...Labeling Theory Labeling theory proposes deviance that socially constructed through reaction instead of action . the labeling theory builds reaction to the blood and crips: made in America movie. The film highlights many causes that lead to the creation of criminal gang. Crips and Bloods consist of a group of African American in southern Los Angeles. The formation of these groups created on the self-hatred legacy among black African Americans. Powerful individual such as police officer, judge, and other law enforcement are useless the ones to impose these labeling. The dominant group in the society creates and apply deviant groups. Once someone is characterized a curtained way it is hard to remove that label. Like in the documentary " blood and crips", Rodney King was the black man who was beaten by Los Angeles...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. Labeling theory A sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants and others engaging in the same behavior are not. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race Racial profiling Scapegoating Theory Minority Group Religion Ethnocentrism Genocide Absolute Deprivation Sexual Orientation Hate Crimes Discrimination Social Distance Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? The only positive if it would be considered one is when you discuss a topic the general belief about it is that the common knowledge of said topic is based on what everyone believes about it. Say how people who mistrust young men dressed in clothes known to be worn by gang members due to the color and styles. There would be the basis of someone stereotyping them into a group as gang bangers or street gangs and...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial group or ethnic minority. Labeling theory The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. This theory was originated by Howard Becker’s work in the 1960s. The labeling theory explains why people’s behavior clashes with societal norms. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Religion All Muslim are terrorists. All Jews are cheap. All Mormons believe in polygamy. Age Children- loud, spoiled, and unintelligent Teens- Selfish, lazy, and unemployed Adults- Work-oriented, bossy, look down on teenagers Disability Emotionally disturbed Crippled Dumb Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? - Stereotyping in the positive aspect could be understood as the way in which people reduce the complexity of the world to a more manageable level. It helps protect our minds from information overload. For this...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Stereotypes |Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual | | |differences into account | |Prejudice |A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority | |Labeling theory |The way in which negative labels get applied and on the consequences of the labeling process | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |Saying someone is a gangster |That black people are fast |All Asians look alike | | |just because they are black. |runners | | |Sexual orientation |All gay people are good dressers|Calling lesbians butch...
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...or may not accurately reflect reality. However, this is only a fundamental psychological definition of a stereotype. Within and across different psychology disciplines, there are different concepts and theories of stereotyping that provide their own expanded definition. Some of these definitions share commonalities, though each one may also harbor unique aspects that may complement or contradict the others.” Source: (1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype Prejudice Definition: (2)”is most often used to refer to preconceived judgments toward people or a person because of gender, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, nationality or other personal characteristics. It can also refer to unfounded beliefs and may include "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence." Gordon All port defined prejudice as a "feeling, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person or thing, prior to, or not based on, actual experience." Source: (2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype Labeling theory Definition: (3) “Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. [2] The theory is concerned with how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling...
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...Labeling theory is the idea that certain kind of people or individuals are perceived or portrayed in the society as different or deviant. Just as every company put a label or a tag on their products, the labeling theory tends to tag certain kind of people as deviant. This labels are given or impose on individuals by the people in authority like the police, judges and even the politicians as drug addicts, prostitutes, criminals etc. since this people have been labeled as such, and they tend to behave as such thereby breaking the social rule and deciding not to follow it. Drawing on the article, “The Saints and The Roughneck”, by Chambliss, the community saw or labeled the Roughnecks as criminals and tough who are heading for trouble. Their assumption concerning the Roughnecks was based on what the community thinks they see and that is because, they were always seen by the community at places in the street of the town and drinking and making fun of girls who walk by. They again consistently be seen arguing with the police. One specific example is when the police picked up some of the roughnecks for stealing, mostly small stuffs of which the community thinks it will lead to big stuff like armed robbery and stuff....
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes When people believe things that may not be true because they assume these things. Prejudice Prejudice is an unfavorable opinion formed beforehand or judgments toward a person because of their color or religion. Labeling theory The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race African American’s are good at basketball. White people tend to have no rhythm. White people are all racist. Religion All Christian’s are good people. Catholic preachers are bad people. Gender Men are more powerful than women. Men are smarter than women. Women learn development skills faster than men. Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? I would say that there are no positive aspects of stereotpyes because stereotyping is an opinion it is not a fact. I might say that they could be positive for me and someone else might think it is a negative comment. For an example, blondes have more fun, this is a positive aspects but it is not necessary...
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...According to the 'Guardian', 52% of university students in UK have part-time jobs to fund their studying an living costs. As this type of job might take up to 35 hours a week, we are going to investigate possible outcomes on social life and academic results. Research made in Australia shows, that students who have part-time jobs are more likely to be happy about many aspects of their lives, especially social ones. However if the biggest part of their free time is occupied with job, do they have to sacrifice their social life in order to keep high grades and be productive at work? Usually, part time jobs does not require deep knowledge or experience, so are students taking these jobs only for financial purposes, or they also have career perspectives in the field/company they are working in part-time? Lastly, have students ever considered leaving their jobs if studying results were decreasing, or maybe they had thoughts to drop- out of university as salary was satisfying enough not to seek further degree? To find out these answers 20 random university students will be surveyed. First, and most common error is stereotyping. Companies loose qualified and skilled workers only because of this kind of unintentional discrimination. Grouping and labeling people according to one of their characteristics can warn managers about incompetent candidate, but also can be a false judgment. In this case we can take very simplistic examples: person having facial piercing is not a suitable...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term | Definition | Stereotypes | The exaggerated and unreliable generalization of a group that does not take individual preferences into account. | Prejudice | A negative attitude toward an entire category of people such as racial group or ethnic minority. | Labeling theory | The view of deviance in which someone being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. This theory originated by Howard Becker’s work in the 1960’s. This theory explains why people’s behavior clashes with societal norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: * Race * Ethnicity * Religion * Gender * Sexual orientation * Age * Disability Category | Stereotype 1 | Stereotype 2 | Stereotype 3 | Religion | Bible hugger | Satan worshipper | Eternally damned | Disability | Check chaser | Stupid | Psycho | Race | Drug dealer | Thief | Bomber | Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: * What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? Are there really positive aspects to stereotyping? I can’t really say for sure. I suppose it may be good to generalize those people that have a “safe feeling” to them. Christians are generally good people and appear to be trustworthy for the most part. Intuition on...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Stereotypes |Stereotypes are qualities assigned to groups of people related to their race, nationality or sexual | | |orientation. | |Prejudice |An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts | |Labeling theory |Deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively | | |label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race |Indians are terrorist |Mexicans are all illegal |Black people are ghetto | | | |immigrants. ...
