...Background of psychology Psychology has brief history as a scientific discipline though it has been studied since ancient time under the faculty of philosophy. The word psychology was derived from Greek word 'psyche' and 'logos' literal meaning of which was 'soul' and 'study' respectively. The definition of psychology had ever been in the process of change since then. The development of psychology can broadly be traced into four periods: Ancient Greek period, per-modern period, modern period and current status 1. Greek period: Greek philosophers had contributed much for the development of psychology. Some of the key contributors were Socrates was interested in studying the reincarnation of soul. Soul or mind was considered as the representation of individuals. Plato, a bright student of Socrates expanded Socrates concepts in philosophy about life and soul. It was Aristotle who wrote first book in psychology called Para Psyche; about the mind or soul. In the book, he introduced the basic ideas in psychology today, like law of association. However, the notion of psychology was primarily related to study of soul or mind at that stage. Later on it was found that physical existence of soul was doubtful. Also, there was controversy in defining soul and mind among the philosopher. The contributors of the period never focused on the behavior of individual. That is why the attention was diverted from the study of soul or mind 2. Pre-modern period it was during 1800's that psychology was established...
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...What is Psychology? Psychology is considered as a boring subject or something which would definitely make one a "psycho-case"...One of my freind gave a comment,"Psychology is the science of madness and it does not contribute any positive effort towards the society!" I think she was not wrong, just because she did not know what Psychology is..Let's read this article and we all will get to know about this boring subject. Definition of PSYCHOLOGY: Science is a complete body of knowledge arranged in a systematic order. Psychology is a biological science which deals with the behaviour and minds of animals and human beings, both. It was derived from two Greek words; psyche: 'soul' and logos which means to talk. So the literal meaning of Psychology is: to talk about soul. Historical background of PSYCHOLOGY: Earlier psychology was a part of Philosophy. It was never considered to be a science. Four hundred years ago, a Greek Philosopher PLATO, studied life. In his theories, life and soul are said to be the beginning of Psychology. Morgan, a Philosopher said, "Psychology is the scientific study of activites of an individual." Boring, another Philosopher said: "Psychology is the study of human nature." Then, Robbinson said: "Psychology is the science of human and animal behaviour." According to Aristotle: "Psychology is the science of soul." Titchner, rejecting this view said: "Psychology is the science of mind." Welhelm, then said: "Psychology is the science of consciousness. "J...
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...Social Psychology PSY/400 Jamie Enright December, 3 2012 Leslie Binnix Social psychology is not a very old practice. In fact, it started after World War II. The unfortunate incident with the Holocaust made researchers want to study the effects of social influence, conformity and obedience because of how badly those groups of individuals were treated. Social psychology is the study of how we, as human beings relate to one another. It is the study of how we interact, how we think, and how feel towards actual individuals that are similar and those that are different from us as well. It makes us ask ourselves questions that we have wanted to know about ourselves. Individuals as a whole want to know other aspects or contributions that make them unique and by researching or studying other individuals, they are able to acquire that different perspective. It also helps one to see/view and affect another individual whether it is in a positive way or not. It also would show how different individuals’ attitudes or behaviors affect another depending on their environment. There are many different psychologies out there that deal with some of the same aspects as social psychology, however, there are really three different types of psychology that social psychology has a very close relation to. One of which is sociology. Sociology deals with people that are in large groups and/or people in different societies. The difference is social psychology has to do with how an...
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...What Is Psychology? When you hear the word psychology, what comes to mind? While psychology is a popular subject, a lot of people are not aware of the many elements of this broad and fascinating subject. Learn about the early history of psychology, the official beginning of psychology and more about psychology today. What Are the Four Major Goals of Psychology? * Question: What Are the Four Major Goals of Psychology? Answer: Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. While you might understand what psychology is, many people are not quite so certain about what psychology does. What purpose does psychology serve? What are its goals? The four key goals of psychology are: To Describe One of the first goals of psychology is simply to describe behavior. Through describing the behavior of humans and other animals, we are better able to understand it and gain a better perspective on what is considered normal and abnormal. Psychology researchers utilize a range of research methods to help describe behavior including naturalistic observation, case studies, correlational studies, surveys, and self-report inventories. To Explain As you might imagine, psychologists are also interested in explaining behavior in addition to merely describing it. Why do people do the things they do? What factors contribute to development, personality, social behavior, and mental health problems? Throughout psychology's history, many different theories have emerged to help explain...
