...Question 1 (a): Write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau, Bahamas. Riots are thought to be typically chaotic and exhibit herd behavior. This is a form of civil disorder characterized often by what is thought of as disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of violence against authority, property or people. This all brings us down to the Burma Road Riot. What is the Burma Road Riot u may ask? This altercation occurred on the 1st of June 1942 on Bay Street and in the Over-the-hill areas of New Providence, The Bahamas. This event inspired a Bahamian singer “Larry Smith” to sing a song Goin' down Burma Road...ain' ga lick nobody. The name 'Burma Road' had currency because of what went on at the same time on the other side of the world. In Southeast Asia, work was underway on the real Burma Road so that the Allies could move troops and supplies into China to fight the Japanese. It is believed that the riot started because of the growing dissatisfaction of the Bahamas’ black majority. It signaled the end of second-class citizenship for blacks in the Bahamas. At this time, local black workers demonstrated in a chaotic manner against discrimination of wages to pay them. The American workers were paid higher wages than the colored people were. They also had more power. One observer, Oscar Johnson, a tailor on Bay Street, remembers that ‚it was a large crowd of people marching down George Street singing ‘We’ll never let the old Flag Fall’...
Words: 448 - Pages: 2
...What factors contributed to the social unrest of the 1930’s and the 1940’s? “As a consequence of the riot, the first awakenings of a new political awareness began to be felt in the hearts of black people, time and the remarkable foresight, courage and initiative of a few dedicated members of the majority were all that were required to crystallize this awareness into a mighty political force.” – Doris Johnson, the Quiet Revolution in the Bahamas: Family Islanders Press Limited -1972. Numerous factors or elements contributed to the social issues of the 1930s and the 1940s. From social factors such as: crime, racism, lack of education and poverty to economic factors like: Unemployment, the 1929 Stock Market Crash, The Great Depression and underemployment. To think about it there were even political factors such as: the residents didn’t like who was in charge of the country, and they didn’t have a say or a vote. The first economic issue that I am going to talk about is the 1929 stock Market crash which then leads into the Great Depression. The world was in crisis when the stock market crashed in October, 1929 in New York on Wall Street. The stock market was one of the largest institutions in America. “While business tycoons were getting richer, the workers in their factories were poorly paid, the farmers were not receiving fair prices for their crops and therefore masses of people didn’t have enough money to buy what the factories were producing. Soon the factories came to...
Words: 1022 - Pages: 5
...Question 1 (one) a Write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau Bahamas. The 1942 riot in Bay Street and in the Over-the-hill areas (place were the poorer black Bahamians lived) of New Providence was triggered by a labor dispute, but have been described as the first sign of a popular movement in the Bahamas. The Burma Road Riot occurred on June 1st 1942 through June 2nd 1942, when thousands of Bahamian workers came to Bay Street in a march of solidarity. This was a result of the years of oppression of Bahamian workers at the Oakes Field airport. These workers got paid four (4) shillings a day which is equal to one (1) dollar. As a result of this, a number of requests were sent to the labor officer by the Bahamas Federation of Labor (BFL) for an increase in their wages and this request was turned down by the construction company. Once the workers saw that their request for a wage increase was turned down and that it was because of the “white minority”, they decided to demonstrate. These demonstrations then lead into a riot. During this riot, stores were broken into, destroyed and then later robbed; some people lost their lives while others were injured, some were even shot by police officers. After the government could not have regained control, they decided to respond to the request of the people and gave them one (1) shilling per day increase and a free meal at lunch. By doing this, more than half of the workers returned to work on the 4th of June 1942 and by...