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...Labelling theory 1. Do you think young people hanging around are engaging in antisocial behaviour? – I think that not all young people engage in anti-social behaviour as not all have the intention of causing trouble when they ‘hang around’ 2. The article above states that people are terrified of the ‘gangs’. Do you think this is a reasonable reaction? Explain your answer. - The reaction towards gangs are partly justified as some gangs cause trouble and have an intention of causing problems however some groups of young people hang round for the sake of it not to intentionally cause trouble. * Is a way of how and why certain acts come to be labelled deviant * Argue not any act is inherently criminal or deviant itself, it only comes when people label it as such * It is not the nature of the act that makes it deviant, but nature of society’s reaction to it Becker (interactionist) someone who has been successfully labelled Moral entrepreneurs – people who lead a moral crusade to change the law in the belief that it will benefit those to whom it is applied. This effects society as it creates a new group of ‘outsiders’ – outlaws or deviants who break the new rule/the creation or expansion of a social control agency (such as the police) to enforce the rule and impose labels on offenders. Not everyone who commits a crime/offensive is labelled, this can be because of their interactions with agencies of social control such as police and courts or their appearance...
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...People living in unequal society especially from the minority social groups can become subject of prejudice. Prejudice is the negative preconceived opinion about an individual that is not based on reason or actual experience. Prejudice includes having negative attitude towards individual or some group of people especially people from minority ethnic group without actual reasons. People are sometimes unwilling to put their prejudice aside or change the attitudes they have and this increase the stereotyped belief towards the individual or the group. For example, some people might have a prejudice view that race, skin colour or culture makes certain people inferior or superior, some people might also think that people of working age and relying or depending on the government benefits are just because they don't any disability that can affect their ability to work, they already have their mind set that people living on benefits are not looking for jobs because they don’t want to work. Even though there are plenty of jobs been advertised on a daily basis. People who are really prejudiced find it difficult to change their mind even if they are clearly given reasons why people are remained unemployed for example their application for different jobs being declined because of lack of experience. Prejudice attitudes are negative and based on unrealistic ideals which increase the rate of inequalities in the society, this can be linked to stereotyping which defines a group as the same...
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...Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Stereotypes Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account Prejudice A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority Labeling theory The act of the majority negatively labeling the minority and influencing them to adhere to the label Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: • Race • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Sexual orientation • Age • Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Gender Women belong in the kitchen Women can’t drive All men love sports Race Blacks are criminals Blacks like living on welfare All Asians are smart Ethnicity Mexicans only come to the U.S. to work on farms Germans hate Jews French people are all snooty Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: • What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? I can’t really think of too many positive aspects, but one positive aspect of stereotypes is that some people listen more and trust what Asians say rather than someone of a different race because they believe that all Asians are smart. Using this knowledge, the media could use Asian people (and men specifically because of the stereotype that they are smarter than women) to get news out about...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix B Part I Define the following terms: Term | Definition | Stereotypes | Stereotypes are unreliable generalizations about allmembers of a group that do not take individual differences into account. | Prejudice | Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people. | Labeling theory | Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. | Part II Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: * Race: Blacks as superstitious, whites as uncaring, and Jews as shrewd. * Ethnicity * Religion: * Gender * Sexual orientation * Age * Disability Category | Stereotype 1 | Stereotype 2 | Stereotype 3 | Race | Blacks as superstitious | Whites as uncaring | Jews as shrewd | Sexual orientation | Homosexual men are potential child molesters | Gay youth commit suicides | Gay guys try to get with all straight men | Religion | Christians are hypocrites | Muslims are polygamists | Jews are stingy | Part III Answer each question in 100 to 150 words related to those stereotypes: * What are the positive aspects of the stereotypes, if any? -There are no positive aspects of a stereotype, in my opinion. The fact that people are categorizing someone based on presumptions...
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...Describe and evaluate one other explanation of criminal/anti-social behaviour. (12) * One other explanation for criminal behaviour is labelling and the self-fulfilling prophecy. Labelling theory states that criminal or anti-social behaviour is a consequence of the application of a criminal label given to the individual by others around them. * This explanation has four main stages. Firstly, a label is assigned to the individual by others around them; such labels are derived from stereotypes. For example, hoody wearers being labelled as troublemakers because of their physical appearance. * Secondly, the labelled individual will be treated according to their label by others around them. For example, if a crime such as graffiti occurs and a hoody wearer is nearby they will be blamed because their label is of a troublemaker. * Thirdly, the labelled individual reacts by starting to believe their assigned label. As a reaction to constantly being treated differently, the hoody wearer starts to believe that they are a bad person. * Finally, this results in the labelled individual behaving in line with the expectations of those around them which confirms the label. For example, the hoody wearer engages in criminal behaviour therefore a self-fulfilling prophecy (SFP) has occurred whereby the label has become true. * One example to illustrate how labelling and the self-fulfilling prophecy occurs is the naming of boys in the Ashanti tribe according to the day of the week...
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