...used to describe a framework for the analysis of these macro environmental factors. In this document we will discuss only two factors. 1. Socio-cultural factors 2. Technological factors TELENOR HISTORY: Telenor is the Telecommunication Company in Norway. Telenor started its operations on 15th of March 2005 and holds one of six mobile licenses in Pakistan. Today, Telenor is mostly an international wireless carrier with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia. Telenor Group provides telecommunication services in 13 countries across Europe and Asia. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS: Social cultural factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company's products and how that company operates. This factor varies from country to country. Here are some factors which influence the telenor in Pakistan. These are the factors which can not be changed and the organization has to adapt these factors or adjust with these. Religion: As Pakistan is an Islamic country and people are very strict in case of Islam. Most of the people come from ethnic background. Any things against the philosophy of Islam on either print or electronic media are treated as against Pakistan. Culture: Pakistani peoples are very cultural. Most of the people dislike anything extra-ordinary or something which...
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...Technical methods that affect the industry Mobile networks are one of the most technical aspects of any mobile company and the technological changes affecting the networks have changed considerably, since the first mobile company Paktel was introduced in Pakistan. Paktel s network ran on advanced mobile phone system (AMPS). Amps WAS THE ANALOG MOBILE PHONE STANDARD DEVELOPMENT BY bell Labs. AMPS were a first generation cellular technology that used separate frequencies or channels , for each conversation. AMPS used considerably more computing power in order to select frequencies; however cell centers could flexible assign channels to handsets based on signal strength, allowing the same frequency to be reused in various locations without interference. However it suffered from some weaknesses when compared to today s digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard it was very susceptible to static and noise and had no protection from caves dropping used scanner. However with the introduction of mobilink in 1992, Pakistan s mobile industry entered into the second generation of mobile networks with GSM. GSM is the most popular standard for mobile phones me the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82% of the global mobile markets use the standard. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and...
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...Review Article Violence against Women in Pakistan: A Framework for Analysis Parveen Azam Ali1, Maria Irma Bustamante Gavino2 University of Sheffield1, United Kingdom, Aga Khan University School of Nursing2, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract Understanding violence against women is as complex as its process. As a perusal of literature shows that most of the explanations were contextually and culturally based, this review attempts to analyze the issue of violence against women using theories applicable within the Pakistani context. Literature examining the issue of violence against women and its various theories was reviewed. A framework using the determinants of violence against women as proposed, include intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the people, the socio-economic- political and cultural system of Pakistan and the influences of surrounding countries. The Pakistani scenario has been described and the theoretical bases were presented. Each determinant has been discussed with supporting literature. Further studies are needed to strengthen the framework; however, it provided a modest view of violence against women in Pakistan. The framework would help the policy and decision makers to understand the dynamics of violence against women and may move them to action to bring about improvements in women's' lives. Introduction Understanding violence against women is a complex issue. Several explanations coming from various theories have been offered to understand...
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...27, No. 2, July-December 2012, pp.439-458 Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan F.C College University ABSTRACT Civil society in Pakistan has been playing its role in social, economic and political empowerment of women. Unfortunately, despite of the emergence of vibrant print/electronic media, wide-spread network of women related non-governmental organizations and the focus of political parties on women related issues; a large segment of female population is still struggling hard for the equal status. However, it is pertinent to state that the notion of women empowerment is deeply linked with an over-all change in patriarchal structure of the society, on one side and the truthful understanding of religion (Islam) on the other. We cannot neglect this reality that the growing trend to provide equal opportunities of education and employment to women has contributed to their welfare, but not effective through to make a dent in their over-all well-being. In spite of the fact that more representation is given to the women in legislatures, neither have they suggested remedies for the grievances and dismal plight of women, nor they could suggest the broad framework to improve the role of female socio-economic and political in Pakistan. KEY WORDS: Civil Society, Pakistan, Woman, Welfare, Gender, NGO Introduction This paper intends to establish a linkage between the issues of women empowerment and the contribution of the civil society, to...
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...Doing Business in Pakistan 1. Methodology 1. Choosing the topic 2. Formulating the research questions 3. Objective of the Research 4. Research Model 2. Theoretical Framework PEST Analysis Political and Legal Environment Economic Environment Socio-Cultural Environment Technological Environment Porter Five Forces Threats of New Entrants Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining power of Suppliers Threat of Substitutes Ansoff Matrix Summary 4. Empirical Findings Uncontrollable Environmental Factors Political and Legal Environment Economic Environment Socio-Cultural Environment Technological Environment Porter Five Forces Threats of New Entrants Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining power of Suppliers Threat of Substitutes Summary Methodology 1.1Choosing the topic: Here we will describe why did we choose a selected topic. 1.2Formulating the research questions: After choosing the research topic, there was a concern that what should be our research question? So, we should focus our research on the issue that what can be suitable and effective marketing strategy for our selected industry in Pakistan? A suitable marketing...
