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Social Networking

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Naparami sa panahon ngayon ang may account sa mga social networking site.Mga pinaka-sikat na libangan ng pinoy ngayon ngunit hindi lang maganda ang naidudulot nito sa atin dahil sa pag-unlad ng teknolohiya sa panahon natin ay rumarami rin ang paraan ng tao na manira ng kanilang kapwa tao. Sa katunayan napakaraming highschool student o teenager ang may mga ganito dahil sinasabi na " IN " ka pag mag ganito ka kaya napakaraming bata ang nahuhumaling na gumawa nito dahil napapadali nga naman ang komunikasyon ng mga tao at easy access nga naman at wala kang babayaran, ngunit dahil rin dito marami ang nasisira, halimbawa na lang nito ay ang pagpopost ng kung anu-anong kasiraan ng tao o kaya mga malalswang panuorin at minsan ay dito pa nagbabangayan ang mga estudyanteng may alitan.Sa mga estudyante ang nagiging epekto nito ay malaki dahil hindi na lang sa school ginagawa ang BULLY pati na rin sa social networking site katulad ng pangblablackmail ginagawa na rin dito upang makasira lang ng bata at nandiyan rin ang panghihingi ng ibang bata ng pera sa binubully nila at meron rin na ang iba ay sinisiraan ang isang bata na may tendencing mabasa ng iba ang mga mapanirang pahayag na dahilan na maapektuhan ito dahil nga bilang teenager madalas magtago ng sikreto ito sa mga magulang at minsan naaapektuhan rin ang emosyon at kilos ng teenager na nabubully sa social networking site. Marami ang mga negatibong dulot ng pag-unlad ng teknolohiya sa ating bansa katulad nga ng pangbubully sa social networking site na nararanasan ng ibang bata sa ating bansa na napakahirap talaga sugpuin dahil hindi naman natin kapit ang isipan ng ibang bata pero alam naman nating lahat na isang probleman ay may sulosyon kaya sa mga magulang ay dapat gabayan natin ang ating mga anak sa paggamit ng SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE

Source: http://disadvantge.blogspot.com/

Layunin
Ang pamanahong papel na ito ay may layong ilahad ang papel na ginagampanan ng konetekstong moral at kaugaliang Pilipino sa pagtangkilik ng mga Pilipino sa mga Social Networking Sites (SNS). Nais ding ilahad ng mga mananaliksik ang epekto, kabilang na ang adbentahe at disadbentahe ng paggamit ng SNS.

Panimula

Ayon sa tala, mayroon humigit kumulang 45 pangunahing SNS ang aktibong sinasalihan ng mga mamamayan ng mundo ngayon. Ang mga SNS na ito ay may pagkakaiba base sa teknolohikal na katangian, kultura na namumuo sa SNS, interes, gawain at pananaw ng mga miyembro, at serbisyong pang-komunikasyon.

Ang Pilipino ay isa sa mga lahing tumatangkilik ng mga SNS at gumagamit ng mga serbisyo nito. Kaugnay ng paggamit nila ng SNS ang kanilang moralidad at mga kaugalian na nabuo sa paglipas ng panahon. Makikita ang mga markang Pilipino na ito sa kanilang mga dahilan ng paggamit ng SNS.

I. Mga Kaugnay na Babasahin
Ano ang Social Networking Site?

Ang mga social networking sites ay mga serbisyong web-based na pinahihintulutan ang mga indibidwal na gumawa ng pribado o pampublikong profayl sa loob ng sistema; pinahihintulutan ang mga gumagamit na makita ang listahan ng kanilang mga koneksyon at makita ang mga ginagawa ng iba pang tagatangkilik ng sistema (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). Ang social networking ay nakasentro sa pagbuo ng komunidad na onlayn ng mga miyembro na may pareho-parehong interes at gawain (Wikipedia, 2008). Ito ay kung saan ang isang tao ay gumagamit ng mga kontak upang makakilala ng mga bagong kaibigan bilang potensyal na koneksyon sa negosyo o social life. Ang mga koneksyong ito ay makatutulong upang mapalawak pa ang mga koneksyong mabubuo pa sa hinaharap (Bax, n.d.; MacEntee, 2007; Glaser, 2007).

