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ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗ
Психическое, социальное, духовное, физическое здоровье личности: проблемы и перспективы формирования
Автор
Люзняк Алёна
Научный руководитель
Вырлеева М.А.
Старший преподаватель
Киевский национальный университет имени Тараса Шевченко

Вступление
Изменения в социально-экономическом положении в стране, характеризующиеся отсутствием социальной стабильности и нарастанием стрессовых воздействий, привели к ухудшению показателей здоровья молодого населения Украины.
Проблема развития физического, духовного, социального и психического здоровья студентов заключается, с одной стороны, в недостаточном уровне физкультурной грамотности молодежи, несформированность навыков ведения ЗОЖ, с другой стороны – в недостаточной мотивации молодого поколения к укреплению и сохранению своего здоровья.
Анализ публикаций
Как показывают исследования Е.Н, Назаровой и Ю.Д. Жилова в настоящее время в образовательной системе наблюдается чрезвычайно тревожная ситуация: низкий уровень физкультурно-оздоровительной деятельности, ухудшение здоровья подрастающего поколения, отсутствие мониторинга его психофизиологического и эмоционального состояния, несвоевременное осуществление профилактических и воспитательных мер, препятствующих возникновению заболеваний, и т.п. [Е.Н. Назарова, Ю.Д. Жилов, с. 121].
По определению Кобякова и других ученых, «здоровый образ жизни – это процесс соблюдения человеком определенных правил, закономерностей, норм, принципов и ограничений в жизни, способствующих оптимальной адаптации его организма к условиям среды, сохранению здоровья, высокому уровню работоспособности в учебной и трудовой деятельности» [Ю.П. Кобяков, с 75].
Цель исследования – повысить физкультурную грамотность молодого населения, сформировать у него навыки ведения здорового образа жизни, а также ценностное отношение к здоровью и культуре здоровья.
Методика исследования
Для решения выдвинутых задач и выявления необходимых условий использовались следующие методы исследования: изучение, теоретический анализ и обобщение психолого-педагогической и медицинской литературы; педагогическое наблюдение; статистическая обработка, количественный и качественный анализ данных исследования.
Результаты исследования
На данный момент, к сожалению, студенты не достаточно мотивированы вести здоровый образ жизни: среди молодежи распространены вредные привычки, у большинства не сформирован режим дня, единицы регулярно занимаются утренней гимнастикой, а превалирующему большинству студентов просто не хватает времени, в частности, на занятия спортом.

Для формирования ценностного отношения к здоровью, культуре здоровья, здорового образа жизни студентов необходимо вначале выяснить, что является причиной ведения не здорового образа жизни, а также провести диагностический анализ состояния их физического, социального и психического здоровья. В университетах следует проводить профилактическую работу, направленную на пропаганду здорового образа жизни. У студентов разное здоровье, разный образ жизни, разные цели, поэтому важно найти индивидуальный подход к каждому студенту, сформировать положительное отношение к ЗОЖ, а также мотивировать их больше заботиться о своем здоровье, поскольку в обществе оно находится на первом месте в иерархии человеческих потребностей.
Для повышения мотивации заниматься физической культурой, по моему мнению, необходимо отменить установленные для студентов нормативы. Студент с большим желанием будет заниматься спортом, когда не будет принуждения в виде нормативов, часто неоправданно завышенных. Из-за неудовлетворительной экологической ситуации у современной молодежи слабое физическое здоровье, и, как следствие, многим просто не под силу сдать нормативы, поэтому они вынуждены посещать занятия специального медицинского отделения.
Начать формирование здорового образа жизни необходимо с установки и дальнейшего соблюдения студентами режима дня, организация которого должна проводиться с учетом индивидуальности высшего учебного заведения (расписания занятий), состояния здоровья каждого студента, его работоспособности, а также личных интересов и склонностей.
Одной из основных причин, почему студенты не занимаются спортом, является нехватка времени. Эту проблему можно решить, если научить студентов правильно и эффективно распоряжаться своим временем путем введения соответствующей дисциплины, например, тайм-менеджмента. Этот предмет позволит не только найти время для занятия физической культурой, но и научит студентов правильно планировать свой день для наиболее продуктивной работы.
Для формирования здорового образа жизни необходимо соблюдать следующий распорядок дня: * желательно вставать ежедневно в одно и то же время; * стараться регулярно заниматься утренней гимнастикой; * есть в установленные часы; питание должно быть рациональным, а приемы пищи должны содержать разнообразные продукты; * чередовать умственный и физический труд; * соблюдать правила личной гигиены; * работать и спать в хорошо проветриваемом помещении, ложиться спать в одно и то же время.
Необходимо понимать, что физическое здоровье – это лишь один из компонентов здоровья личности, которое также включает в себя социальное и психологическое здоровье.
Социальное здоровье – это здоровое взаимодействие с другими людьми, способность человека успешно контактировать с социумом. Социально здоровый человек должен обладать необходимыми в жизни навыками общения, умеет быть не только тактичным и вежливым с людьми, но и быть способным отстаивать свои принципы.
Психическое здоровье – это состояние благополучия, при котором человек способен реализовывать свой собственный потенциал, справляться с обычными жизненными стрессами, а также продуктивно и плодотворно работать.
Духовное здоровье человека в первую очередь связано с теми знаниями, которыми он владеет и с помощью которых занимает в жизни определенное место. Духовно здоровый человек, это человек, который видит смысл своей жизни, самосовершенствуется и придерживается принципа сохранения эмоционального равновесия и оптимистичного взгляда на жизнь.

Выводы
Таким образом, необходимо побуждать студентов к сохранению и укреплению здоровья, пропагандировать и поддерживать культуру здорового образа жизни среди молодежи. В формировании здорового образа жизни студентов наиважнейшей должна стать роль образовательных программ, направленных на сохранение и укрепление здоровья, формирование активной мотивации заботы о своем здоровье и здоровье находящихся вокруг людей.
Для наиболее эффективной мотивации молодежи, помимо пропаганды здорового образа жизни, необходимо ввести специальную дисциплину, которая научила бы студентов эффективнее распоряжаться своим досугом и находить время для занятия своим здоровьем, а также мотивировать их к занятиям физической культурой путем отмены нормативов.

Список использованных источников 1. Физическая культура. Основы здорового образа жизни. / Под ред. Ю.П. Кобякова. — Ростов: Феникс, 2014. 2. Назарова Е.Н., Жилов Ю.Д. Основы здорового образа жизни — М.: Академия, 2013. 3. http://tainy.net/23436-duxovnoe-i-fizicheskoe-zdorove-dva-aspekta-razvitiya-lichnosti.html 4. http://feelgood.ua/emotsionalnoye-zdorovye/chto-takoe-sotsialnoe-zdorove-feelgood/

Авторська довідка
Прізвище, Ім’я, по-Батькові Люзняк Альона Василівна
Факультет (інститут) інформаційних технологій Курс І Група ПІ-11
Назва тез «Психологічне, соціальне, духовне, фізичне здоров’я особистості: проблеми та перспективи формування»
Назва секції «Формування здорового образу життя студентів ВНЗ»
Контактний телефон 0991803422 e-mail luznuak.luosua@mail.ru
ПІБ наукового керівника Вирлєєва Марина Аркадіївна

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