cards with which Irish player? - Richard Dunne 22. Which American comedian...
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...June 1, 2014 Meira Kumar on her last day in office till the appointment of a Pro term Speaker for the Lok Sabha on 31 May 2014. Who was appointed as Lok Sabha’s Pro term Speaker? – Kamal Nath, the senior Congress leader (Kamal Nath is the senior-most leader of the Lok Sabha and has won from Chhindwara in Madhya Pradesh for the ninth time) 1) Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 May 2014 abolished all the Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs) and Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and told Ministries and departments to take decisions on pending matters. How many EGoMs and GoMs were working on different issues that have now been abolished? – 30 (These include 9 EGoMs and 21 GoMs. These EGoMs and GoMs were constituted during the UPA regime of Manmohan Singh and were formed to take decisions on issues like corruption, inter-State water disputes, administrative reforms and gas and telecom pricing. EGoMs had the power to take decisions on the line of the Union Cabinet. The recommendations of the GoMs were placed before the Cabinet for a final call) 2) The Chief Executive of Lok Sabha Television (LSTV) Rajiv Mishra was sacked from his post by Meira Kumar, the Speaker of the 15th Lok Sabha, on 30 May 2014. This sacking was done by 3) India lost in its first tie of the 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup that started from 31 May 2014. India lost to Belgium by 2-3 to start its campaign on a losing note. This World Cup is being held at – The Hague, Netherlands (The 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup is...
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...CUTTING EDGE: OUR WEEKLY ANALYSIS OF MARKETING NEWS 12 March 2014 Welcome to our weekly analysis of the most useful marketing news for CIM, CAM and Sales Leadership Alliance members. Quick links to sections Marketing trends and issues Advertising Consumer perceptions of expense This study examines whether consumers make judgments about brands not just on the basis of what is communicated in advertising but on how the message is communicated. In particular it investigates the effect of perceived advertising expense and effort of the advertiser. An analysis of 4,000 consumers reveals that ads with higher-thanaverage perceived expense and effort have a positive effect on brand attitude, brand interest and word-of-mouth. In contrast ads with lower perceived expense have negative effects. International Journal of Advertising. Vol 33(1) 2014, pp137154 (Modig et al) Digital could make up for loss of print Online publishers and news websites enjoyed advertising growth of 18% last year according to the Association of Online Publishers (AOP) and Deloitte. Their data indicates that digital revenues grew at their fastest rate since 2008; this has been attributed to the rise of mobile, since advertising on smartphones rose by 60% in the last quarter of 2013. Deloitte says it expects publishers to innovate with flexible pricing such as a mixture of paid-for and free ad-funded models. Some publishers are already indicating that digital revenues are making up...
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...OAO Gazprom Annual Report 2014 The Power of Growth OAO Gazprom Annual Report 2014 Note. This Annual Report has been formed on the basis of Resolution No. 1 of OAO Gazprom’s Management Committee On Organization of Work Related to Holding the Annual General Shareholders Meeting dated 29 January 2015. The terms «OAO Gazprom», «Company» used in the Annual Report refer to the parent company of Gazprom Group, i.e. to Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom. «Gazprom Group», «the Group» or «Gazprom» imply OAO Gazprom and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. For the purposes of the Annual Report, the lists of subsidiaries and affiliates were prepared on the basis used in the preparation of OAO Gazprom’s consolidated accounting (financial) statements in accordance with the requirements of the Russian legislation. Similarly, the «Gazprom neft Group» and «Gazprom neft» refer to OAO Gazprom neft and its subsidiaries, «Gazprom energoholding» refers to OOO Gazprom energoholding and its subsidiaries, Gazprom neftekhim Salavat refers to OAO Gazprom neftekhim Salavat and its subsidiaries. In this Report “companies investments to which are classified as joint operations” define OAO Tomskneft VNC and Salym Petroleum Development N.V. The Annual Report also contains information related to Gazprom Group’s business activities in the future, based on the forecast and estimates of Gazprom’s management derived from the current situation. Actual results may differ from the said forecast and estimates due to the effect...
