...School Environment as Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children Xiaoyu Li University of Nebraska-Lincoln, whulucy@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education Commons Li, Xiaoyu, "Family Environment and School Environment as Predictors for Physical Aggression in Low-Income Children" (2012). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 164. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN by Xiaoyu Li A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Soo-Young Hong Lincoln, Nebraska November, 2012 FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN Xiaoyu Li, M.S. University...
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...ALCOHOL USE AND DATING VIOLENCE PERPETRATION: THREE STUDIES EXAMINING CONCURRENT AND LONGITUDINAL RELATIONS ACROSS GRADES 8 THROUGH 12 Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by Vangie A. Foshee, PhD Susan T. Ennett, PhD Daniel J. Bauer, PhD Carolyn T. Halpern, PhD J. Michael Bowling, PhD UMI Number: 3387971 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3387971 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © 2009 Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Heathe Luz McNaughton Reyes—Adolescent alcohol use and dating violence perpetration: Three studies examining concurrent and longitudinal relations across grades 8 through 12 (Under the direction of Vangie A. Foshee, Susan T. Ennett, Daniel J. Bauer...
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...Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2012, Vol. 10, No, 1, 10-16 Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children Nazar Hussain Soomro and Jane Clarbour Department of Psychology, University of York, USA The present study investigates the relationship between emotional behaviour and academic achievement in middle school children in Hyderabad, Pakistan. One hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations...
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...Describe and evaluate social explanations for aggression (16 + 8 marks) There are a number of different theories which offer explanations for aggression. These include social psychological explanations and biological explanations. Some of the social explanations are social learning theory and deindividuation. Social learning theory was developed by Albert Bandura and is based on the behaviourist approach that our aggressive behaviour is learnt. He proposed that it is similar to operant conditioning where learning takes place due to observation and imitation. H explains that modelling has an influential role on the manner of the aggression, as if role models are seen t be aggressive this encourages those who observe them to exert similar behaviour. He also explains that vicarious learning takes place which is indirect rewarding of behaviour. AN example of this would include a child observing another child hitting someone in order to get the toy they desired. A number of factors influence the aggression levels learnt and shown in individuals, one of which is self-efficacy. This refers to the ability to perform the aggressive act, thus we are only likely to be aggressive if it is likely that we will succeed! Other characteristics of models influence whether someone will imitate behaviour, as if they have high power and status or are similar to he individual then this is likely to increase imitation. Therefore violence in the media is an increasing problem in the world today. ...
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...associates physical discipline with later child aggression, but spanking continues to remain a consistent experience for American children. The studies included in this bibliography explain the associations between aggression and spanking and the effects of punishment at various levels of severity and appropriateness. It is fair to say from a large collection of research conducted on the topic of child punishment and theory of child effects that there is a common suggestion that there should be debatable or reciprocal connection between the use of parental spanking and the association with later externalizing behavior through the transition to adolescence (MacKenzie, M. J., Nicklas, E., Brooks-Gunn,...
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...bibliography PSYC101 Stephanie Adams Jong hwan, Kim 30/07/2013 PERSONALITY TRAIT : Aggression Article 1, “Apparent motives for aggression in the social context of the bar” There are four types of motivation that aggression could be appeared. Compliance, grievance, identity, and excitement motivation could be indicated when aggression is used in response to unfair or perceived offensive behavior. After excluding incidents, where motives could not be coded or only staffs were aggressive, 1507 people had an experiment. For both men and women, compliance was negatively related with all other motives when grievance was positively connected with identity and negatively associated with excitement. Identity was positively associated with excitement for women but negatively associated for men. There were gender differences in motives. Men scored higher on identity and excitement, when women scored higher than did men on compliance and grievance. Women were more likely to have compliance as a primary motivation. There was also association of motives with escalation. Of these engaging in two or more aggressive acts, the later acts were more aggressive than first acts at the same level of aggression. Moreover, there was association of motives with severity of aggression. The coefficients from multilevel bivariate linear regression of severity on each motive with separate models for men and women and for the first or only act and for the second act. The present research...
