...minutes (4 hours/day). 70% of day care centers use television during a typical day. Dietz WH, Strausburger VC & et al in 1991 study entitled “Children Adolescents and Television” revealed that – American children spend more time in front of TV than at any other activity, with the exception of sleep.8 The same research shows that American children spend an average of 2 & 1/2 to 4 hours per day watching television depending on their age. The amount of time spent by American youth in most investigations was around 3-5 hours /day.8 The Kaiser report found Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2,002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing videogames or using the computer. A Pan-Asian workshop on “Children and Television” held in Sep 1991 in Indonesia reported data from Asia. According to a study conducted in Japan it was shown that the average viewing time varied with children’s age ranging from 2 hours to 2 hours 45 minutes /day. Same range of viewing was found in Malaysia. According to a study done in Pakistan, average...
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...Media Rules Recommendations Name Institution Media Rules Recommendations Children use the digital media in a different way from the adults. Understanding what your child does online is important because the parent can advise them in making sensible choices about media use. The parents have to know media has integrated into the normal life of adolescents. The adolescent uses the media for various reasons,example, learning, communication, and entertainment among others. Teenagers are early adopters of new technologies and devices.Also, they are creators of digital contents that their way in the media. Some of the teens play a role in uploading most of the videos on youtube. The media plays an important part in the lives of the adolescent.The media enables the teens to learn different communication skills, be creative and get peer support (Spengler, Mess&Woll, 2015). However, statistics indicate that a good number of the youths do not use the media in a productive way. This paper discusses the need for the parents to control their teens’ media use.The media if full of sexual content, the abuse of drugs and violent content, which can be harmful to an adolescent. Although the sexual content in the press is detrimental for any age group, the adolescents are the most vulnerable. Researchers have written about the prevalence of the sexual content in the media and the effect it has to the audience. The adolescents are susceptible because they are at a developmental period when sexual...
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...Social Marketing Campaigns and Children’s Media Use Social Marketing Campaigns and Children’s Media Use W. Douglas Evans Summary Media-related commercial marketing aimed at promoting the purchase of products and services by children, and by adults for children, is ubiquitous and has been associated with negative health consequences such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. But, as Douglas Evans points out, not all marketing in the electronic media is confined to the sale of products. Increasingly savvy social marketers have begun to make extensive use of the same techniques and strategies used by commercial marketers to promote healthful behaviors and to counter some of the negative effects of conventional media marketing to children and adolescents. Evans points out that social marketing campaigns have been effective in helping to prevent and control tobacco use, increase physical activity, improve nutrition, and promote condom use, as well as other positive health behaviors. He reviews the evidence from a number of major recent campaigns and programming in the United States and overseas and describes the evaluation and research methods used to determine their effectiveness. He begins his review of the field of social marketing by describing how it uses many of the strategies practiced so successfully in commercial marketing. He notes the recent development of public health brands and the use of branding as a health promotion strategy. He then goes on ...
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...Media and Young Children’s Learning VOL. 18 / NO. 1 / SPRING 2008 39 Media and Young Children’s Learning Heather L. Kirkorian, Ellen A. Wartella, and Daniel R. Anderson Summary Electronic media, particularly television, have long been criticized for their potential impact on children. One area for concern is how early media exposure influences cognitive development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular...
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...JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2000;27S:8–14 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Media and Youth: Access, Exposure, and Privatization DONALD F. ROBERTS, Ph.D. Purpose: To describe U.S. youth’s access and exposure to the full array of media, as well as the social contexts in which media exposure occurs. Methods: A cross-sectional national random sample of 2065 adolescents aged 8 through 18 years, including oversamples of African-American and Hispanic youth, completed questionnaires about use of television, videotapes, movies, computers, video games, radio, compact discs, tape players, books, newspapers, and magazines. Results: U.S. youngsters are immersed in media. Most households contain most media (computers and video game systems are the exception); the majority of youth have their own personal media. The average youth de3 votes 64 h to media; simultaneous use of multiple media increases exposure to 8 h of media messages daily. Overall, media exposure and exposure to individual media vary as a function of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and family socioeconomic level. Television remains the dominant medium. About one-half of the youth sampled uses a computer daily. A substantial proportion of children’s and adolescents’ media use occurs in the absence of parents. Conclusions: American youth devote more time to media than to any other waking activity, as much as one-third of each day. This demands increased parental attention and research into the effects of such...