Words: 392 - Pages: 2
...1930s - Argentina was hit hard by Great Depression (1929-1939) o Demand for agricultural commodities (beef, wheat, corn, etc...) plummeted o Gov. had trouble paying workers in the public sector 1940s - Juan Domingo Perón took office in 1946 and gained most support support from Argentina’s poor and working class o Paid vacations, a set minimum wage, and social security - Country saw an increase in organizational strength and social weight for working class o Economy, wages, and rate of unionization grew at a significant pace 1950s - Marked the start of another regressing Argentina as commodity prices fell o Excessive nationalization caused investments to dry up and inflation to increase o Labor strikes weakened the country even more The Great Depression hit Argentina particularly hard as demand for agricultural productions plummeted in Europe and the United States. Specialized commodities, such as beef, wheat, and corn were no longer being exported out of Argentina. As a result of reduced exportation, government had trouble paying public workers and unrest within the country began to grow. A military coup was eventually staged in 1930 and more generals than civilians would run the country for more than a decade later. The renowned Argentinian military official and politician by the name of Juan Domingo Perón was elected in 1946 and brought economic prosperity to Argentina for the majority of his presidency. Perón drew most of his support as president from Argentina’s...
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...Introduction “Movement Towards Decolonization .” Before I start the basic part of my coursework introduction I would like to define these words and the meaning of this statement . Movement - an act of changing location or position . Towards - moving or coming to a particular direction . Decolonization - to grant independence to a colony . With my understanding the statement “Movement Towards Decolonization ” is literally meaning that The Bahamas was making a change in government and the rights for Bahamians in their own society . They know what they needed to accomplish and where they were headed to become not only independent people but an independent nation to better our Bahamian Society from a colony . In this history coursework I’m going to write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau, Bahamas in 1942 . What effects the Burma Road Riot had on the development of political parties and trade unions of The Bahamas . Also act as a member of the Taxi Cab Union during the General Strike of 1958, where I’m speaking about what I’ve experienced . Lastly is to give an explanation of the sources given which I consider to be true and prove that the 1942 riot was responsible for the political changes that took place during...
Words: 2893 - Pages: 12
...Emancipation in 1838, former slave owners sought to exact labour at the lowest of wages and former slaves struggled for land, better working conditions and better wages. In the 1930s, the social changes since Emancipation brought an increasing working class consciousness to the fore which erupted in a series of labour rebellions across the territories of the British Caribbean. Complaints of abhorrent social and economic conditions spurred the appointment by the British Government in August 1938 of the West India Royal Commission led by Lord Moyne, to investigate and make recommendations on the conditions in the British territories. The comprehensive Report detailing the horrible conditions suffered by the people of the then British Caribbean is presented in its entirety and is enhanced by an introduction by Denis Benn. From health to infant mortality; housing to child labour and discrimination against women; labour and trade unions; agricultural policy and land settlement, the Report was scathing in its criticism of British colonial policy in the Caribbean and advanced a number of recommendations to deal with the challenges of the territories. A seminal document in the development of the Caribbean The Moyne Report is a critical document for scholars of Caribbean history, society, economics and politics. Social & Economic Conditions The Great Depression made conditions in the West Indies much worse due to a drastic decrease in exports and a sharp decline in the global price of...
Words: 1946 - Pages: 8
...Throughout history, music has been used by movements seeking social changes in the world. In various cases, protest songs are written in response to historical events or social activities by the person who has experienced. In other cases, these songs can be responsible for initiating a shift in a society’s beliefs and assumptions. Many musicians have raised awareness and championed causes to alleviate human suffering from social problems caused by famine, natural disasters, war, civil rights violations, environmental abuse and others. Some have achieved it through their music, some by using their fame as musicians and others using both. Bob Dylan Music has played an important role in African American history from the earlier days because the...