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...NAME: Simba Elijah Kiage ADM NO: 643419 ASSIGNMENT: A Report on Active Theory of Television Viewing Course: Jnr2223 INSTRUCTOR:Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. SUMMARY PURPOSE Delivered for the fulfillment of a Bachelors Degree in Mass media SCOPE: The Report covers the Active Viewing Theory, its contribution to understanding media effects on audiences documented challenges from research scholars. Presented To: Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism & Mass Communication Patron, Journalism Club, Journalism Department United States International University-Africa. Introduction This theory finds its roots in Bandura’s 1977’s social learning theory which states that some prim aspects of television programming normally get and retain the attention of the viewers. It is therefore from here that Bandura suggested that once a child is exposed to the television programs, perceptive watching followed by an almost automatic attention and interpretation. This is a theory then that rests under media effects category. The many researchers who have put its hypothesis to research over the years have all tried to ascertain whether it is true indeed that viewers get directly involved with the media messages they consume from the media (Television) This theory however hasn’t really been accepted across by all media researchers as some have come out to question the perceived active television watching by the audiences saying that in reality television viewing as...
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...great extent. Consequences of very high or very low Machiavellianism and narcissism can be grave and therefore effects of both these conditions are evaluated. Also methodologies to determine the level of Narcissism and Machiavellianism in an individual are discussed through this paper. Hopefully this research will provide insights to the positive and negative effects of Narcissism and Machiavellianism and assist the reader in avoiding or minimising the negative effects of these. Narcissism The term was coined by Freud after Narcissus who in Greek myth was a pathologically self-absorbed young man who fell in love with his own reflection in a pool. It refers to the personality trait of egoism, conceit, or simple selfishness. Applied to a social group, it is sometimes used to denote elitism or an indifference to the plight of others. Freud saw narcissism as an essential part of every individual right from their birth. In his paper “On narcissism: An...
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...Contents 1. Abstract 1 2. Introduction 2 3. Methodology 10 3.1. Design 10 3.2. Participants 10 3.3 Materials 10 3.4. Procedure 11 3.5. Ethics 12 4. Results 13 5. Discussion 21 6. Conclusion 25 7. References 26 Appendix 1. The questionnaire 30 Appendix 2. Introversion Scale Scoring 39 Appendix 3. Locus of Control Scoring 40 Appendix 4. Picture-Frustration Test Scoring 41 1. Abstract The present study contributes to the understanding of the causalities of conflicting behaviour in adult males and females. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between tendency to be involved in social conflicts (conflict potential) and locus of control beliefs (two types: intermal/external) as well as two types of typology (introversion/extraversion). Based on the previous studies (Holloran, Doumas, 1999; Benjamin, 1999; Williams and Vantress, 1969) it is hypothesised that that 1) there will be a significant difference between locus of control, extraversion and conflict potential; 2) introverts will score higher on group adaptation scale than extraverts; 3) externals will score lower on group adaptation scale than internals. Two more hypotheses derived from the earlier findings (Bookwala, Sabine and Zdaniuk, 2005; Harris and Bohnhoff, 1996): 4) the results will differ between age and gender groups; 5) with the increase of age the conflict potential will decrease. The findings of the study suggest that locus of control (β=-1.146, p<0.01) and...
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...girls), 2 adults (male and female), acting like models in the experiment, and a female experimenter participated in the study procedure. All the children were subdivided into 4 groups, 3 experimental and one control group, consisting of 24 members each. The acts, performed for the experimental groups were the same, they differed only in the performer (either male or female), way of representation (live or using technical means)...
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...APA Style Social Learning Theory Name of Student Institution affiliation In the society, there are social happening that influence relationships among people as they interact and work together to achieve certain goals. Crime is an issue that affects a society in many ways and many attempts to deduce the root causes and ways to alleviate it have come up. Some theories have come up to try to explain how to deal with crimes in the society. In criminal justice, there are theories that explain crime and factors that influence its occurrence with a certain social context. The social learning theory explains that a person acquires knowledge through observation and interactions which models the behavior. The theory proposes that the behavior of an individual can be shaped through reciprocal interaction between the forces of cognitive, environmental and behavior systems. The understanding of the theory will help in determining its effectiveness in handling events of crimes in the society. Albert Bandura as a way to help in understanding the criminology and give the necessary information in relation to addressing the problems caused by crime advanced the social learning theory. The theory is a combination operant theory of Ronald Akers and Robert Burgess and the theory of differential association by Edwin Southerland. The theory has been discussed by various scholars who needed to test its accuracy in addressing the various causes of crime...
