...Social Psychology and Multicultural Psychology Jennifer Wolf Psych/620 Instructor- Jean Thorndike Social Psychology and Multicultural Psychology This paper defines social psychology and multicultural psychology. Described within will be the primary research strategies used in social psychology. Provided will be examples of each strategy. An explanation regarding how social and multicultural psychology are related and what separates social and multicultural psychology into two distinct fields will be provided. Social Psychology Social psychology is “the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings” (Fiske S. , 2010). Social psychology tries to explain how an individual reacts to another individual whether the individual is present or not. Social psychology also attempts to explain how an individual acts in a group setting as well as how an individual acts when a person (s) of authority is (are) present. Primary Research Srategies1 The three primary research strategies used in social psychology are descriptive research, correlational research, and experimental research (Fiske S. , 2010) Descriptive research “aims to depict accurately some characteristic in a population of interest” (Fiske S. , 2010). Descriptive research deals with one variable at a time and averages the responses to said variable. For example, a public opinion survey such as...
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...Social psychology is the scientific study of the way individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context. Social psychology often emphasizes the power of the situation in affecting people. Social psychology can be distinguished from other disciplines, including sociology, clinical psychology, personality psychology, and cognitive psychology; however, social psychology overlaps with each of these disciplines as well. Social psychology may at first appear to be common sense, but common sense often makes contradictory claims, and many of the findings in social psychology would not be predicted by common sense. A wide range of research methods are used in psychology. These methods vary by the sources of information that are drawn on, how that information is sampled, and the types of instruments that are used in data collection. Methods also vary by whether they collect qualitative data, quantitative data or both. Qualitative psychological research is where the research findings are not arrived at by statistical or other quantitative procedures. Quantitative psychological research is where the research findings result from mathematical modeling and statistical estimation or statistical inference. Since qualitative information can be handled as such statistically, the distinction relates to method, rather than the topic studied. There are three main types of psychological research: 1. Correlational research In statistics, dependence is any statistical relationship between...
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...Multicultural Psychology Multicultural Psychology Psychology is the organized study of behavior, thoughts and affects. Multicultural Psychology is a branch of the many different areas of psychology that analyzes the effects of culture on the feelings, behaviors, and thoughts of individuals. Culture is defined as a group of people characterized by shared values, customs, and behaviors. In this country there is emphasis placed on different racial groups, inter-marriage, minority adoptions and numerous other areas. According to “What is Multicultural Psychology” (n.d.), multicultural psychology differentiates between a narrow definition of culture which is limited to race, ethnicity, and nationality. The broad definition of culture includes any or all important and meaningful ways to identify individuals or groups. Multicultural psychology is needed because this country is so diverse where people of different backgrounds will always encounter one another. History The field of multicultural psychology has a long and complex history. Studies recognized the large cultural and social change in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as new immigrants, new women, and racial minorities strived for equality and social justice (Oliver, 2010). Psychologist conduct studies on human issues that begin before birth, and continue through the end of life. Multicultural psychology evolved primarily from clinical and counseling psychology. It evolved through...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...Social Psychology and Multicultural Psychology Paper This paper will describe how social psychology can be defined and expanded; by the influence it has social on others. Describing the primary research strategies used in social psychology that can involve variables and hypotheses, along with separating social and multicultural psychology in to two distinct fields. Social psychology can be defined as the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings (Fiske, 2010). These social influence can have an affects not only o our insignificant behavior but can also affects vital behavior, such as yielding to majority opinion over one’s own judgment, Fiske, Harris, & Cuddy, 2004)Our book gives us many example from the folding of paper to being in a cult. Any decisions a person makes can be based on the environment the y are in. The people you are around can have a great effect on who we because as a person and what your goals in life are. Most times when I watch the news I wonder why people choose to do crime and feel not remorse for what they do. Social psychology primarily analyzes what happens to people as individuals. When social scientists investigate the behavior of groups of people, they move toward the sociological end of social psychology; indeed, some social psychologists work in sociology departments. The primary research strategies used in these social...
