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Social Development Research

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Social Development Research
PSY/172 Essentials of Psychology

Social Development Research
Article Title: Adulthood
Link: http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldsocs/adulthood
I chose this article because it provided an interesting theory of how sociological changes have influenced and delayed the transition into adulthood. The article focused on the impact of modern technological and industrial changes to societal attitudes toward adult rites of passage. In the modern-day industrial society, the introduction of formal education as well as the need for higher education in the twentieth-century postponed adulthood by introducing an adolescent and post-adolescent phase prior to adulthood. By comparison, in the agricultural society of the medieval era, people transitioned from infancy to adulthood as soon as they could work alongside their elders. Some interesting key points of the article, Adulthood, describe both formal and informal transitions in a person’s life that indicate the achievement of adult status. Formal indicators that a person has achieved adult status are: 1. Completion of formal education 2. Economic independence 3. Moving out of the parent’s home 4. Voting 5. Full-time employment 6. Marriage
Informal transitions into adulthood are behavioral patterns assumed by an adolescent in an attempt to attain adult status. These behaviors include: 1. Drug and alcohol use 2. Smoking 3. Sexual activity 4. Teenage pregnancy
Demographic changes within the past 30 years have also supported the theory of a delayed transition into adulthood as implied by the shift in the median age for marriage from 21 for women and 23 for men in 1970, to 25 for women and 27 for men in 1996 (“Adulthood,” 2010).
I would use the article Adulthood to write a research paper on the topic of social development in adulthood as I believe it provides a valid argument in support of its theory that there is a connection between the trend of delayed entrance into adulthood and modern society. The article also provides insight into various aspects of sociological changes in attitudes toward education, career and religion that substantiate the theory of delayed adulthood. I believe the article, Adulthood, would provide the research material required to create an interesting and informative research paper.
Article Title: Social and Emotional Patterns in Adulthood: Support for Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Link: http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=116&sid=627a2032-914e-4588-8853-c60c9ee9238c%40sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=pag-7-3-331 I chose this article because I found the views it expressed very interesting. The article talks about how social interaction changes as people age and are more selective of who they associate with. The article focused on two main theories, one is the disengagement theory and the other is the activity theory. They are fundamentally different but both have strong supporting evidence for each of their cases. From these theories the author moves into his own about Socioemotional selectivity theory. Points of difference between the first two theories discussed show how different the two of them really are. 1. Disengagement theory states that elderly people naturally distance themselves from society as they age. 2. It represents a symbolic preparation for death as the elderly are away they are reaching their end of days.
3. Change in behavior is brought on by closeness to death. 4. The activity theory states that people try to live the same and have active social lives as they age. 5. This theory blames societal and physical obstacles as the main reason for a social decline as we age. 6. The activity theory surmises that change is brought about by age related and social burdens.
The author expresses his own views in his theory on socioemotional selectivity. This leans toward the argument that how people are later in life is all based on how people acted in earlier life stages like young adult and middle aged. 1. States that people establish their social networks and adapt them to get the highest reward while working with the lowest risk possible. 2. Looks at the energy expenditure when trying to establish new relationships and the risks involved. 3. Shows that an increase in closeness to friends, family and others in a highly select group may increase overtime as the emotional bonds between the individuals become stronger.
Article title: Stability in extroversion and aspects of social support at midlife.
Links: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9008383 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=12&sid=4b290074-2029-455b-8715-3b2233778c95%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=psp-72-1-233 This article captured my attention more than any other. The differences between introvert and extrovert behavior has always been fascinating to me. The article provided insight, in particular, to extrovert behavior in early adulthood and mid-adult life development. The theory is that support through interpersonal relationships and the perception of social support are based on personality. People that are extroverts have a tendency to form larger social bonds and interact with others when the need for help arises. This study shows how the support mechanisms influence the emotions and development of people who fall into this category.
The three main areas tested were:
1. Social Activity – the number of times within a given month that some form of participation via phone or through group activity was engaged.
2. Perceived Social Support – a 10 item appraisal via questionnaire
3. Interpersonal Coping Behavior – The ability to seek support or advice from others when faced with stressful problems. The results of this study did provide evidence, based on the findings that extrovert behavior resulted in more stability during midlife. The questions asked were concise and specific so that the answers were easily interpreted.
This was a sociodemographic study conducted with adults ranging from 40 to 50 years of age that attended UNC. All participants possessed a bachelor’s degree or higher. Unfortunately this is the only problem with this study. The demographics only represent a select group of people that attended one particular college during the late 60’s. The majority of people were middle aged white males. This article presented an interesting theory but as it states, few studies have been conducted to provide legitimate findings to support it. I would not recommend using this article as a sole source for the theory.

References
Adulthood. (2001). In World of Sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldsocs/adulthood

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