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...Running head: Sexual Maturation Adolescent Sexual Maturation Rachel Siminski PSY351 December 10, 2012 Abstract Children have a rate of sexual maturation that follows them throughout life; there are physical and mental effects. These changes in an adolescent reflect changing mental states as a result of physical changes. There are more sexual desires, feelings of increased intimacy and a different understanding of their physical body. There are many correlations between the changes of the mind and body, I will also describe theories of you they effect one another. Adolescent Sexual Maturation Adolescence is a challenging period for both children and their parents. Three stages of adolescence - early, middle, and late, are experienced by most teens, but the age at which each stage is reached varies greatly from child to child. These different rates of maturation are connected to physical development and hormone balance, neither of which the child can control. For this reason, adolescents should be treated as individuals and any guidelines should be adapted to the particular child. The biological changes we associate with adolescence actually unfold over a long period of time, beginning with the maturation of the adrenal axis during childhood and ending with the maturation of the gonadal axis in the early 20s (Steinberg, 2011). Piagets Theory and Adolescent Maturity At 15 years of age a teenager is well prepared to understand the risks. According to Jean Piaget...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background to the Study Films, generally, serve as a tool for national integration and development. Major types of film are home video, which develop, until now, from what is formerly known as cinema or stage play/drama. As part of mass media, home videos play the important roles of informing, educating, entertaining and transmitting social heritage. Through their educational role, however, home videos concern themselves with evolving a better society by exposing societal ill and wrongs. Since the emergence of home videos, at the turn of the twenty-first century the films industries, and both male and female actors in Nigeria, Nollywood, have considerably influenced the habits, belief systems, style of dressing and other behavioural idiosyncrasies on many Nigerian youths. Thus, one can say, however, that the emergence of home videos have helped to promote the Nigerian cultural heritage; aside this, it has awaken in many youths the Nigerian culture that was once lost during the colonial period. There are also negative effects of home videos on audiences. However, there have been cases where home videos are criticized to the cause for some societal ills. Social critics, who believes in this school of thought says that some antisocial behaviours like violence and extravagant life that many films portrays in their content perceptibly affect the behavior of the audience. Nonetheless, all these sum up to mean that home videos have both positive...
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...Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth Abstract Music plays an important role in the socialization of children and adolescents. Popular music is present almost everywhere, and it is easily available through the radio, various recordings, the Internet, and new technologies , allowing adolescents to hear it in diverse settings and situations, alone or shared with friends. Parents often are unaware of the lyrics to which their children are listening because of the increasing use of downloaded music and headphones. Research on popular music has explored its effects on schoolwork, social interactions, mood and affect, and particularly behavior. The effect that popular music has on children's and adolescents' behavior and emotions is of paramount concern. Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence over the years, particularly in certain genres. A teenager's preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors. As with popular music, the perception and the effect of music-video messages are important, because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and use of substances of abuse in music videos might produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers. Pediatricians and parents should be aware of this information. Furthermore, with the evidence portrayed in these...
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...Online Addictions: Gaming and Social Networking COM/156 August 18 Online Addictions: Gaming and Social Networking Every year hundreds of people are victims to addiction. People around the world perform several activities like going to work, going to school, socializing (in person or online), gaming, ETC, throughout the course of their day. Some of these people become dependent to these endeavors to the point it becomes a condition that can threaten their welfare. By establishing the concept of addiction, this review will give specific data of two of the many types of addiction that currently exist. Specifically, the focus of the review is geared toward online gaming addiction and online social networking addiction. Thus, giving information pertaining to symptoms and effects these addictions cause on people. Addiction to online networking and online video gaming, impact society as a whole and especially the younger part of society. People suffering from addiction can be helped, and this help may come in the form of information to prevent harm to their life and wellbeing. While addiction comes in different types, understanding the concept of addiction is important to acknowledge the impact in society. Furthermore, it will be established the type of addictions that will be evaluated throughout the course of this review. Common knowledge teaches that addiction is a condition of dependency to a certain “drug”. According to the American Psychological Association (APA) website...
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...The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents ILR 260 National University The emergence of social media has forever changed the way users interact with each other. Facebook became public in September of 2006, when it expanded its membership to any user 13 years and older instead of its exclusive University and High School members (History of Facebook, 2014). Twitter was created in 2006, but did not gain popularity until 2012 (Twitter, 2014). Today, there are many social media sites today, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, etc. With so many options around the world for social media apps, adolescents are being targeted to join these sites and mobile apps. There are many positive aspects of the social media, but there are many negative aspects from the use of social media. What impact is social media having on adolescents? Is the use of social media affecting their ability to form personal relationships or learn valuable communication skills to use later in life? Is social media affecting adolescent’s fragile mental states, causing more mental health issues? Being a teen is hard enough as it is without adding the additional stress that social media is bringing to the table. “Daily excessive use of media and technology has been linked to negative effects on mental health of teens” (Rosen, 2011). Social media has exploded in recent years and continues to grow. According to a clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), from 2006 to 2011 there has been...
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...Children and Obesity Sharletta Guy-Pope SOC490: Social Science Capstone Raqota Berger June 18, 2012 Introduction Due to the growing concern and increase prevalence of childhood obesity around the world the population of children as it relates to childhood obesity indicates that these children will suffer even greater as adults. This increasing concern has become a public health issue and a social issue with children. Furthermore, research shows that the media plays an important role in the current epidemic of childhood obesity, which also has become a social issue with children. The increasing amounts of junk food and fast food advertisements, that target children and adolescents, have an effect on the outcome of their health and nutritional habits; these advertisements shift away from good nutritional practices. Food advertisements that advertise unhealthy foods such as foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol (junk foods) puts children at risk for high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol, both of which causes heart disease later on in life, which are precursors of cardiovascular disease resulting in childhood obesity. Sociocultural Factors Gender Society, culture, and the media send children powerful messages about body weight and shape ideals. For girls; ideas that are stressed in the media include the "thin ideal" and urging to diet and exercise, which can put pressure on girls to be thin, putting them...