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...Kamath c. Nandan Nilekani d. Sam Pitroda The present External Affairs minister of India is… a. Murali Deora b. S.M. Krishna c. A.K. Antony d. Anand Sharma General Knowledge Take Off Time: 20 min 6. As per the third Annual Quality of Life Index study conducted recently, this is the most livable city in the world. We are talking about…. a. Copenhagen b. Tokyo c. London d. Zurich 7. The present President of ASSOCHAM is… a. Kumaramangalam Birla b. Sajjan Jindal c. K.V. Kamath d. Swati Piramal 8. Animal Planet is the name of the channel that belong to… a. BBC b. CNN c. Discovery Communications d. Star 9. Which of the following is the youngest grandmaster of chess in the history of the game? a. David Howell b. Sergei Karjakin c. Vladimir Kramanik d. Nigel Short 10. Which of the following represents the present Employee Provident Fund interest rate ? a. 7.5% b. 8.5% c. 9% d. 9.5% 11. Loksatta is the name of the newspaper that belongs to the stable of… a. Indian Express Group b. Times of India Group c. The...
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...Ukraine resistance proves problem for Russia The mood is changing in Crimea. On Friday the Russians took over, largely unopposed by their Ukrainian counterparts. Perhaps in the confused aftermath of events in Kiev, the Ukrainians were still wondering whose orders they were supposed to follow. But today there are large groups of Ukrainian soldiers who resist the new authority in Crimea, who refuse to surrender their bases and their ships, and who are slowly starting to create problems for the Russians. Perhaps a decision has been taken to fight back? So far it has been done peacefully, but each time the troops are pushing the boundaries, hoping to show the world that Ukrainians are being bullied by their Russian masters. The international community may have given up on Crimea. It is clear the new government in Kiev has not. Which brings us to the events of today. 'Insults and obscenities' Russian troops fired into air as Ukrainians marched on a Crimean air base The Russian guard at the airfield in Sevastopol must have considered the prospect of a confrontation like this. Marching towards them was a column of 300 unarmed Ukrainian soldiers, with their flag proudly displayed. The Russians fired over their heads but on went the Ukrainians, marching in line, singing their anthem, in defiance. One volley after the other went over their head and, as they neared the barriers, the rifles of the Russian soldiers were lowered. This airfield at Sevastopol is home to the MiG fighters...
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...OUR GROUP 02 GRO UP M A N A GE ME N T R E P OR T 02.1 02.2 02.3 02.4 02.5 02.6 02.7 02.8 02.9 02.10 adidas Group Worldwide 66 Major Sporting Events 2014 67 Group Strategy 68 Global Sales Strategy 72 Global Brands Strategy 77 Other Businesses Strategy 86 Global Operations 94 Research and Development 99 Employees105 Sustainability111 G R O U P M A N A G E M E N T R E P O R T: This report contains the Group Management Report of the adidas Group, comprising adidas AG and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the Management Report of adidas AG. 1 Group Management Report – Our Group adidas Group Worldwide / 02.1 / adidas Group Worldwide Percentage of Group sales 26 23 Western Europe North America 8 3 1 4 2 13 6 12 Greater China 7 10 European Emerging Markets 5 9 20 13 66 11 15 Latin America Other Asian Markets 1 adidas North America, Portland/Oregon, USA 6 adidas International Trading, Amsterdam, Netherlands 2 TaylorMade-adidas Golf Headquarters, Carlsbad/California, USA 7 adidas Group Headquarters, Herzogenaurach, Germany 3 Reebok-CCM Hockey Headquarters, Montreal/Quebec, Canada 8 adidas Group Russia, Moscow, Russia 9 4 Reebok International Headquarters, The Rockport Company Headquarters, Canton/Massachusetts, USA adidas Global Sourcing, Hong Kong, China ...
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