Words: 746 - Pages: 3
...History Coursework What effect did the social unrest of the 1930s and the 1940s have on the development of the trade union and political parties on the commonwealth of the Bahamas. The progressive liberal party (PLP) in 1953grew out of the rising discontent of the majority of the Bahamas . The PLP’s original members, including Hp Taylor , Williams Cartwright, and Cyril Stevenson, were almost all middle class mulattoes who were initially unable to convince the laboring class of blacks that they represented the same interest. Numerous blacks that they represented the same interest . Numerous black feared victimization if they joined a party that was against the ‘Bay Street Boys’ as the white merchants would often called. The Racial discord of the 1950s was reflected by continue racial segregation in the public places including boats, restaurants and theatres . As the PLP raised the awareness of these issues it became clear that reforms needed to take places . In 1956 Etienne Dupuch brought forth a resolution protesting discrimination before the house of assembly, banning all forms of public segregation . Under the pressure, the resolution was eventually passed. The resolution was important but it didn’t bring about any change. His Excellency Sir Clifford Darling, The former taxicab driver served as general secretary of the Bahamas Taxi Cab Union for eight years and as president for ten. In the early 1950s Sir Clifford bargained with hotels , had their...
Words: 708 - Pages: 3
...Russia and its Rulers 1855-1964 An overview This overview The Nature of Russian Government Ideology Structures and Institutions Opposition The nature of opposition and how it changed Repression as a way of controlling opposition Reform as a way of controlling opposition Social and Economic Change In the countryside In the towns and cities War and Revolution and the development of Government Government - Ideology Strong continuity in autocratic Tsarist rule 1832 Fundamental Laws (Nicholas I) “The emperor of all Russians is an autocratic and unlimited monarch: God himself ordains that all must bow to his supreme power, not only out of fear but also out of conscience” 1906 Fundamental Laws (Nicholas II) “The All-Russian Emperor possess the supreme autocratic power. Not only fear and conscience but God himself commands obedience to his authority” Government - Ideology Subtle changes in the extent to which different Tsars were autocratic. 1861 Emancipation Edit (Alexander II) Though Alexander II used his autocratic powers to enact the edict, this was only after a long period of discussion and consultation with his nobles, which started in 1856. 1881 “The Reaction” of Alexander III to his father’s assassination. Under the influence of Pobodonostev, who believed that most Russians were incapable of understanding the complexity of the world, and therefore could not be given freedom, or the vote...
Words: 2462 - Pages: 10
...Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle Mimi Abramovitz The profession of social work has the potential both to meet individual needs and to engage in social change. However, the profession’s position between the individual and society often forces practitioners to choose between adjusting people and programs to circumstances or challenging the status quo. The twin pressures of containment and change have made social work an arena of struggle since its origins in the late 19th century. In honor of social work’s centennial, this article examines the sources of the profession’s prochange mandate and the structural factors that limit social work’s ability to pledge itself to this stance permanently and recommends some steps social workers can take to recommit the profession to greater activism. Special attention is given to documenting the long but largely ignored history of social work activism. Key words: activism; history; professionalism; social reform; social work T he twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles...
Words: 9381 - Pages: 38
... galvanized the revolutionary movements. Two worlds collided, a European colonial power and an Indo-Chinese traditional society. Vietnamese political leader, Ho Chi Minh understood the economic and social forces which he exploited for ideological purposes and on the other hand, Viet Minh out-maneuvered the formation of the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang or VNQDD) in 1927 and Indochinese communist party (Dong Doung Cong San Dang or ICP) in 1930. The rebellion began in Yen Bai, formatted by the nationalist party, peasant armed uprising and work stoppages of industrial workers resulted in the formation of the local soviet governments under the leadership of the Indochinese communist party shook Vietnamese colony. In 1858, French attacked Da Nang and ended with the appointment of Paul Doumer in 1897. First colonial possession of France in Southeast Asia took its definite shape in 1897 when Doumer implemented an old decree to institute French Indochina union. For nearly 45 years of the twentieth century, it constituted the phase of Vietnam’s colonial history when France established foreign policies and international relations over Indochina and failed that empire; an empire which subsequently became part of a supposedly indissoluble French Union. In the late 1940s, the French struggled to control its colonies in Indochina – Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam despite the financial assistance from the United States; nationalist uprisings against French colonial rule began...