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...How TV Affects Your Child Most kids plug into the world of television long before they enter school. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF): * two-thirds of infants and toddlers watch a screen an average of 2 hours a day * kids under age 6 watch an average of about 2 hours of screen media a day, primarily TV and videos or DVDs * kids and teens 8 to 18 years spend nearly 4 hours a day in front of a TV screen and almost 2 additional hours on the computer (outside of schoolwork) and playing video games The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that kids under 2 years old not watch any TV and that those older than 2 watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality programming. The first 2 years of life are considered a critical time for brain development. TV and other electronic media can get in the way of exploring, playing, and interacting with parents and others, which encourages learning and healthy physical and social development. As kids get older, too much screen time can interfere with activities such as being physically active, reading, doing homework, playing with friends, and spending time with family. Of course, TV in moderation can be a good thing: Preschoolers can get help learning the alphabet on public television, grade schoolers can learn about wildlife on nature shows, and parents can keep up with current events on the evening news. No doubt about it — TV can be an excellent educator and entertainer. Still, too much TV can...
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...Project Title Relationship between Watching Violent Movies and Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents Preparatory Stage (Literary) Done By 1. Ahmed Ibrahim 2. Muhammad Subhan 3. Ibtisam Raza Supervised By Musarrat Khan Cell No. 33619928 Email: musaratkhan70@yahoo.com School Email: pss@qatar.net.qa Pak Shamaa School& College, Doha-Qatar. Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure whenever someone accomplishes a something special. No doubt, a number of people are directly or indirectly involved in the process and whose guidance, criticism, motivation, cooperation and support make it possible to reach your destiny. We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us throughout the course of this project. Firstly we would like to thank Mr. Musarrat Khan without whose support this project could not be completed. Next we would like extend our gratitude to all the volunteers and their parents/guardians who generously granted their consent to carry our project. In addition, we wish to thank Madam Nabila Kaukab Principal Pak Shamaa School, who always supported and encouraged us. DEDICATION We dedicate our project to all the volunteers whose cooperation was really exceptional. We also dedicate this paper to our friends and family members who have supported us throughout the process. We wish to dedicate our work to all our teachers and technicians who render great services to educate and train the youth Table of Contents Abstract...
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...Project Title Relationship between Watching Violent Movies and Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents Preparatory Stage (Literary) Done By 1. Ahmed Ibrahim 2. Muhammad Subhan 3. Ibtisam Raza Supervised By Musarrat Khan Cell No. 33619928 Email: musaratkhan70@yahoo.com School Email: pss@qatar.net.qa Pak Shamaa School& College, Doha-Qatar. Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure whenever someone accomplishes a something special. No doubt, a number of people are directly or indirectly involved in the process and whose guidance, criticism, motivation, cooperation and support make it possible to reach your destiny. We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us throughout the course of this project. Firstly we would like to thank Mr. Musarrat Khan without whose support this project could not be completed. Next we would like extend our gratitude to all the volunteers and their parents/guardians who generously granted their consent to carry our project. In addition, we wish to thank Madam Nabila Kaukab Principal Pak Shamaa School, who always supported and encouraged us. DEDICATION We dedicate our project to all the volunteers whose cooperation was really exceptional. We also dedicate this paper to our friends and family members who have supported us throughout the process. We wish to dedicate our work to all our teachers and technicians who render great services to educate and train the youth Table of Contents Abstract...
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...Media Violence – Friend or Foe Denise Zurawski Ashford University Media Violence – Friend or Foe Psychologists are concerned regarding the amount of violent behavior that children and even adolescents watch in their own homes through TV programs, video and computer games, even the music that they listen to. Children as well as adolescents are susceptible to these acts of violence that they witness, believing that this is the way of the world. Too much violence in a show or movie may have them believing that such behavior is acceptable and even normal. Observing too much violence in any form can have children as well as adolescents believing that this is a precise interpretation of real life. The American Academy of Pediatrics notes that “American children between 2 and 18 years of age spend an average of 6 hours and 32 minutes each day using media (television, commercial or self-recorded video, movies, video games, print, radio, recorded music, computer, and the internet)” (Media Violence, 2001). A significant part of this media disclosure includes acts of violence, which if believed, could very well be acted out by our youths. Research has shown that when children watch media violence, especially if the characters (the bad guys) are portrayed as attractive and not held accountable for their actions, children may be adversely affected, and act out the aggressive behavior seen on TV. As stated in one article the authors note, For decades, researchers have studied...
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