...Psychology Psychology in simple terms is the studies the minds of human beings and their behaviors. It is difficult to capture about psychology in a brief definition, but topics such as personality development, emotions, motivations and social behavior represents briefly, what psychology explains. It widely entails other scientific discipline and provides appropriate knowledge to solve problems (Pastorino, & Doyle-Portillo, 2011). For example, applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, ergonomics and many other areas affecting daily life of an individual. The different concepts that help to explain psychology include motivation, behaviorism and cognition. How psychological motivation influences Human life. Psychology studies what motivation means to human beings. It explains how secondary motivation to human life and how it influences their behaviors. This intends that human behavior change in different ways and at different circumstances. Motivation is considered an important factor on how people respond to different cases (Elliot, 2008). For example, in an organization where individuals have learned the organization culture and has worked for many years, it is through motivation that they will perform much better than before. It is motivation that encourages a person’s behavior towards their actions. Therefore, psychology major focuses on human behavior based on what can motivate them to act much better. The study of...
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...Gender Identity Ryan Boyd PSY/340 February 28, 2013 Felicia Martin Gender Identity Many people are curious to know what controls a human beings sexual orientation. There has been an ongoing debate about nature versus nurture and its connection to human sexual orientation. There are also other influences that have an effect on sexual differentiation and gender identity. This paper will explain the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the determination of gender identity. The sexual behavior of humans are shaped and influenced by cultural factors that lead human sexuality to be expressed in various ways through many cultures historically. The biological factors in sexual differentiation are very important to the human because it allows a person to grasp and understand the complexities and problems that are involved in human sexual conditions. The premature stages of sexual differentiation after birth are influenced by environmental factors. Once the child advance from childhood and into young adulthood the influences of biological, environmental, and culture has an effect on sexual differentiation. According to Ault and Brzuzy (2009), gender identity is a multifaceted system of ideas surrounding masculinity and femininity, in terms of the roles prescribed to men and women by society, and how they relate to maleness and femaleness in relation to the self. Gender identity is presented through behavioral expressions of masculinity...
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...Many people are curious to know what controls a human beings sexual orientation. There has been an ongoing debate about nature versus nurture and its connection to human sexual orientation. The are also other influences that has an affect on sexual differentiation and gender idenity. This paper will explain the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the the determination of gender identiy. The sexual behavior of humans are shaped and influenced by cultural factors that leads human sexuality to be expressed in various ways through many cultures historically. The biological factors in sexual differentiation are very important to the human because it allows a person to grasp and understand the complexities and problems that are involved in human sexual conditions. The premature stages of sexual differentiation after birth are influenced by environmental factors. Once the child advance from childhood and into young adulthood the influences of biological, environmetal, and culture has an effect on sexual differentiation. According to Ault and Brzuzy (2009), gender identity is a multifaceted system of ideas surrounding masculinity and femininity, in terms of the roles prescribed to men and women by society, and how they relate to maleness and femaleness in relation to the self. Gender identity is presented through behavioral expressions of masculinity and femininity, feelings surrounding the body as a sexual, and individual perceptions...
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...Social psychology studies elements of life situations. Social psychology dives deep into how people analysis and influence one another. Social psychology is a study concerning why a person thinks about, relates to, and influences others. Social psychology consists of the study of learning how people see themselves and others. Social psychology studies people’s beliefs, attitudes, thought process, and judgment making. Social psychology influences how genetic factors and society contribute to who people become, and how he or she interacts with each other. Social psychology researches how people influence people and how he or she are influenced by others. Social psychology examines the ways people cope, such as aggression, persuasion, empathy, and compassion (Crozier, 2000). Crozier, Ivan. (2000, August). Social Psychology. Social Studies of Science, 30(4). According to Fiske (2010), “People influence people.” Social psychology offers an understanding of how people can influence the behavior of other people. Social psychology tries to offer information how the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are changed by imagined or actual attendance of other people (Fiske, 2010). Social psychology is not only about the behavior of people, such as performing when asked. Social psychology also covers how a person may or may not be influenced by a group if the group goes against his or her best judgment (Fiske, 2010). An example of a group influencing a person to go against his or her...
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...of power to influence others within a social group has evolved over centuries. Gaining dominion, wealth and social standing are central motives for gaining power over others within a communal group. Those with power can leverage off humans innate psychological leanings toward normative and informative influences to create the norms which others in society will accede to. Psychological experiments by Stanley Milgram and Solomon Asch demonstrate humans predisposition to obedience and compliance, in order to secure their acceptance within society, mean many can are influenced by those in power. It is an astonishing power, to influence another person or a whole society to buy into a reality created by another. To first understand how those in power can influence others, an understanding of ‘power’ is required. Power is a currency, a power currency, that’s desired by others which affords the holder the ability to exert both influence and dominion over people and surroundings. The ‘currency’ can be power of knowledge, love, charisma, wealth, fear, acceptance, social status, strength, or beauty to identify just a few. An individual or group possessing a power currency desired or feared by others ultimately holds a social balance of power and subsequently gains the ability to influence. Those in power use the media to tell others how they should look, who they should like, how they should act and what they should believe. The powerful use media to sell society its values,...
