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Social Harm Sociology

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In this essay, I will be discussing reasons to why the concept of social harm is seen as better than the concept of crime to criminologists. A crime can be defined as an act which violates the law, breaches social norms and causes social harm. An act of crime can be penalised by the state. Although social harm is a cause of some crimes, the concept of social harm covers broader areas such as environmental crimes, health and safety crimes and tax fraud. Social harm covers criminal activities of the powerful and the elite; the concept of crime ignores this. Social harm is also known as zemiology; Newburn points out that people should look beyond crime to the social aspects of harm, regardless whether they are seen as ‘criminal’ or not (2007, …show more content…
However, harm itself is viewed differently amongst people. Some criminologists (Beccaria) argue that the concept of harm ‘refers to restrictions on the freedom of individuals to accumulate wealth’ whereas to the majority see the concept of harm as effecting society rather than the individual (Henry, S. 2001. P59). This definition relates to: environmental, health and safety, poverty and state crimes. Although some of these things may be seen as criminal, they are not all ‘crimes’. An example of this would be global warming: humans are responsible for global warming. Even though the issue of global warming is stressed about and most people are aware of the consequences for human and non-human species, they still proceed with the consequential actions (Lynch, M. and Stretesky, P. 2010. P62). A reason why global warming is not stressed about as much as ‘crimes’ is because it benefits the capitalist. Global warming is essential in a post-modern society, where natural resources are running out because there is money to be made. Research suggests that global warming is directed by the economically progressive nations or nations with high gross domestic product, which means the total value of goods produced and served by a country during the time period of a year. Additionally according to research global warming could get worse; it is said that ‘if India and China reach their economic productivity and consumption goals in the near future, there would be an increase in global warming gas production’(Lynch, M. and Stretesky, P. 2010. P65). This could only mean that people do not care about the long-term risks but instead value money and false needs more than the existence of

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