...Paul Krugman begins this article by asking the audience why rising inequality matters. This positions him to lead into the reasons why it is important to lower and middle class American’s. Coupled with his examples of importance, he suggests policy reform to help fix these issues. Krugman believes the middle class is disintegrating; he uses a simple quote from Thomas Jefferson to bring forward the idea that men who believed the middle class to be the most important part of the nation founded our country. He addresses the opposition that economic inequality is now balanced by social equality. Moving forward he breaks down the argument with the fact that middle class parents are willing to indebt themselves more than ever before in order to...
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...not a torture technique that involves forced simulated drowning. Less remarkable, perhaps, but possibly more relevant for most of us, we’ve heard the term “downsized” used when someone is fired or laid off. “Ethnic cleansing” covers everything from deportation to genocide. What we have to say may be important, but the words we choose to say it with can be equally important. The examples just given are cases of a certain type of linguistic coercion—an attempt to get us to adopt a particular attitude toward a subject that, if described differently, would seem less attractive to us. Words have tremendous persuasive power, or what we have called their rhetorical force or emotive meaning—their power to express and elicit images, feelings, and emotional associations. In the next few chapters, we examine some of the most common rhetorical techniques used to affect people’s attitudes, opinions, and behavior. Rhetoric refers to the study of persuasive writing. As we use the term, it denotes a broad category of linguistic techniques people use Moore−Parker: Critical Thinking, Ninth Edition 5. Persuasion Through Rhetoric: Common Devices and...
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...Fridman define geek, but he also compares the definition to the way this term is used to call “intellectually curious and academically serious” (Fridman 4-5) Americans. “Nerds” (Fridman 29) and “anti-intellectualism” (Fridman 12) are other repetitive terms throughout Fridman’s essay that are used to establish his point, making his purpose broad. By repeatedly using the derogatory terms in a bitter tone, allows us to see to who he is speaking to, and how his point is emphasized that nerds need to stop being ashamed of themselves. In addition, Fridman ends his argument by placing it into the readers hand asking a rhetorical question towards the end. The rhetorical questions are not meant to be answered, but poner the purpose and points he established throughout his essay. Questions such as “How long can America remain in world-class power if we constantly emphasize social...and physical prowess over academic achievement…?,” (Fridman 53-55) show Fridman’s exaggeration when it comes to taking “nerds” (Fridman 29) into consideration...
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...Analiysis ‘Muscle Binds’ Sport has been the object of cult for many centuries. However not everyone shares this position. The author of the article ‘Muscle binds’, Dina La Vardera, expresses her attitude to the sports activity. The article touches the problems of obsession by physical exercises. The author calls upon to remember that there are a lot of other pleasures except sport and it occasions more health and social problems than it seems. Being an expensive short-lasting fashion, exercises make people forget about everything except their beauty, even their own death does not matter anymore. They train the bodies but neglect the minds. According to the author it’s better to be a couch potato but not a self-righteous young person with rippling muscles. The title of the article reflects the contents of the article in full measure: one is bound to train not to have cellulite, one is bound to train to follow the fashion, one is bound to train to come to term with oneself, and finally, one is bound to train to be healthy. As the article is written in ironic way it is quite easy to read but the real sense is caught only by the end. It makes the reader understand that he/she is either a silly “hunk” or a lazy “potato”. The passage is written in a very chatty informal publicistic style to draw reader’s attention, to persuade them to get the author’s point of view and to entertain them. It is chosen for the target audience who consists of young people...
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...Unemployment What is the essential cultural observation or situation being satirized? What clues lead you to this conclusion? The author to the article is making a joke out of how dropping out of high school will inevitably make them unemployed and how the school system is not preparing them for the reality of life, surely to fail those who drop out. A clue that lead me to this conclusion is when the author quotes Margaret Spellings, who said, “easy grading encourages students to be sloppy and late handing in homework- a skill that makes future deadbeats very competitive in stone walling landlords and bill collectors” emphasizing on the mockery of the school systems. What rhetorical strategies does the writer use to achieve this satire? List them, and explain how each is used. Sarcasm - Sarcasm is a primary rhetorical strategy used to achieve the satire. For instance, when the author states, “Chao also suggested that schools hold more blood drives, which would prepare dropouts for visits to their local blood-plasma donation centers for quick and easy cash,” they are mocking how many dropouts are ‘deadbeats’ who only know one way on making cash without putting in effort. The author quotes many people in authority in the school system, such as Labor Secretary Elaine Chao, appealing to ethos, convey although this story has credibility. Irony - Irony also plays a large part on the effective satire. It is used when quoting Susan French, a spokesperson for the National Education Association...