Kasaysayan ng Social Networking Sites

Nagsimula ang mga social networking sites (SNS) noong 1997 sa pagkakalunsad ng SixDegrees.com (Wikipedia, 2008). Mula 1997 hanggang 2001, nabuo ang ilan pang SNS tulad ng AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet, MiGente, LiveJournal, Cyworld at Ryze.com. Matapos ang 2001, marami pang nailunsad na mga SNS at ilan sa mga ito ay popular hanggang ngayon tulad ng Friendster, Multiply at Facebook (Boyd & Ellison, 2007) (Sumangguni sa dayagram 1).

Ang mga komersyal na serbisyong onlayn ay nagsilbing akses at dahilan upang gumamit ng internet. Sa pag-abot nila sa kanilang tugatog, ang populasyon ng computer users ay tumaas ng lubos (McConnell, 2008). Hindi nagpapahuli ang mga Pilipino sa trend na ito at sa kasalukuyan ang Pilipinas ang may pinakamaraming tagatangkilik ng Friendster sa buong mundo (Yazon, 2007).
Dayagram 1. Timeline ng Paglulunsad ng mga Pangunahing SNS

2 Uri ng Social Networking Sites

May dalawang uri ng SNS – tradisyunal at ispesyal. Ang mga tradisyunal na SNS ay karaniwang bukas sa lahat ng tao at may libreng “membership”. Layunin nito ang pakikipagkaibigan, paghahanap ng affiliates at iba pa. Ilan sa mga halimbawa ng tradisyunal na SNS ay Friendster, Multiply at Facebook. Samantala, ang mga ispesyalti SNS ay may natatanging layon. Tulad ng isang online dating site, kung saan ang mga gumagamit nito ay mga taong naghahanap ng kapareha sa buhay pagdating sa personal na relasyon (Hinango Enero 2009, http://www.scribd.com/doc/6066857/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-dating-social-networking-sites; Pebrero 2009, http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/). Isa pang halimbawa ng isang ispesyalti SNS ay ang LinkedIn na ginagamit naman ng mga negosyante at entrepreneur (Wikipedia, 2008; Glaser, 2007).

Kontekstong Moral at Kaugalian ng mga Pilipino kaugnay sa Paggamit ng SNS

Ang moralidad ang tumutukoy kung ano ang karapat-dapat, ang wastong pasya, ang mabuting gawin o ang tamang plano (Eliab, B.S., 2004). Ang mga kaugalian naman ay hinahango sa moral na paniniwala ng isang lahi (kung ano ang pinaniniwalaan nilang tama o mali) (Hinango Enero 2009, http://www.angelfire.com/fl5/ecstacyX/freedom_culture.html) at kultura na tumutukoy sa katauhan ng mga Pilipino (Gorospe, n.d.; Wikipedia, 2009).
Halimbawa ng isang moral na pananaw o norm sa Pilipinas ay ang “group-thinking” o “group-centeredness”. Ang grupo kung saan kabilang ang isang indibidwal ang nagpapasiya kung ano ang tama at mali. Ito ay dahil sa hindi pa sapat ang moral independence at maturity ng indibidwal (Gorospe, V.R., 2007; Demetrio III, 2001). Dahil sa mga moral na ito ay nabuo ang mga kaugaliang Pilipino tulad ng pagpapahalaga sa pamilya, paggamit ng “po” at “opo” bilang paggalang, pagtanaw ng utang na loob, pakikisama, bayanihan, delicadeza (pagkilos ng tama at nasa lugar), at paniniwala sa Diyos (Gorospe, n.d.; Hinango Pebrero 2009, http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/history/394795-1.html; Wikipedia, 2009).

