...Political Science 330 March 23, 2014 Liberalism vs Socialism There have been many ways countries/colonies have been governed throughout history. Some forms of government were able to lead their people using peaceful means. Some were chaotic and involved massive bloodshed. Liberalism derived from the word liberty is a form of that has two forms, classical and modern. Classical liberalism heavily rooted from Jock Locke and Adam Smith of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Modern liberalism introduced around the nineteenth century uses classical liberalism as a structured base with some modified theorists from Jane Adams and T. H. Green. Socialism introduced around the early nineteenth century is another form of government which is similar yet different than liberalism. Socialists deriving from the word society, believe in meeting basic needs of the entire society. Socialism has two types as well which include Marxism-Leninism and social democracy. Socialists and liberals share similar positions on many social issues such as civil rights, gay rights and gender equality. They oppose racism and sexism as well as keep religion out of the government. Both forms of government support Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, minimum wage as well as other laws and regulations aimed at helping poor and working people. Classical and modern liberalism differ in slight but significant ways. In classical liberalism, the people are more important than the state. The people have their own...
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...The terms ‘socialism’ and liberalism’ are used a lot nowadays, and many people often mistake one for the other. In order to differentiate between these two terms, one must keep in mind the clear-cut differences by defining the prevailing ideology of each term. The tenets of socialism assert that the state should wield total economic power by manipulating prices of goods and wages of workers. Furthermore, socialism requires people to submit to the rule of law. In return for their compliance, citizens are provided with resources rationed by the government. On the other hand, liberalism is more challenging to define since it is further divided into classical and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism states that the government should take control of an institution in order to ensure that it continues to be of service to the people, free of charge. Classical liberalism does not see any need for the government to enforce law and order and subjugate its citizens under the iron rule of law and order. However, modern liberalism veers away from this ideology by adding a new twist. Modern liberalism asserts that aside from ensuring economic and political security, it is also the government’s job to interfere with people’s day-to-day affairs in order to maintain social security. Modern liberalism, in effect, can be compared to socialism, because both of them assert that the government can effectively uplift its citizens not only by seizing control of the economy or private institutions...
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...When people think of liberalism and socialism, they tend to sometimes get the terms confused with one another. That is understandable considering our ever changing world of politics. While similar in some ways, there is a distinction between liberalism and socialism. However, in order to identify the differences between the two, one must analyze both side’s history and origin. The definition of liberalism has changed from its beginning to today. Liberalism consists of two types; classical liberalism and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism was based on ideas formed by John Locke and Adam Smith. Locke was known as the “originator of liberalism (Analyzing Politics, 5th ed.). In his book, Two Treatises of Government, Locke expressed that he agreed with the idea of limited government. He believed that as long as people followed the laws of nature, which are, preserve yourself, do not harm others, and help others if possible, then there would be little need for government intervention. Although Locke acknowledged that classes of rich and poor would be born through economic change, both him and Adam Smith believed that economic inequality was not necessarily “unjust or unfair (Analyzing Politics, 5th ed.). In the end, both Locke and Smith were in favor of limited government and Smith argued that government should be limited to security, roads, bridges, and schools. Modern liberalism was based on the ideas of English philosopher T.H. Green. Green argued against many...
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...Class: POLI330 What is the difference between liberalism and socialism government? Sometimes people mistakes one for the other. In order to differentiate between these two terms, we have to clear define the ideology of each term. Liberalism is divided into classical and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism states that the government should take control of an institution in order to ensure that it continues to be of service to the people, free of charge. Classical liberalism does not see any need for the government to enforce law and order and subjugate its citizens under the iron rule of law and order. However, modern liberalism veers away from this ideology by adding a new twist. Modern liberalism asserts that aside from ensuring economic and political security, it is also the government’s job to interfere with people’s day-to-day affairs in order to maintain social security. Socialism asserts that the states should have total economic power by manipulating prices of goods and wages of workers. Furthermore, socialism requires people to submit to the rule of law. In return for their compliance, citizens are provided with resources rationed by the government. Modern liberalism, in effect, can be compared to socialism, because both of them assert that the government can effectively uplift its citizens not only by seizing control of the economy or private institutions, but also by keeping...
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...Comparing two Ideologies Liberalism and Socialism Danny Milla Political Science Modern Theory Professor James Stone May 10, 2014 Introduction During the 20th Century the old type of economic system Feudalism, became virtually extinct. At this time two powerful economic systems came to be. First the command economy, which involved more government control of the economy, and second was the market type which believed in free trade and no regulation. This led to a new economic world order which changed the ideologies at the time. Socialism is regarded as the more left wing radicalization of liberalism. Socialism starts on the normative principles that started the bourgeois revolution. Liberal society seeks to embody these ideals of freedom, free trade, and capitalism. Socialism is a more extreme way of pushing forward for liberalism. As Etienne Balibar would say Liberalism’s core values liberty and equality exist in a state of tension with their supposed intentions in the structure of liberal society. This results in a struggle that tends to outrun the limits of liberal capitalism. For Americans socialism and liberalism have a distinct relationship. That binds the economic power into a market, which allows for trade and profit. But after this the ideologies of liberalism and socialism come into effect. Yet for the Europeans especially the left wing for them the idea of a relationship between these two is scandalous. Liberals see socialists as class...