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...starting to meet the demands of the feminists. In her article “The End of Men” from July/August 2010 in ‘The Atlantic’ Hanna Rosin addresses how the world is adjusting to the wave of dominating feminists, and how a matriarchy could be starting to occur. But could this change in the end be “The End of Men”? Rosin sets of her article with statistical facts stating that for every 2 men that achieves a college education, 3 women achieve the same. She uses these facts to prove with logos that equality for women is actually starting to come through, after saying this she asks the rhetorical question: “But what if equality isn’t the end point? What if modern, postindustrial society is simply better suited to women?”(p.1 ,ll 4-5). This rhetorical question could have been the question in Rosin’s head that made her write this article, because the article keeps coming back to this issue. By putting this rhetorical somewhat provoking statement in the beginning of the article, she also catches the reader and set the agenda for the article. Moving on she introduces the reader to the male chauvinist Ronald Ericsson. As Rosin states, Ericsson was the biologist that figured out how to isolate the male chromosome in semen, making it possible only to spawn boys. The fact that Ericsson on top of this discovery was a radical male chauvinist, had feminists worrying that they were headed for a male dystopia, as the article says. “Ericsson now 74, laughed when I read him these quotes from his old...
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...the rhetoric of a speech. As we know where rhetoric is concerned we should inevitably deal with literature. In other words rhetoric is like a joint which connect literature with politics and establish a method of analyzing political speeches called polio-linguistic approach. Thus we can consider political discourses as pieces of literature. Literary techniques especially rhetorical devices serve as one of the most distinctive features of the greatest and most influential speeches of all time. There is no shortage of rhetorical devices used in these speeches, but we can prioritize them by count of repetitions in political discourses. In this study first I have represented the necessity of using these types of persuasive skills in political discourses, the methods within which politicians take advantages of these skills and the different sides of a successful speech. Then after a glance through different rhetorical devices, excerpts from four of the greatest speeches in history are provided with the rhetorical devices indicated in them. Finally a quite deep examination of the most important of these rhetorical devices is presented and the conclusion is made through comparing these samples. The primary purpose of every presenter or rhetorician is to grab people`s attention. After that he/ she needs to convey people`s thoughts and beliefs in his/her to desirable direction. This is a hard job and needs a big deal of effort and commitment. In...
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...happiness is a rather complicated matter, as it is very difficult to precisely define personal happiness. The central question in this research and discussion is of course if being wealthy increases overall life happiness. 1. Text 1 describes, with basis in several studies, how economical success is very insignificant when it comes to personal happiness. Nonetheless, an increase in wealth does undeniably influence happiness, but it is on a much more superficial level, where personal and social success influence overall happiness in a deeper and more important manner. The text also points out that money largely influences the level of happiness only when the basic necessities are being established, but after this point future increase in income and materialistic goods are not connected to overall happiness in a significant way. The last view in the text emphasizes how we tend to pay attention to the wrong things in life, as we overestimate the value of money, instead of valuing personal and social wealth higher. The primary point in text 2 is that spending money on experiences instead of luxury goods is proved to produce longer-lasting satisfaction. The reason for this is that materialistic wealth tends to aim at outdoing others, as you would always want to have the bigger flat screen, the faster car and the newer cell phone, while it is less likely that you would compare your experiences in such a fashion. 2. The author of text 1 David Brooks uses an example from the real...
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...DESCRIPTION is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse), along with exposition, argumentation, and narration. Each of the rhetorical modes is present in a variety of forms and each has its own purpose and conventions. Description is also the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Description as a fiction-writing mode Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has distinct forms of expression, or modes, each with its own purposes and conventions. Agent and author Evan Marshall (agent) identifies five fiction-writing modes: action, summary, dialogue, feelings/thoughts, and background (Marshall 1988, pp. 143–165). Author and writing-instructor Jessica Page Morrell lists six delivery modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses. Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk...
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... Duke Senior The inclusiveness of his language and how there is a sense of equality among those who are part of the forest. “Now, my co-mates, and brothers in exile,” - “Old customs” refers to the old values, such as loyalty “Painted pomp” paint in the traditional sense is the actors paint, the artificiality of the court. Pomp is the ceremonial and ritual court life, and how the plosive ‘p’ sound implies the temporary, fleeting nature of this. It is a sound that dismisses it, as opposed to ‘old custom’ which is endured, sound wise. It may also suggest an element of contempt. Senior compares forest and court and says that this is more sweet. Where Fredrick speaks imperatively quite frequently (tyranny), Senior speaks with a lot of rhetorical questions, seeking answers from his ‘co-mates’. “...the penalty of Adam” alludes to the Garden of Eden and how Adam was exiled from the Garden, and Senior explains how they share this ‘penalty’ and they feel this penalty through the extreme weather here, “as the icy fang...” (reference to winter), metaphorical representation of winter by comparing it to a wolf and this emphasises that this is a ‘real’ place. “I smile and say, ‘This is no flattery’. He feel the winter winds and he compares it to the language that was used with him in the court. “these are counsellors...” that the cold teaches him to know himself, the hardship that they experience is what allows them to gain more knowledge of themselves. A metaphorical counsellor (very...