Ayon kay Peter Pezaris (2008), Pangulo at Founder ng Multiply, sa isang panayam sa abs-cbnNews.com, ang pagpapahalaga ng mga Pilipino sa pamilya at relasyon ang pangunahing dahilan ng paggamit nila ng SNS (Dizon, 2008). Pinahayag din ni Carmen Leilani De Jesus (2007) sa kanyang “blog” na kaya patok ang Friendster sa mga Pilipino ay dahil sa moral na paniniwala na ang pakikipagkaibigan at ang mga kakilala mo ay mas mahalaga kaysa sa salapi (Maderazo, 2007).
Adbentahe at Disadbentahe ng Paggamit ng mga SNS
Ang mga adbentahe na nakatala sa dayagram 2 ang karaniwang nilalayon ng mga tagapagtangkilik ng mga SNS. Sa moral na aspeto, ang paggamit nito ay maaring maidulot ng kagustuhang mapanatili ang koneksyon sa pamilya, buhayin (sa pamamagitan ng trabaho) at mapanatili ang relasyon ng pamilya at ng significant others (Dizon, 2008). Ngunit ang paggamit nito ay may kaakibat na mga disadbentahe na maaring maidulot ng ibang tagapagtangkilik ng sistema o ng sarili dahil sa malabisang paggamit nito at paglalahad ng maselang personal na impormasyon (MacEntee, 2007).

“Social Networking”
Adbentahe
Paglalahad ng personal na impormasyon
Kailangang maghanap ng oportunidad
Madaling gamitin
Matipid na paraan ng pag-aadbertisa
Mabisang paraan ng pag-aadbertisa
Mas madaling mapanatili ang komunikasyon
Walang oras ng pagsasara
Madaling maghanap ng mga kontak
Mabisang panawag atensyon
Makakikilala ng taong pareho ang interes
Mas madaling makipag-usap sa isang grupo
Makabubuo ng isang malawak na network
Maaaring magbigay ng oportunidad sa trabaho
Mabisang paraan ng paglalahad
Mabisang instrumento ng komunikasyon
Nakikinabang ang nakipagkilala at nakilala
Maaaring makapagbigay ng bagong insayt
Disadbentahe
May bayad ang ibang SNS
Maaaring mali ang impormasyong makuha
Maaaring peke ang profayl ng isang tao
Mahirap magtiwala
Maaaring magamit kahit sa pinagtatrabahuhan
Umaasa sa elektronik na komunikasyon
Maaring makakuha ng ideya sa mga “blogs”
Dayagram 2. Mga Adbentahe at Disadbentahe ng Paggamit ng mga SNS[1]

II. Paglalahad ng Sariling Pag-aaral

a. Metodo

Sa pangangalap ng datos, ang mga mananaliksik ay gumamit ng onlayn na sanggunian, mga aklat at panayam. Gumamit ng talatanungan ang mga mananaliksik na may mga katanungang naaangkop sa paksa tulad ng: “Kung ibabase sa kontekstong moral at kaugaliang Pilipino tulad ng ugnayang pampamilya, ano sa inyong pananaw ang mga dahilan at salik na maaaring magdulot ng kanilang paggamit ng mga social networking sites?” at “Bakit patok ang social networking sa mga Pilipino?”

Kinapanayam ng mga mananaliksik si Bb. Ember Cruz na isang national volunteering program officer sa organisasyong Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO). Siya ay nakapagtapos ng kursong Sikolohiya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas at isang miyembro ng Facebook. Kinapanayam din ng pangkat si Gng. Veronica Tolentino na kasalukuyang nagtatrabaho sa ABS-CBN Foundation bilang isang human resources manager. Siya ay nakapagtapos sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas taong 1984 sa kursong Behavioral Science. Siya ay isang aktibong miyembro ng LinkedIn, isang SNS.

b. Presentasyon, Interpretasyon at Pagsusuri ng Datos
1. Ano ang isang social networking site (SNS)?

Cruz: “Ang isang SNS ay isang malawakang instrumento ng komunikasyon.”
Tolentino: “Ang mga SNS ay isang uri ng komunikasyon na gumagamit ng makabagong teknolohiya.”