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...parties, this paper will identify which party those quotes derived from. Next this paper will discuss the differences between conservatism, classical liberalism, and socialism. Unlike a democracy, conservatism, classical liberalism, and socialism have three different outlooks on the operation of how the government should operate. The first quote is; “We believe in the power and opportunity of America’s free-market economy. We believe in the importance of sensible business regulations that promote confidence in our economy among consumers, entrepreneurs and businesses alike” (CCRCC, 2012). The quote comes from the national Republican Party. The second quote; “our way we need to modernize and reform our economy for the long term, to deliver fairness at home, more competitiveness abroad, and strong regional growth” this quote comes from President Barrack Obama, which is related to the Democratic Party (Whitehouse, 2012). The third quote is; “Individuals should be free to make choices for themselves and to accept responsibility for the consequences of the choices they make,” this quote id derived from the Libertarian Political Party (The Libertarian Party, 2002). Conservatism According to Agre (2012) conservatism, is a type of rule where a domination of society by an elite class of citizens. Unlike classical liberalism and socialism, conservatism is a type of rule that the...
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...ideologies. 5. What does philosopher Thomas Hobbes believe in? 6. What does philosopher John Locke believe in? 7. What does philosopher Jean-Jacque Rousseau believe in? 8. Draw out a spectrum including the words individualism, collectivism, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. 9. Where was liberalism “born”? 10. What is meant by a liberal democracy? 11. What is meant by social contract? 12. What do the Magna Carta, French Revolution and Declaration of the Rights of Man, and American Revolution and Declaration of Independence/Constitution have in common? 13. Who is Adam Smith and famous book did he write? 14. Who is Karl Marx and what famous book did he write? 15. Draw out a spectrum with the words individualism, collectivism, Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Issue 2: Is resistance to liberalism justified? 16. What is liberalism? What are the major characteristics of liberalism? 17. What was mercantilism? Where did this occur, and between which countries? 18. What is meant by laissez-faire capitalism? 19. Why did capitalism emerge out of a response to mercantilism?...
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...‘Ideologies have become irrelevant to the discussion of politics since the collapse of the communism in East Europe.’(Fukuyama francis,1989) I disagree with this statement in a large extent. Overview Fukuyama published the idea of ‘end of ideology’, which became a controversial issue in 1989. No doubt, fascism and communism had both lost their appeal after the collapse of the communism in east Europe. In the postwar period, the three ideologies-liberalism, socialism and conservation –came to accept the common goal of capitalism. ( Lee, 1990) However, it does not mean that capitalism is a triumph of the world. Jacques mentions that there are many types of Marxism. For instance, orthodox Marxism is produced by the unique history tradition. Therefore, when one specific communism is collapsed, it does not mean that the communism is collapsed. In fact, there still are states that pursue other types of communism. People reflect and become interested in Marxist if capitalism cannot bring them into utopian era. There is no way to say that ideologies are becoming irrelevant to the discussion of politics. Also, All human are political thinkers. We all have difficult thoughts and diverse perceptions when the things happen around us. Modern ideologies such as feminism and ecologism are witnessed. From the observations and judgments, we can find out our own belief of what our world is and what we ought to be. ‘equality , ’rights’ ,’freedom’ ,’justice’ are the expression...
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...and her border states. 6. Based on what Hitler says in these excerpts, what can you guess about his objections to the ideologies of democracy, liberalism, and socialism? Based on what Hitler says in those excerpts, it can be inferred that he did not agree with the ideologies of democracy, liberalism, and socialism. When Hitler discussed about the political leadership and parliament’s role in a “folkish state”, he was strongly supportive of not having majority decisions, rather the best state constitution is the formation of a group of leaders that follow the principle of binding absolute responsibility with absolute authority. However, democracy, liberalism, and socialism contradict Hitler’s beliefs. For instance, democracy, liberalism, and socialism believe that the majority makes the decisions for a nation. Unlike socialism and liberalism, people are not equal to an extent that each race does not have the same amount of power in the government. According to Hitler, Aryans are more superior to Jews because Aryans represent the founders of culture. However, if Jews ruled a state, he believed that civilization will collapse because they lack the idealistic spirit that cultured people have. As a result, Jews would not have the same equal opportunity of controlling resources as Aryans would have, which is against the ideologies of socialism. ...
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...Five Ideology's assignment Mohammad Kareem Conservatism: In Theory Communism would work and is the best way to form a government, but as this ideology was implemented in different countries and nations the reality has shown it might be very far from being perfect. This system of government as well as economy is also based on trying to create equality. Communism can be related to Socialism which creates equality by essentially sharing all profits and land with the community. Unlike socialism however,Communism believes that there is no need for a profit to be given to the worker or for land to be owned by any workers because it creates inequality and this must be done to ensure social order. A Lot of the communist ideology is totally opposite and against capitalist views. There is no competition in communism and wages and salaries are equal across all carers and work. In Communist theory, government leaders should only be temporary and used only to gear the population towards true order and then step down and let the work cycle continued. Many of the communist ideology is predominantly theory and is highly criticized by many nations. In today's day and age many countries have decided to opt out of the communist social structure because it is unpractical and does not provide true equality as theorized. Communism was a fairly modern ideology founded only about 120 years ago but has lingered throughout history. The majour man honoured with the creation of communism is Karl Marx...