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...between video games and increased youth delinquency is debatable (“Violent video,” 2013). Social science has definitively settled some of the questions. Cumulative evidence gathered from numerous academic studies makes one side of the argument persuasive (Regoli, Hewitt, &DeLisi, 2011). The relation between increased violence and video games is an example of contested academic terrain. Recent research demonstrates the existence of a strong link between video games and youth violence (KimHun-Soo& KimHyun-Sil, 2008). The connection between video games and the real world violence is obvious. Apparently, the media seems to furnish new evidence relating to the same issue. For example, the perpetrator of Norway’s masskillings confessed to having watched a shooting game before committing the crime (Regoli et al., 2011). Playing video games has a direct link to aggressive and violent acts among young adults. Extensive literature in psychology shows increased propensity to violent acts after playing video games (“Violent video,” 2013). The findings relate to an increase in delinquency and violence among the youths. Indeed, exposure to violent video games is directly proportional to aggression and antisocial behaviour. Domain-specific theories on aggression and delinquency explain the relationship between video games and antisocial behaviour (Regoli et al., 2011). General Aggression Model, a comprehensive meta-theory, asserts that exposure to violent media desensitizes the youth...
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...Video Games Negative or Positive? Do video games have a direct correlation with the aggression and violence in the people who play them? This is the controversy discussed in the following articles. Jack Hollingdale of the University of Sussex, UK and Tobias Greitemeyer of the University of Innsbruck, Austria have collaborated in writing The changing face of aggression: the effect of personalized avatars in a violent video game on levels of aggressive behaviors. Hollingdale and Greitemeyer argue that “Studies have found that exposure to violent video games correlates negatively with helping behaviors in the real world and, as a result, exposure to violent video games poses a public health threat to children and youth” (Hollingdale and Greitemeyer 1). However, Christopher J Ferguson from Texas A&M International University, the department of behavioral applied science and criminal justice, sees the more positive side of the violent video games. In his article Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games Be a Force for Good he disputes that “the negative effects of violent games have been exaggerated by some elements of the scientific community, fitting with past cycles of media-forced moral panics” (Ferguson 1). Both articles use statistics and specific examples to prove their thesis. Ferguson uses the claim of value more than claims of fact which seem to discredit his argument. Hollingdale and Greitmeyer support their thesis with psychological studies...
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...Bullying: Relations to Race, Individual, and Family Predictors Abstract The research in this article is based upon finding a relationship between cyber-bullying perpetration with non-physical bullying. It also works on find the relatedness it has with race, home life, and other issues. They use children in grades 5th through 7th and use three time points, each six months apart. The article finds that cyber-bullying does have a significant overlap with non-physical bullying but when it is compared longitudinal there was less of an overlap. In today’s society, bullying has become a very big problem among adolescents. With all the new forms of communication with technology there has been a lot of cyber-bullying, specifically. It seems to be the new way to harass others and the fact that it is done through technology it makes it less obvious. The reason it is such a big problem though, is because the harassment some of the children endure have caused suicide. This article tries to find the relatedness it has with other factors of children’s lives. If some form of connection can be found then there can be a chance to find a way to stop the problem before it begins or to even see the signs of this type of bullying. For starters, what researchers have noticed is that cyber-bullying is something that is quite new to us today. Because of this it is a topic that is less understood by what the underlying risks and protective factors are. They use the social learning...
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...Violent media’s effects on youths According to Smith and Wilson (Smith., 1997; Wilson., 1997), the National Television Violence Study, a three-year assessment of more than 3000 programs a year, found out that “60 percent of programs across twenty-six channels contain some physical aggressions”. Some points of view believe that there are connections between media violence and violent behaviour. However, other people don’t think so. This essay will argue that violence in the media is one of the main causes of increasing violent behaviour among youths because children learn behaviours from the media, youth who watch violent TV programs become more aggressive and they show less sympathy for other people. First of all, children may learn violent behaviours via media. According to Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), children learn ideas, values, emotions and even behaviours by observing others in their social environment. They tend to imitate observed behaviours that are rewarded than those that are punished. For example, they are more likely to mimic hero characters in the movies or games that usually use violence to solve the problems. These characters always get rewarded for their actions. This kind of scenario has become too common and Rowell Huesmann (1986) stated that children might learn from it and develop it into a script, a solution for every problem. Furthermore, there are researches that show children can imitate and reproduce the violent actions for eight months...
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