Ang depinisyon ni Bb. Cruz at Gng. Tolentino ng isang SNS ay magkalapit dahil sa pagtukoy nila rito bilang isang instrumento ng komunikasyon. Ngunit ayon sa aming nakalap na datos, ito ay nakasentro sa pagbuo ng komunidad. Mapapansin natin na sa pananaw ng mga user tulad ng aming mga nakapanayam, ang kanilang pangunahing dahilan sa paggamit nito ay bilang isang instrumento ng komunikasyon at hindi sa pagbuo ng komunidad.
2. Ano sa inyong palagay ang epekto ng malawakang paggamit ng mga Pilipino ng SNS?

Cruz: “Ito ay nagdudulot ng mabilis at madaling palitan ng impormasyon at mabilisang pagresponde sa mga pangangailangan ng mga taong nangangailangan.”
Tolentino: “Ang malawakang paggamit ng mga Pilipino sa mga SNS ay nagdudulot ng bagong ugnayan sa pagitan ng dalawang tao kahit na sila ay nasa magkaibang bansa at napalalawak ang kaalaman ukol sa gawi, kultura, at pananaw ng iba’t ibang lahi.”

Ayon sa pahayag ni Bb. Cruz, na sinabi sa pananaw ng isang volunteer, ang mga SNS ang magsisilbing daan upang maparating ang mga daing ng tulong sa mga nakakaangat sa buhay. Samantala para kay Gng. Tolentino, ito ay isang paraan upang matuto at mapanatili ang isang ugnayan na maaaring masira dahil sa distansya o kawalan ng personal na komunikasyon. Ayon naman sa aming nakalap na impormasyon ang malawakang paggamit nito ay makatutulong sa pagpapalawak pa ng mga koneksyon. Makikita sa tatlong puntong nabanggit na hindi lang iisa ang epekto ng malawakang paggamit ng mga SNS at na nakasalalay sa karanasan at estado ng isang tao ang nakikita niyang epekto nito.

3. Kung ibabase sa kontekstong moral at kaugaliang Pilipino tulad ng ugnayang pamilya (family ties), ano sa inyong pananaw ang mga dahilan at salik na magdudulot ng kanilang paggamit ng mga SNS?

Cruz: “Magiging madali para sa mga tao ang pagpapaalam sa mga kaanak ng mga pangyayari sa kanilang buhay.”
Tolentino: “Sa kaugaliang Pilipino, napakahalaga ng palagiang pakikipag-usap o ng komunikasyon upang mapagtibay nang husto ang ugnayang pampamilya o family ties. Ito ay makakatulong sa aspetong pampamilya, lalo na kung ang isa o ilang miyembro ng pamilya ay nasa ibang lugar o bansa.”

Ayon kina Bb. Cruz at Gng. Tolentino, ang kagustuhan o nais ng isang tao na makipag-usap sa kanyang pamilya o kamag-anak ang maaring magtulak sa kanya upang gumamit ng isang SNS. Naipatag na rin ang konsepto na ang isang tao ay isang sosyal na nilalang na nagpapakita ng kanilang pangangailangan na makipagusap. Umaakma rin ito sa nakalap naming impormasyon kung saan nakasaad na mas pinahahalagahan ng mga Pilipino ang pamilya kaysa sa isang dayuhan.

4. Bakit patok ang social networking sa mga Pilipino?

Cruz: “Patok ito dahil sa maraming Pilipino ang literate o kahit papaano ay marunong magbasa o sumulat.”
Tolentino: “Patok ang social networking sa mga Pilipino sa kadahilanang ang kultura natin ay nagbibigay halaga sa komunikasyon, pagkakaibigan, at pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga kapamilya, kaibigan, kamag-anak at iba pa.”

Naniniwala si Bb. Cruz na ang mga Pilipino ay gumagamit ng mga SNS dahil sa ito’y kaya nilang gamitin. Sa kanyang pananaw ang hindi marunong magbasa o sumulat ay hindi magsasaya sa isang SNS. Sa kabilang banda ayon kay Gng. Tolentino, kaugnay ng kanyang mga naunang sagot, patok ang SNS dahil sa ito ay instrumento ng komunikasyon at lubhang napakahalaga ng pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga Pilipino.