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...of using Social Networking Sites with the formation of bonding and bridging social capital in Pakistan Saeed Ahmad a, *, Mudasir Mustafa b, Ahsan Ullah c a b c Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat, Pakistan Department of Sociology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 16 March 2015 Received in revised form 14 October 2015 Accepted 14 December 2015 Available online 21 December 2015 The objectives of this confirmatory study were to investigate the association of socio-economic demographics (age, education of respondent, gender, monthly family income, parentage education), motives (communication and information, self-actualization and outward looking) of using Social Networking Sites (SNSs) and attitudinal and behavior variable (intensity of using SNS, self-esteem, gratification with university life, duration of use, and number of ties) with the formation of bonding and bridging social capital. Total 461 students, aged 18e35 years filled the questionnaire, from randomly selected departments of University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Regression analysis was used to assess the association among variables. The study indicated that Facebook is the most popular SNS among university students in Pakistan. Intensity of using SNS, duration of using SNSs, and motives of using SNSs were found to be positively...
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...Social forces and historical trends shape our world and ourselves despite where we live or come from. The various cultures that we bring with ourselves shape our experiences. Immigrants not only bring themselves for a better life, but they bring their experiences and culture to contribute to Canada's multicultural society. However, the counter narrative implies that our dominant culture is forced upon immigrants to assimilate to. My mother was an immigrant to Canada, she faced numerous struggles due to her journey from Pakistan to Canada. By migrating here, she though that her struggles would have diminished however that did not happen so easily. Immigrants start at the bottom of the financial ladder when they move here. Due to their status, any and all opportunities they were to have back home were not available to pursue here. To be satisfied and proud of what you have earned and become,...
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...Culture of Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the Culture of Pakistan Pakistan Monument, Islamabad History[show] People[show] Languages[show] Traditions Mythology and folklore[show] Cuisine Festivals[show] Religion[show] Art[show] Literature[show] Music and performing arts[show] Media[show] Sport Monuments[show] Symbols[show] Culture portal Pakistan portal v t e This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the subject. (March 2013) This article may contain original research. (March 2013) This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012) The 17th century Badshahi Mosque built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore The society and culture of Pakistan (Urdu: ثقافت پاکستان) comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups: the Punjabis, Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi, Baltistani and Burusho communities in the north. These Pakistani cultures have been greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries' cultures, such as the Turkic peoples, Persian, Arab, and other South Asian ethnic groups of the Subcontinent, Central Asia and the Middle East. In ancient times, Pakistan was a major cultural hub.[citation needed] Many cultural practices...
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...Introduction Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan with 44 percent landmass of the country but has 5.6 percent of the population. The province which is almost half of the country’s land mass has been receiving least attention by successive governments since independence. Therefore the huge potentials of this province to become a strong economical hub could not be exploited and till today it remains the poorest of all four provinces. Apparently a barren province from agriculture point of view is rich in its natural resources. Huge reserves of mineral deposits, gas, oil and long sea shore makes this province extremely attractive at regional as well as at international level. The absence of basic development infrastructure and effective strategy coupled with backwardness, scant population base, rugged terrain exploited by sub nationalist leaders and sardars continue to undermine the progress and socio economic development of the area. Aim To carry out an indepth analysis of vast potential of natural resources in Balochistan with a view to suggesting a pragmatic natural resource development strategy for the province. Scope The paper will be developed in the following sequence:- a. Part I: Balochistan – Some Facts. b. Part II: Natural Resources – Potentials and Constraints. c. Part III: Recommendations. d. Concl. PART I FACTS ABOUT BALOCHISTAN Largest province of Pakistan, stretching over 44 percent of total area of the...
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...nutritional products, laboratory diagnostics, medical devices and pharmaceutical therapies. Its vision and mission focus on improving people's lives by providing cost effective healthcare products and services. Abbott Pakistan started operations as a marketing affiliate of Abbott Laboratories in 1948. Today, it has 1,346 employees and two manufacturing facilities at Landhi and Korangi in Karachi. Continuous innovation, research and development at Abbott's worldwide facilities enable Abbott Pakistan to offer products and services focused on improving healthcare in line with the changing needs of its customers. The company is also working on implementing its global CSR standards in Pakistan, and actively supports and participates in disaster relief efforts and activities. “We view our commitment to global citizenship not only as a business responsibility, but also as an opportunity to improve lives around us. Caring is one of our core values and is all about making a difference in people’s lives. We have contributed to improving lives for more than 50 years, while strengthening the company and its communities for future generations,” says Asif Jooma, Managing Director at Abbott Pakistan. Atlas Honda Atlas Honda Limited (AHL) is the leading manufacturer of motorcycles in Pakistan. It manufactures and markets the country’s largest selling Honda motorcycles in collaboration with Honda Motor Company, and also exports them to different countries. AHL is a joint venture between Pakistan’s Atlas...