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...Science (65,836) »Psychology and Psychiatry (3,569) by shazwellyn 1,094 Followers Psychology 101, What Are The Historical Perspectives In Psychology? In this Psychology 101 article, we ask what are the historical perspectives in psychology? Now, this question provokes a thesis on its own, but here we evaluate specific times of extraordinary turning points leading to where we are today. We are all psychologists in our own right. We have the innate ability to draw conclusions by watching the behaviours of others. So, where, whom and what legitimizes psychology as a science and how did we arrive there? It is through history, that we have built and drawn from our own evaluations as a species. So, what is psychology? Psychology Definition As this is a psychology 101 based article, as always, we will start by providing a ‘working definition’ of psychology as a term: ‘Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour of humans and animals.’ Psychologists concentrate on what is observable and measurable in a person’s behaviour. This includes the biological processes in the body, although, the mind is central to the subject. ψ - This is the Greek letter pronounced as 'Sigh' and spelled as 'Psi'. It is now used as the International symbol of Psychology. Psychologists think it is important to be scientific in their study. This is to avoid confused thinking. What Is Psychology? We have covered the centralised theme around psychology with the above...
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...eBook Psychology Myers 7th Edition PDF at Our Huge Library PSYCHOLOGY MYERS 7TH EDITION PDF ==> Download: PSYCHOLOGY MYERS 7TH EDITION PDF PSYCHOLOGY MYERS 7TH EDITION PDF - Are you searching for Psychology Myers 7th Edition Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time Psychology Myers 7th Edition PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find Psychology Myers 7th Edition PDF or just found any kind of Books for your readings everyday. You could find and download any of books you like and save it into your disk without any problem at all. We also provide a lot of books, user manual, or guidebook that related to Psychology Myers 7th Edition PDF, such as; - Experimental Psychology Seventh Edition - Social Psychology Myers 7th Edition free Ebooks download - EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 7th Edition in Modules David Myers - Psychology By David G Myers 7th Edition Online Pdf - Exploring Psychology 7th Edition David Myers Learning - Psychology Myers 10th Edition mybooklibraryCom - EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY Personality Model of Mind The - EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 7th Edition David Myers Emotions - EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY 7th Edition in Modules David Myers - Psychology David Myers 10th Edition Study Guide - Part 1 Psychology 8 Edition by David Myers Prologue and - myers exploring psychology memory chapter Bing - Experimental Psychology Seventh Edition - myers introduction to psychology Bing - psychology myers 7th edition Bing PDF Downloads Blog - Health Psychology 7th...
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...Chapter 1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental...
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...Foundations of Psychology Foundations of Psychology Psychology is an advanced study of human behavior, involving the mind and science. The ultimate goal is to understand humanity; however, many proposals have been rejected while some agreed upon. Psychology has not been an easy subject to understand fully or comprehend. Debates started when psychology established a subject different than biology or philosophy. The debate was to properly explain human behavior and the human mind. Many theories began to emerge, while others questioned the reliability and sources of the theorist. Many schools of thought have been created to teach and establish an understanding of the concepts involved (Psychology, 2003). Major Schools of Thought in Psychology Structuralism is the first school of thought created that is the most general. The concept is to break down the mental processes into the most basic concepts. Next functionalism was created from the concept of structuralism; it was formed to create a reaction to structuralism. Behaviorism was the next concept created in the 1950s. Behaviorism was based upon the environment and how the external environment has power over internal sources. Behaviorism is also constructed of observable behavior, the theories involved included classical conditioning and operant condition. Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, which is the psychodynamic theory that addresses the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Freud believed that...
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...The Field of Psychology We humans are a strange species and our behavior is often inconsistent. Some of us smile when we're angry, others cry when we're happy. And all of us expect other people to figure out what in the world we are thinking. Not only are we different from other species, we're radically different from each other. Thankfully, our differences can be examined more easily through the lens of psychology—the science that tells us how the mind, brain, and body work together. This lesson introduces you to the field of psychology—its origins, history, key perspectives, research methods, issues, and current trends. This lesson presents the following topics: • What is Psychology? • The History of Psychology • Modern Psychology Perspectives • Types of Psychological Professionals • The Science of Psychology • Ethics of Psychological Research What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. • Behavior includes outward or obvious actions or reactions such as facial expressions or movement. These actions and reactions are sometimes referred to as body language. John wants to ask Susan for a date, and Susan wants him to ask her out. John worked up his courage, was about to ask her out when he walked by her desk, but Susan looked up with a frown on her face. Assuming that she was frowning at him, John walked quickly back to his own office. Susan, who had a horrible sinus...
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...Social Psychology Jesse Muerte Psych 555 Social Psychology Feburary 24, 2014 University of Phoenix Gary Mccullough Social Psychology Social psychology is about understanding individuals through scientific studies to see how they think, what influences their emotions and behaviors, as well as how they ultimately relate to one another. The key characteristics are defined in four ways; broad scope, cultural mandate, scientific methods, and search for wisdom. This paper expresses the concept of situationism, as well as the five core social motives in social psychology beginning with defining what social psychology is. Definition of social psychology According to its definition social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another (Myers, 2002). Social psychology seeks to to understand individuals as a person, and how they interact with others in a social situation, or in society in general. Social psychology seeks to both understand and define social behaviors, what triggers people to do what they do. Within social psychology, their two types of processes, which shape all sorts of behavioral attributes, are known as social and cognitive processes. These processes are what help aid psychologists in understanding why people act a certain way, which explains further into the events that have been taken to make the person the way they are. Social psychology helps us take these factors and comprehend these actions,...