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...Nature and nurture are the two factors that determine human personality. First, the genetic code of a human being, which is unique and based on hereditary and other factors, will be an indicator of personality. For example, some very young babies will already clearly be "shy" or "extroverted". However, the personality of a baby will be vastly modified by a child's upbringing, and the way they are nurtured by his or her mother and father, or legal guardian. Nature • One example of the way nature affects a baby is brain disorders who are inherited, and which will affect personality. For example, psychological problems related to brain chemistry, such as schizophrenia, are believed to have a strong genetic component. These diseases will be present as mutated genes in a baby, and, over time, they will create behaviour problems that may manifest themselves as a child grows into adulthood. However, the way a child handles their genetic difficulties will be affected by the child's upbringing. Nurture • A child with a genetic disorder that affects personality will handle things better when they are loved, hugged, and well taken care of in the formative years. From babyhood, children require affection, warmth, intellectual stimulation, and respect in order to develop to their best possible potential. Children who lack nurturing in the formative years will suffer from issues, such as poor self-esteem, that affect their ability to socialize and make friends. Children who are...
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...social motives and their affect on the field of social psychology. Social Psychology Social psychology is defined as the “scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual in social situations” (Baron, Byrne & Suls, 1989 p. 6). The classic definition that dates back to Gordon Allport describes social psychology as an attempt to understand how individuals are influenced by the presence of other human beings. According to Fiske (2010) Social psychology is the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings, (p.2). Individuals have different reactions when exposed to social events and having to interact with other people. These changes in behavior, thoughts and feelings contribute to certain areas of the individuals’ personality as well as upbringing. Social psychologists study the influence of social interaction on human beings to try to understand why some individuals have issues when dealing with other human beings. Individuals who tend to have issues with social interaction can suffer from social anxiety phobia. The latest statistics shows that social anxiety disorder to be the third largest mental health care problem in the world today....
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...acceptance of the behavior and the lifestyle as ranged from accepted to criminalized. Finding your voice in accepting your own homosexual identity is most difficult in repressive societies and admitting it to friends and family can be harder than admitting it to one’s self. Society will always have an influence on the behavior; the foundations of that society will also have an affect. Homosexual behavior adapts to each of societies that it was relegated to. Current homosexuals in western society are not excluded from this fact; current culture has, however, offered a unique perspective in rights and choices. From the establishment of “holy doctrines and dogmatic rule” of the Torah, Bible, and Quran, homosexual practices have been deemed unnatural and immoral. This admonition has been focused most upon male-male relations (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Causes for this were not defined in the text; however, regional conversion to Christianity has used immorality to change the power structure in municipalities. Another well-used tradition within the power structures of Islam and Christianity is war. Each of these religious movements has shown the tendencies to expand their influence through conquest and expansion. The necessity of war is men, and historic statistics indicate that these societies promoted procreation, many to end up littered on the field of battle (and often in the name of their God). Male-male homosexual tolerance would have a marked influence on population...
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...Socio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality There is nothing that sparks a debate more than the topic of sexuality. The multitude of opinions in societies displays an attempt to define, promote, or control sexuality. Sexuality is a part of our humanity in which defines sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, pleasure, intimacy, and instigates procreation. Though, sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, roles, behaviours, and relationships; it is greatly influenced by societies, cultures, historical perspectives, religious perspectives, biological forces, psychological theories, ethics, morals, and legal factors. In the United States, known as the “melting pot” because of the mass amounts of cultural influences brought in by immigrants worldwide that now reside on its land; one of the biggest concerns in regards to sexuality are the social and public health challenges that influence sexual behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs. Sexual behavior in not just a personal matter between two people, but rather a theme that can affect society in terms of social expectations for sexual behaviors, gender identity, roles, stereotypes, and bias. Social Expectations on Sexual Behaviors “Sexuality is an important part of our lives” (King, 2012, p.1), currently and amongst the generations before us. Throughout history, sexual behaviours have been largely influenced by culture, religion, and historical perspectives...
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...SEXUAL Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating Winifred Gordon Southern New Hampshire University Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating Summary Because of the lower level of minimum parental investment incurred by men, short-term mating will represent a larger component of men’s sexual strategies than women’s sexual strategies (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating by Buss & Schmitt examines the background on evolutionary theory when it relates to the human mating strategies. The article expands on how both men and women have particular psychological mechanism that triggers which relationships, short term or long term will help them choose a partner for life, when it relates to mating relationships. The article discussed the effects on long-term relationships and how these types of relationships, compares to the short term, which are known to be called brief affairs, one stand, or temporary liaison time lengths. “Long temporal durations, however, mating relationships can last for a few months, a few days, a few hours, or even a few minutes” (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). The article described key hypotheses and predictions that give an outlined summary on theories that were empirically tested that identify sensitive problem in relations with sexual accessibility fertility, commitment seeking and avoidance, paternity certainty, male and females value, and parental investment. In comparison...