Words: 1471 - Pages: 6
...Notes * U.S. Diplomacy and Russia In 1923, President Calvin Coolidge addressed the issue of Russian war debts. The President noted that the United States was resuming diplomatic relations with nations that had been cut off during World War I. The Russians, however, presented a problem for Coolidge because their communist form of government opposed democracy. * Italy Italy was a democracy when World War I began in 1914. The country's army fought alongside Allied forces. Unfortunately, the war left the government and economy of Italy unstable and a fertile ground for revolutionaries. Decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference denied the large territorial gains the Italian government expected after the war. In 1921, Benito Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party and rose up as a revolutionary leader. * Fascism was based on a foundation of authoritarianism and nationalism. For Mussolini, the most important aspect of a nation or state was the unity and survival of that state. Mussolini rejected democracy because he thought different political views and political parties weakened the unity of the state. * Taking Fascism on the Road Fascists disagreed with the communist belief that private property and businesses should belong to the state. The Fascists also believed that the nationalism of a state must be aggressively exported to other countries. In other words, the Fascists maintained that a nation had a right to invade and conquer a weaker nation...
Words: 2821 - Pages: 12
...Historical Los Angeles: A Contextualization of Nina Revoyr’s Southland Nina Revoyr’s novel, Southland, provides a glimpse into the injustice, scandal, and struggle in Los Angeles from the 1940s to the 1990s due to its racial composition. The novel contains a unique cast of characters who, although often times interact with conflict, are forced to live side-by-side one another in their separate attempts to attain the American Dream. Southland takes its readers on a journey through a history full of trials and tribulations, with Los Angeles as its stage; throughout this story, the reader begins to understand that there was much more to this place than what was originally promised by the boosters. Revoyr makes it clear that Los Angeles, or Angeles Mesa to be more precise, during the time of the boosters, was not solely a place where one could find utopia, or sunshine – but also a place that was plagued with dystopia, or noir. Southland proves to be a story that illustrates how ethnic, racial, and gender differences can play a major role in one’s actions, behaviors, and perceptions of others. This novel uncovers the fact that Los Angeles was a socially stratified city, which was full of inhabitants who were governed according to their differences. Whether one was white, black, or Asian during the 1940s-1960s (especially in Angeles Mesa, as relevant to Southland) determined how others perceived and treated them. In a cyclic rotation, most of the time it also prompted the ways in which...
Words: 2670 - Pages: 11
...The Great Depression The Great Depression was an extremely severe worldwide economic downturn that left many homeless and even more jobless. The depression originated in the U.S., but affected many countries throughout the world. The time period of The Great Depression varied depending on the country, but first began in the late 1920’s. It ended in the late 1930’s or early 1940’s when the Second World War began. It devastated virtually everyone, rich and poor, people of all occupations. The term was first coined by British economist Lionel Robbins who wrote a book in 1934 called “The Great Depression” but popularized by President Herbert Hoover in a statement: “I need not recount to you that the world is passing through a great depression.” The cause of The Great Depression is still an open debate amongst economists and historians. Theorists can be split into two major categories: classical economists and Keynesian economists. When classical economists theorize The Great Depression, they focus on how central banking decisions lead to overinvestment and an economic bubble, or on the supply of gold which backed many currencies at that time. Keynesian economists, on the other hand, blame underconsumption and overinvestment or government and banking incompetence. Many agreed that the main event which spurred The Great Depression was the crash of the stock market in 1929. Known to most as Black Tuesday: the most famous stock market downturn in American history, October 29, 1929...
Words: 2667 - Pages: 11
...AS LEVEL Specification HISTORY A H105 For first assessment in 2016 ocr.org.uk/alevelhistorya We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest version of our specification will always be the one on our website (ocr.org.uk) and this may differ from printed versions. Copyright © 2014 OCR. All rights reserved. Copyright OCR retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this specification booklet for their own internal use. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered company number 3484466. Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. ...
Words: 21136 - Pages: 85