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...Examining Clinical Psychology The complexity of human behavior, thoughts, and emotions have been an area of intrigue for centuries. Dating back to early Greek thinkers and philosophers and leading to our present knowledge, psychology has been a hotbed of questions prompting research. The past has taught us that using research and statistics paves the way for progressive treatment of psychological disorders; however, each psychological discipline uses its own treatment regimen to manage disorders or remain proactive against them. The History and Evolving Nature of Clinical Psychology One of the most pivotal names in early psychology’s roots is the Greek physician Hippocrates. The theory Hippocrates touched on was that of the body possessing four humors (fluids) needing to be balanced for the body and mind to stay in harmony. These fluids were black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. He believed that these fluids were responsible for different temperaments, such as anger, sadness, irritability, and hopelessness. This was in stark contrast to the primary thought of the time – the belief that spiritual forces were responsible for the health and mental stability of the body (Plante, 2010). Hippocrates also believed that the environment also had a role in the etiology of illness and may cause an imbalance in the four main fluids mentioned above. Other Greek philosophers and physicians such as Aristotle, Plato, and Galen mirrored Hippocrates theory on separation from the...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Robin Slagel PSY/480 May 18, 2015 Janice Williams Examination of Clinical Psychology Within the many diverse disciplines and sub-disciplines of psychology it may be that within clinical psychology the whole of the search for the study of why human beings think and behave as they do from time immemorial can be seen. For all of the early searches and understandings regarding science, philosophy, and medicine have been intertwined with what is currently understood about clinical psychology and all that may be discovered in the future will also have connection to those earlier gestations. Therefore to have a fuller comprehension of clinical psychology it is important to have an understanding of its history and how the science has evolved, emerged, and matured through time. As important would be the ability to lend a sense of credence and validity to the study of the human mind and resultant behaviors through clinical psychology by learning something about the role of studious research and concrete statistical evidence. Last there must be a substantive discussion and understanding of how clinical psychology differs from other explorations and disciplines into the thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors of the human mind and brain. Clinical Psychology Overview It may be said that clinical psychology is just one specific form of psychology wherein the clinician uses the tenets and precepts of the psychological...
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...Unit 9 Assignment PS210: History of Psychology Kaplan University August 18, 2014 Psychology today reflects the history and origins of psychology. In order to have a full understanding of psychology, you need to spend some time exploring its history and origins. Structuralism, in psychology is defined as the study of the elements of consciousness. It focuses on recurring patterns of thought and behaviors and it also involves more psychological aspect of human studies rather than social structures. Structuralist use numerous techniques to examine one's own conscious feelings and thoughts. Functionalism is the study of the mind and how the mind functions to the whole body to adapt into a community or a society. It is also a perspective or theory that tries to explain and justify why society is the way it is. According to different psychologist it can explain social structures and social behavior of a society and their functions. In the functionalist perspective, society is thought to function like organisms, with many social institutions working together to maintain and reproduce societies. Functionalists studied the mind not from the standpoint of its composition, its mental elements or its structure but as a conglomerate or accumulation of functions and processes (Schultz, 2012). William James was the major contributor to functionalism. James broadened the field of structuralism to more of an developmental, education, and gender based...
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...Human Development; Child Psychology Lisa Martin Liberty University Human Development; Child Psychology Child Psychology is concerned with the mentality and actions of children from a very tender age and through their youth as they prepare for adulthood. According to Cherry in her article, this covers mind development that is reflected in physical reactions either socially or emotionally. Initially, children were perceived as mere representatives of adults but at a smaller scale both in term of age and reasoning capacity. This theory perceives them as being sample representative of adults which means they may contain all or smaller traits in characteristics or in terms of behavior. I beg to differ because physical brain structure is totally different from psychology which involves reaction of the brain based on how it is programmed to react to a varied number of stimuli. According to Jean Piaget, children do act differently from adults and Albert Einstein concurred with the simplicity of the statement. Child psychology is universally agreed to be complex by experts and psychologies and yet they also differ in a wide variety of approaches they use to study the phenomenon. Development of the child is normally perceived from the internal aspects like genes and hereditary personality and analysts alongside other interested parties should consider external aspects such as social, cultural and socioeconomic contexts (Cherry). Social context refers to human...
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...1—What Is Psychology? Learning Goals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what psychology is and how it developed. Describe six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe two movements that reflect a positive approach to psychology. Evaluate careers and areas of specialization in psychology. Apply some strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science...
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