5. Anu-ano ang mga isyung panlipunan ang mga umuusbong sa paggamit ng mga Pilipino sa mga SNS?

Cruz: “May limang isyung panlipunan ang ang naidudulot ng mga SNS. Ang pagkawala ng privacy ng isang tao, pagkawala ng seguridad (exploitation), paglaganap ng piracy o pamimirata, pagkakaroon ng tinaguriang anti-social behavior dahil sa paggugol ng panahon sa harap ng isang kompyuter at hindi sa pakikihalubilo at ang huli ay ang pagiging sagabal nito sa trabaho partikular sa mga lugar na may internet access.”
Tolentino: “Karaniwang isyung pampamilya ang umuusbong sa paggamit ng mga Pilipino sa mga social networking sites. Ang mga kabataan ay sobra ang oras na ginugugol dito at minsan ay nakakaapekto ito sa kanilang pag-aaral. Isa pa, kung walang kontrol sa paggamit nito, may mga bagay na nababasa o nakakasalamuha ang mga kabataan na nakakaapekto sa aspetong moralidad.”

Sa aming panayam kay Bb. Cruz, nagbigay siya ng limang pangkasalukuyang suliranin na ayon sa kanya ay hindi naman direktang nagmumula sa SNS ngunit tumutulong ang mga SNS sa pagpapalaganap ng mga ito. Ayon naman kay Gng. Tolentino, ang sobrang paggamit nito ay maaring makaapekto sa personal at sosyal na pamumuhay, pati na rin sa pagiisip. Ilan sa mga disadbentaheng nakita namin tulad ng masyadong pag-asa sa elektronik na komunikasyon ay maaaring iugnay rito.

6. Sa kabuuan, nakabubuti ba ang social networking at ang paggamit nito sa mga Pilipino at kaugaliang Pilipino?
Cruz: “Naniniwala ako na ang mga SNS kapag ginamit sa mabuting paraan ay makakabuti at kung gagamitin naman sa masama ay makakasama.”
Tolentino: “Sa aking palagay may maidudulot na mabuti sa kaugaliang Pilipino ang mga SNS at lalo pa nitong mapapagtibay ang mga kaugaliang ito lalo na sa panahong ito kung saan laganap ang pangingibang bansa ng mga miyembro ng isang pamilya.”

Ayon sa pahayag ni Bb. Cruz, ang patutunguhan ng SNS ay nakasalalay sa mga gumagamit nito. Samantalang naniniwala naman si Gng. Tolentino na mabuti ang maidudulot nito sa panahon ngayon dahil mapananatili nito ang isang ugnayan. Binigyang pansin ni Bb. Cruz ang kabuuan ng usapin samantalang sinentro ni Gng. Tolentino ang kanyang pahayag sa pampamilyang aspeto.

II. A. Kongklusyon

Ayon sa panayam at nakalap na impormasyon ng mga mananaliksik, ang SNS ay isang instrumento. Iba-iba ang depinisyon at gamit natin dito. Ito ay maaaring makasama o makabuti sa iba’t ibang aspeto ng buhay. At ang magdidikta kung ano ang kalalabasan ng paggamit nito, kung masama man o mabuti, ay ang taong tumatangkilik nito. Ang paggamit nito ay maaaring pangunahan ng mga moral at kaugalian ng isang tao ngunit minsan bumabaliktad ang sitwasyon at pinangungunahan ng paggamit ang moralidad. Sa oras na mauna ang paggamit sa moralidad, magdudulot ito ng mga isyu na makaaapekto sa lipunan o sa pamilya. Ang mga isyu ang siyang sumisira sa moralidad at kaugalian ng mga Pilipino at sa pagdami ng mga tagatangkilik ng mga SNS ay lumalaki rin ang pagkakataon na mabago ang mga mabuting kaugalian dahil sa impluwensya ng makabagong teknolohiya. Isang halimbawa nito ang paggugol ng oras sa harap ng isang kompyuter sa halip ng isang tao at dahil roon ay nababawasan ang kanyang kakayahan sa pakikihalubilo ng harapan. Isa pang halimbawa ang pagiging hadlang nito sa mga gawain. Ang mga SNS sa kabila ng kanilang mga gamit ay maaari ring maituring bilang isang libangan para mabawasan ang pagkahapo sa pamamagitan ng pakikipagusap at paglalahad ng mga problema. Kung ang paggamit nito ay hindi malilimitahan, ito ay maaaring magsilbing isang distraksyon sa trabaho o sa isang importanteng gawain. Sa kabuuan, ang kahihinatnan ng isang SNS ay nakasalalay sa taong gumagamit nito at kung pano niya ito gagamitin ayon sa kanyang moralidad.