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...and Biological Foundations of Behavior What will the Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section test? The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section asks you to solve problems by combining your knowledge of foundational concepts with your scientific inquiry and reasoning skills. This section tests your understanding of the ways psychological, social, and biological factors influence perceptions and reactions to the world; behavior and behavior change; what people think about themselves and others; the cultural and social differences that influence well-being; and the relationships between social stratification, access to resources, and well-being. The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section emphasizes concepts that tomorrow’s doctors need to know in order to serve an increasingly diverse population and have a clear understanding of the impact of behavior on health. Further, it communicates the need for future physicians to be prepared to deal with the human and social issues of medicine. This section is designed to • • • • • test psychology, sociology, and biology concepts that provide a solid foundation for learning in medical school about the behavioral and sociocultural determinants of health; test concepts taught at many colleges and universities in first-semester psychology and sociology courses; test biology concepts that relate to mental processes and behavior that are taught at many colleges...
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...education as a condition of human Survival. It is the means where by one generation Transmits the wisdom, knowledge and experience Which prepares the next generation for life duties And pleasure. This definition on education helps us to act with more insight and more intelligence in molding the youth in an acceptable manner. We can give a sound academic mission to the youth by teaching them survival skills such as carpentry, pottery, basketry and other survival skills which can better their lives. Human beings not only acquire new skills but also form the society. To this effect parents and teachers should work hand in hand in order to help the youths themselves have knowledge and in coming up with relevant ways it’s a matter of assisting them. By teaching the young ones, knowledge is transmitted from one generation to the next. This simply enlightens us that education is a continuous process. The statement “sky is the limit” helps us to have a wide knowledge about all aspects of education. Education prepares individuals to do things it is their responsibility to do them. For instance parents have the duty to teach children good morals in order to prepare them for the challenges ahead. It is of paramount importance to define sociology before defining sociology of education. This is because sociology is related to sociology of education. Auguste Comte was the first man to come up with the term sociology, which means “the study of society”. A society is where a group of...
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...There are a number of ways in which society controls undesirable behaviors without passing laws to restrict them. Society teaches people at a young age how they are expected to behave. One way to discourage bad behavior is for members of the society, to shame the poor behaved population into behaving as expected, this is called peer pressure. Everyone wants to feel accepted in society, so they change their whole human being in order to fit in with everyone else. Books, such as Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem are written to represent the future of how these problems escalated into an even greater problem. Books are a way to pull at the strings of society because with them authors can show readers how dehumanized they come to certain material. “We...
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...Culture and Socialization Learning to be Human Understanding Cause & Effect • Correlation - the existence of a regular relationship between two sets of occurrences or variables. • Causation - a relationship in which one event or situation brings about the other. • Correlation does not imply causation. But a causal relationship must mean that two variables are correlated. Sociological Imagination • The more we understand what is happening in the world, the more frustrated we often become, for our knowledge leads to feelings of powerlessness. We feel that we are living in a world in which the citizen has become a mere spectator or a forced actor, and that our personal experience is politically useless and our political will a minor illusion (Mills 1959) Macro argument. Chapter 3 Culture & Society The Concepts of Culture Culture - The values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create. Values - abstract ideals. For example, monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies. Norms - definite principles or rules people are expected to observe Society - a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture. The Concepts of Culture Culture and society are closely related. Cultural variations among humans are linked to different types of society. No culture could exist without a society; equally, no society could exist without culture. The Concepts of Culture Ethnocentrism – judging...
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...most beautiful thing in the world. Men and women fall in love, get married, and build a family unit in society. At the same time, the same-sex love is becoming more acceptable by society because it is also driven by nature. Should the same-sex marriage be legal becomes one of the most hot topics. Some people embrace the view that same-sex marriage should be legal because they consider same-sex as a natural behavior which should be protected by law. I concern, however, the harm of the same-sex marriage outweighs than benefits. So it should not be legal. First and foremost, the law is established to protect eligible right of citizens. So it should not be legal if the behavior will block the right developing direction of society. To begin with, not all natural behaviors are allowed to be legal. For example, marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by law. Why is it forbidden even though intermarriage is also driven by nature? It is forbidden because it will influence the quality of new generation due to high probability of inherited disease, as well as bad influence in morality, which would disturb the harmony of society. So does the same-sex marriage. Some people may do not agree because they consider the same-sex tendency as a consequence affected by certain order of DNA, which cannot be controlled by human mind. So they think the law should not deny the instinct of human, which is controlled by DNA. But I do not agree with them. According to the newest research by scientists...
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