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...Lecture Method The lecture method is the most widely used form of presentation. Every instructor should know how to develop and present a lecture. They also should understand the advantages and limitations of this method. Lectures are used for introduction of new subjects, summarizing ideas, showing relationships between theory and practice, and reemphasizing main points. The lecture method is adaptable to many different settings, including either small or large groups. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction. The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. For example, there are several types of lectures such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. With a briefing, the speaker presents a concise array of facts to the listeners who normally do not expect elaboration of supporting material. During a formal lecture, the speaker's purpose is to inform, to persuade, or to entertain with little or no verbal participation by the students. When using a teaching lecture, the instructor plans and delivers an oral presentation in a manner that allows some participation by the students and helps direct them toward the desired learning outcomes. Teaching Lecture The teaching lecture is favored by aviation instructors because...
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...also want the audience to understand that with today’s technology of ‘Facebook’ it has the ability of taking away the effort in staying in touch with people. 3. What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim? - Use of anecdotes in portraying personality to the audience and showing the audience through my stories that I have credibility in this area and I know first hand the benefits of ‘staying in touch’ - Connotative language to shape peoples opinion of staying in touch; use bubbly, infective, energetic words so people will have a positive image when they are think of staying in touch with people, this will also help them get motivated to reconnecting with people. - End with a rhetorical question / positive statement to allow the audience to question if they are doing all they can do to stay in touch with people and if they not they will want to after listening to the speech. - Use the introduction as a way of telling the audience that by listening to this speech it will make them want to reconnect with people due to the positives that will be outlined in my body. (Terry Lufffman, 2010) 4. What is their demographic? Both male and female age between 17 and 25 years old, university students, from all different places and countries. The act that I am...
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...Dear Residents of the community, I would like to inform you of some information that I have found that can be the cause of why so many of us are getting sick. I started out my research with trying to figure out what type of problem is this and what the solution may be. I asked questions like, what is distributed to the whole city? What does the community have access to? What type of sources can create an illness or carry an illness in them? Once I narrowed down my questions I was able to direct my research to power lines, water sources and gas sources. I then began to think about the previous questions I have asked myself and found that it was one of those sources. After finding out the information that I did, I then had to dig a little deeper. I had to think about how the companies will try to hide any information that could have caused any damage. I had to think about what the records would be called and how they would conceal it. I found out that the gas company was the cause for why the community was starting to get sick. Although the gas company as at fault we may not want to stop using their services, but merely let them know that the practices of their company is hurting our community. I think if we get together and ask the right questions we will be able to figure out a solution for this problem. I’m pretty sure that the gas company doesn’t want to cause anyone any harm, so confronting them and letting them aware of the dangers they are causing should not...
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...Anthony Wilson, Sr. English 151 15 February 2012 An Explication of Hughes' "Harlem" In the poem "Harlem" written by Langston Hughes, the speaker utilizes a series of rhetorical questions and similes intended to initiate a thought-provoking reaction that addresses unresolved or deferred dreams. The use of these questions and similes add to the overwhelming feeling of despair the speaker seems to have form the beginning until the end of the poem. In life, many have dreams intended to fulfill whatever end fantasy or goal is in mind. But, this poem attempts to address those dreams that are unfilled or put off for whatever reason. The speaker's inquisitive nature implies an uncertainty of promise or happiness of a dream deferred. The very first line of the poem begins with a question and sets the what becomes a "What happens to a dream deferred "? and immediately is followed by a series of rhetorical questions that mimics the negative outlook for the end result. "Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun"? ( 3) "Or fester like a sore- And then run"? (4-5) "Does it stink like rotten meat"? (6) Or crust over and sugar over- like a syrupy sweet"? (7-8) "Or does it explode"? (11) So, from start to finish these questions imply the outlook is a grim one. The negative tone never seems to change not even for a split second from the beginning until the end. Even the use of certain word choice added to the continuous dismal tone of the poem. Usually when...
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...Humanities Department Course Prefix and Number: ENGL 111 Course Title: English Composition I Number of: Credit Hours 3 Lecture Hours 3 Lab Hours 0 Catalog Description: Expository writing to practice traditional rhetorical modes and strategies, to increase analytical clarity, and to achieve precise expression. Grade of C or higher required. Prerequisite: Grade of C or higher in ENGL 107, or placement by ACT English Score or by SAT Writing Score: students whose ACT English Score is from 18 to 29 or whose SAT Writing Score is from 430 to 650 will be placed in ENGL 111. Offered Fall and Spring. Prerequisite(s) / Corequisite(s): Grade of C or higher in ENGL 107, or placement by ACT English Score or by SAT Writing Score: students whose ACT English Score is from 18 to 29 or whose SAT Writing Score is from 430 to 650 will be placed in ENGL 111. Course Rotation for Day Program: Offered Fall and Spring. Text(s): Most current editions of the following: Many English Composition texts are available. The recommended choices listed below are numerous, so please read the complete listings carefully. Required texts must include: • A handbook (choose from texts 1-4 below); • A rhetoric (choose from texts 5-10 below); and, • An anthology of expository writing. Combinations of these are also available (texts 11-16 below). Note: For locations where it is necessary to continue in ENGL 112 with at least one text used in ENGL 111, texts 14-16...
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