Ang SNS ay isang bagay, at ang isang bagay na ginagamit sa mabuti ay makabubuti, samantala kung ito ay gagamitin sa masama ito ay makasasama.

B. Rekomendasyon

Ang paggamit ng SNS ay may dalawang panig, isa ay ang positibo na siyang nagdadala ng mga benepisyo sa buhay ng isang Pilipino at ang ikalawa naman ay ang negatibo na nagdadala naman ng mga isyung nakasisira sa isang paninindigan o paniniwala tulad ng moralidad. Upang maiwasan ang pagkasira ng ugaling Pilipino o ang mga isyu na pinagmumulan ng lumot sa mga kaugaliang Pilipino, ayon sa pag-aaral ng mga mananaliksik, kanilang inirerekomenda sa mga mambabasa na alamin ang kulturang Pilipino at ang pinagmulan nito. Sa pamamagitan ng karagdagang kaalaman na iyon, ay posibleng mas lalo pang mapagtibay sa susunod na henerasyon ang mga mabubuting gawi at paniniwala ng mga Pilipino. Inirerekomenda rin ng mga mananaliksik na limitahan ang paggamit ng mga SNS at buksan ang mga filter na siyang nagsasala ng laman ng mga profayl. Sa pamamagitan ng mga paraan na ito ay mababawasan ang pagkakataon na maistorbo sa gawain, trabaho o pag-aaral at makakita ang kabataan ng letrato o impormasyon na hindi nararapat sa kanilang edad. Para naman sa isyu ng seguridad at pagkawala ng privacy inirerekomenda ng mga mananaliksik na limitahan ang personal na impormasyon na inilalagay sa isang profayl sa SNS. Sa pamamagitan ng pagtatago ng maselang impormasyon, hindi ito magagamit laban sa may ari ng nasabing profayl. Ang mga hakbang na ito ay maaaring magkapagbawas ng mga isyu na naidudulot ng malabisang paggamit nito at upang mas maging epektibo ang prosesong ito inirerekomenda ng mga mananaliksik na humingi ng tulong sa mga magulang, propesor at awtoridad.

III. C. Bibliograpiya

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McConnell, Brian (2008). Social Networks, from the 80s to the 00s. Hinango Enero 02, 2009 mula sa http://gigaom.com/2008/01/20/social-networks-from-the-80s-to-the-00s/ November is Filipino Values Month. Hinango Pebrero 23, 2009 mula sa http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/history/394795-1.html Pastores, Kai (2009). The Facebook Factor. Hinango Marso 05, 2009 mula sa http://kayanatin.com/blogs/the-facebook-factor/ Poblete, Melanie. Advantages of Social Networking Sites. Hinango Disyembre 15, 2008 mula sa http://advertising.superpages.com/learning/advantages-of-social-networking-websites.shtml Social Networking Sites: Should You Join?. Hinango Enero 17, 2009 mula sa http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/Should_You_Join_.html Wikipedia (2008). History of Social Networking Services. Hinango Enero 02, 2009 mula sa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_service Yahoo! Disadvantages of Social Networking. Hinango Enero 02, 2009 mula sa answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080109063751AAI4iFj Yazon, Giovanni (2007). Social Networking to the Higher Level. Hinango Marso 1, 2009 mula sa http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=goodLife6_mar31_2007 [1]Hinango mula sa: http://advertising.superpages.com/learning/advantages-of-social-networking-websites.shtml, http://ezinearticles.com/?Social-Networking-Advantages&id=618177, http://www.jobbankusa.com/CareerArticles/Networking/Advantages_And_Disadvantages_Of_Networking.html, http://www.smemon.com/social-networking-advantages-and-disadvantages/, at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_service

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