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...required various personnel, such as nurses, social workers, and counselors, to obtain suitable qualifications in order to be able to assist this diverse population. These qualifications are especially...
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...Multicultural Learning enhances creativity Discussion It is shown from the results of the research that people who learned another culture alone has a higher mean number of RAT items correctly solved than the people learned own culture alone. Moreover, the mean number of RAT of learned own culture from someone from another culture is higher than the number of learned another culture. This conclusion supports the viewpoint that multicultural learning can enhance creativity. However, this effect can be varied as a consequence of learning context. As the table 1 shows that the mean number of RAT items correctly solved of own culture Learned alone is lower than learned other culture alone. The result implies that learning other culture can enhance creativity, which also can be described as multicultural learning enhances creativity. Culture is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, its conventionalized learned routines can help individuals in a society to coordinate their social behaviors (Chiu & Hong, 2006). This also can be said that it helps individuals make sense of their social environment and coordinate their behavior with others from the same culture with relatively little effort (Chiu & Hong, 2006). However, it may constrain creativity (Leung et al., 2008). When people learn their own culture alone or from someone from the same culture, only one culture is being immersed in and exposed to. The socialization experiences of a person or a group who live in the same...
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...Foundations of psychology: Assessment 1A Jessica Sowden Student number 11595390 Word count 462 Question 2. Even though the mental health and wellbeing of CALD individuals in Australia is a national health priority, there is little information about how Australian clinicians incorporate multicultural counselling into their practice. The aim of this study was to get a better understanding of how different types of mental health professionals work effectively with CALD clients. To find out what skills, strategies and behaviours were used by participants and what was effective and not so effective. The study methods involved began by getting 15 mental health professionals from different age and social demographics. The 15 were a mix of clinical psychologists, social workers, counsellors, general psychologists and a psychiatrist. All participants had some sort of experience with CALD clients. Each participant was given a form to complete regarding their age, experience, education, professional context and ethnicity of participants client base. Then an interview was conducted which went for around 45 mins to an hour. It involved one open ended non directive question followed by several prompts if needed. The interview was recorded by tape and later transcribed and analysed by the first and second author. The study found that most participants found it necessary to collect cultural knowledge before...
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...Enns, C. Z., Williams, E. N., & Fassinger, R. E. (2012). 1 Feminist Multicultural Psychology: Evolution, Change, and Challenge. In C.Z. Enns and E.N. Wiliams (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Counseling Psychology, 3-26. The article by Enns, Williams, and Fassinger (2012) is inherently linked to multicultural psychology through its concern with the role of feminism in the context of multicultural psychology (p. 5). The multicultural and feminist perspectives of psychology are challenging to integrate, however, in doing so, the various issues relevant to the subjects are revealed. Multicultural psychology is concerned with the experiences of diverse groups of individuals. From the feminist multicultural perspective, individuals are in possession of...
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...Social and Multicultural Psychology Christy Martin University of Phoenix Social Psychology is a branch of psychology that attempts to discover why people will still respond in certain ways when the presence of others is actual, implied or even imagined (Fiske 2010 p 4). Social psychologists look at how the environment affects how people behave. Many people believe that the behavior of others (and themselves) is related to how their personalities are structured. Social psychologists believe that this is not correct and that the environment can cause people to behavior in a certain way. This concept is called situationalism and this is the type of social phenomena that social psychologists attempt to study and explain (p 7). The strategies that social psychologists use to study things such as situationalism are descriptive research, correlational research, and experimental research. Below is a description of each research method and an example of each. Descriptive research does not compare variables as other methods typically do. Descriptive research only looks at one variable at a time. Simple questions are posed in descriptive research such as the statistics of car accidents on a major interstate, or the pregnancy rate among female teenagers in a particular high school (Fiske 2010 p 53). Correlation research does compare variables and attempts to figure out if a change in one variable will affect another variable (Fiske 2010 p 56). A simple example of this...