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...Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2010 GCE GCE Government & Politics (6GP03) Paper 3B Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners. For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com. If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Summer 2010 Publications Code UA024034 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010 2 6GP03_3B 1006 General Marking Guidance • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according...
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...This essay will discuss some of the main topics covered during this week’s readings. This essay will discuss the steps that must be taken to make amendments to the United States Constitution, the reasons the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights were successfully added to the United States Constitution and why the Equal Rights Amendment was not added. This essay will also discuss what ideology is and the differences between liberalism and conservatism and will lastly outline the differences between Dual Federalism and Cooperative Federalism. Let’s first discuss what steps must be taken to amend the United States Constitution. In order to amend the United States Constitution the amendments may be proposed by the United States Congress or by a national convention assembled at the request of the legislatures of at least two-thirds of the several states (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt, 2012, pg. 53). Another method that can be used to make amendments to the United States Constitution is ratification, although this method in the past has rarely been used, but it can occur by two methods either by obtaining a positive vote of at least three-fourths of the legislatures of several states or by having special conventions called in the states and obtaining a positive vote in three-fourths of them (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt, 2012, pg. 53). Congress has considered more than eleven thousand amendments to the Constitution, but only thirty-three amendments were submitted to the...
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...Liberal democracy is a contradiction in terms.’ Discuss. To what extent is socialism defined by its rejection of capitalism? ‘The notion of a stateless society is merely an anarchist fantasy.’ Discuss. Section A = Explain the key ideas associated with revisionist socialism. On what grounds have conservatives supported paternalism? Explain the link between liberalism and constitutionalism. Why do anarchists view the state as inherently evil and oppressive? Why did Marx believe that capitalism is doomed to collapse, and how did he think this collapse would occur? Jan 2013 Section B To what extent do conservatives support tradition and continuity? ‘Anarchism is merely an extreme form of socialist collectivism.’ Discuss. To what extent have modern liberals departed from the ideas of classical liberalism? Section A = On what grounds have conservatives justified private property? Explain the link between liberalism and individualism. Why have democratic socialists believed that the victory of ‘gradualism’ is inevitable? On what grounds have anarchists rejected constitutionalism and consent? Explain how the neoliberal and neoconservative views of the role of the state differ June 2012 Section B Conservatism merely reflects the interests of the privileged and prosperous. Discuss To what extent have socialists favoured the common ownership of wealth Liberalism is defined by the desire to minimise the role of the state Section A Distinguish...
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...The attitude to property sets socialism apart from Liberalism and Conservatism, which both regard property ownership as natural. Common ownership for socialist is a key principle because they believe according to Socialists property is unjust: they favour common ownership because wealth is produced by the collective effort of human labour, thus should be owned by the community not by privately by individuals. Another reason why socialists favour common ownership is because they believe property breeds acquisitiveness therefore is morally corrupting. Socialists argue that private property encourages people to be materialistic, leading individuals to believe human happiness can be gained through the pursuit of wealth. Those with their own property want to gain more, whilst those who have little or no wealth can no longer acquire it. Socialists also believe property is divisive: It creates conflict in society, for example, this is most clearly illustrated in the Marxist belief of class conflict. According to Marx, class is linked to economic power, as defined by the individuals relationship to the means of production, Class conflict is therefore between ‘capital’ and ‘labour’, that is between the bourgeoisie; owners of productive wealth, and the proletariat; those who live off the sale of their labour. Those who believe in fundamentalist socialism, which is a form of socialism that seeks to abolish capitalism and replace it with a qualitatively different kind of society, favour...
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...‘Power over’ Lec. 3 What is the State? Concepts from the Lecture: Treaty of Westphalia Social Contract Legal-institutionalism Branches of State Levels of State Elitism Pluralism Additional Concepts from the Texts: Night Watchman State Neo-liberal state Welfare State Liberal Democracy Lec. 4 The State: Power, Authority, and Sovereignty Concepts from the Lectures and Readings: Power Authority Sovereignty Weber’s Typology of Authority Concepts from Readings: See Lec. 3 concepts Lec. 5 Political Ideologies: Liberalism Concepts from the Lecture Ideology Left vs. Right ideologies John Locke/ Two Treatises of Government J.S. Mill/ On Liberty Tenets of Liberalism Welfare Liberalism vs. Libertarianism Concepts from Readings The Republic State of nature Tyranny of the majority Harm Principle ‘Politics as a Vocation’ Equality Rights Lec. 6 Republicanism, Conservatism and Socialism Concepts from the Lecture Republicanism Roman ‘Res publica’ Jean Jacques Rousseau Edmund Burke / Reflections on...
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