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...Emerging Issues in Multicultural Psychology Danielle Philp PSYCH 535 October 14, 2013 Dr. Edward Garrido Emerging Issues Multicultural Psychology The United States combines numerous cultures that are integrated and merged together. In theory this world seems to be a picture of harmony and unity, the reality of society is much more complex and challenging. With more immigrants from various cultures and backgrounds, the need for multicultural counseling increases. With this increase come two distinct issues for multicultural counseling: the counselor’s own personal culture, including his or her theoretical outlook, and the assortment of components forming the identity of the individual the counselor is advising. Counselor’s Culture In multicultural psychology it is essential to know of the client’s culture to be a culturally competent psychologist. However, many may overlook such that, competent psychologist need to be aware of his or her own personal culture and theoretical view. It is crucial to recognize and comprehend one’s culture and beliefs before commencing to understand and aid others, (Ibrahiam, 1985). Attentiveness...
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...Technical knowledge is all that is needed for success. b. It is not essential to have sound interpersonal skills. c. Technical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success. d. Effectiveness is not impacted by human behavior. e. Technical skills do not influence efficiency. (c; Easy; Interpersonal Skills; p. 5) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} What Managers Do 3. Which of the following would not be considered an organization? a. a church b. a university c. a military unit d. all adults in a given community e. an elementary school (d; Moderate; Organization; p. 6) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} 4. Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals? a. party b. unit c. team d. community e. organization (e; Easy; Organization; p. 6) 5. Which of...
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...trust (Colins & Arthur, 2010), and flexibility (Cadwell et. al 2008) were more effective. The study concluded that it was much more important to approach CALD clients as individuals. The authors highlighted Stuart’s (2005) views that self-awareness and skills, and building a rapport with the client compensated for any lack of cultural competence. The only difference concluded in the study would be the need to slow the process and assessment to allow time to gain relevant cultural knowledge and needs from the client, as well as individual beliefs, needs and expected outcomes, as with all mainstream clients. Cadwell, L. D., Traver, D.D., Iwamoto, D. K., Herzberg, S. E., Cerda-Lizarraga,P., & Mack, T. (2008). Definitions of multicultural competence: Frontline human service...
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...Multicultural Literature Monica Ramirez ENG 157 September 30, 2013 Anne Graue Multicultural Literature Multicultural interactions are very common in my work environment. I work for the hospitality industry and I interact with people from different parts of the world every day. Prior to explain my experiences with different cultures it is important to define culture so it will be easier to address the subject. Culture is what identifies a person through his or her art expressions, behavior and other special characteristics. It includes the person’s language, cuisine, and other social interactions (Heine, 2008). In this essay, I will describe my personal experiences with different cultures and the impact these experiences have made on my personal and professional life. Culture and Hospitality Industry I have worked in hotels for the last three years. All these years I have been working directly with people because I work on the Food and Beverage Department. I believe that this department and front desk are the ones who are more interesting because we can indulge in other cultures and enjoy them even if sometimes some cultures are difficult for us to understand. The culture I found the most interesting was a group of Jews while I was working for a W Hotel. We were hosting a wedding for 250 people who lived in New York but were native from Israel. This wedding reception was very frustrating for me because it was my first experience with this religion and I did not understand...
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...Multicultural psychology is developing as a necessary training for individuals working in human services, especially in psychology. Race, sex, color, or even religions are often an important part of training in multicultural psychology, but with new issues these basic factors need expansion. Obesity is a common factor many Americans struggle with as more than two-thirds of the population deals with, but training on is severely lacking for human services workers (Pascal & Kerpius, 2012). Mapping the human gene will also bring new information but also fear and unknown problems. Obesity Psychologists must work to maintain awareness on bias and perception to ensure appropriate assistance is provided to every client. The issues of race, color, or even age many view as elements an individual has no control over but obesity appears to be a choice. The views of many are that an individual who is obese or overweight is that way by choice or laziness resulting in a negative bias that can prevent therapeutic treatment (Pascal & Kerpius, 2012). Viewing an individual as obese also lends to beliefs of he or she is unintelligent, less productive, but caring (Pascal & Kerpius, 2012). The views of others can have long-term effects on an individual and create low self esteem as well as issues such as binge eating and depression. In a situation in which a therapist maintains these views it can exacerbate these issues taking a therapeutic relationship and creating a harmful one (Pascal...
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