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...i Civil Services Academy, Lahore Pakistan Administrative Campus 36th STP Syndicate Research Topic: Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan Dated: 6-12-2013 SYNDICATE MEMBERS: 1. Dharmoon Bhawani (Leader) 2. Amna Rafique 3. Kamal Khan 4. Nergis Shazia Chaudhary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………………………1 2. Syndicate Members………………………………………………………………………2 3. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...3 4. Theme…………………………………………………………………………………….4 5. Preface……………………………………………………………………………………7 6. Thesis Statement…………………………………………………………………………8 7. Executive statement………………………………………………………………………9 8. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………...….11 9. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..12 10. Statement of Problems………………………………………………………………….13 11. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………14 12. Scope of Study………………………………………………………………………….14 13. Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………….15 SECTION 1: GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….17 1.2. Definition of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment…………………….17 1.3. Current state of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan……..18 1.4. Biswas’s Indicator of Women Empowerment ………………………………….19 1.5. Violence against Women………………………………………………………..19 1.6. Women Empowerment in Legislation and Judiciary…………………………...20 1.7...
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...The private roots of public participation: Women’s engagement in democratic politics in Pakistan Dissertation – MA Gender and Development Marion R. Mueller, September 2004 Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion about the involvement of women as decision-makers in democratic political processes. It questions the conditions that are necessary to promote such involvement and that open up spaces for the translation of women’s representation into political influence. The context of the devolution of power process in Pakistan shows that it is not enough to only set up democratic institutions to achieve women’s political effectiveness. Instead there is need for significant support through the state, political parties and civil society. To personalise the political is necessary for successfully being able to achieve policy outcomes that reflect women’s interests. Table of contents Abbreviations & Foreign Words 4 List of Figures and Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 Choice of case study 8/ Methodology 9/ Dissertation structure 10 2. Locating women’s engagement in democratisation 11 3. Imagining the political: women and the nature of the state 16 The framework of the state 16/ Defining access: affirmative action policies in Pakistan 16/ Devolving power to the grassroots 18/ Personalising the political: the presence of women councillors 20 4. Institutionalising the political:...
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...EFFECTS OF CABLE TELEVISION ON WOMEN IN PAKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEAVY AND LIGHT VIEWERS IN LAHORE http://prr.hec.gov.pk/thesis/35s.pdf ABSTRACT This study investigates the “effects of cable television on the life patterns of women in Lahore, Pakistan” through survey using interviews’ schedule as a tool of data collection. It targeted 432 women aged 18-40 years and viewing cable television for a minimum two years. The study recorded the respondent’s consumption patterns, level of viewing, preferred channels and programs, favorite watching time, control over remote and restrictions on viewing. It crossed checked the above factors with the level of viewing alongwith demographic characteristics of the respondents. The major hypothesis studied was “greater the exposure to cable television greater the impact on the lives of women.” The sub-hypothesis included ‘heavy viewers have greater effect on their activities, family and social interaction patterns, cultural practices, domestic and personal expenditure, and they are more influenced by the television characters especially depicting western and urban Indian women than the moderate and light viewers. The data was analyzed through univariate and bivariate statistical procedures and the results are presented in two categories: i.e. general and major findings of hypothesis testing. The general findings revealed that the majority of respondents were aged 31 to 40 years, belonged to the middle...
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...Title: Course Project – Islamic Religion. Name: Oluwatosin T. Ajibola Institution: DeVry University The only way one will be able to have much knowledge about the Muslims is through the researching from different sources, academic research, traveling, knowing what is going on around you, and reading – accepted books or journals that talks about Islam. Gale says the meaning of Islam as the submission to God. He also talks about the history of Islam that the founder/restorer of Islam is Prophet Muhammad. Newberg misconception of belief towards Islam is that Muhammad is God fearing but Muhammad did not know how to escape the future vengeance for the Muslims. Malik argues the Islam cultural diversity and thinks there is no democracy in Muslim societies, but still Islam societies are modernizing and developing economically and their literacy rates are increasing steadily which makes the democratic movements in Islam societies to be picking up at different speeds in different countries. Teachings about Muslims teaches by Gale when he said there are two main branches of Islam; Sunni and Shia, there will be further clarification of the two main branches. Islam is one of the types of religion that the worshippers are very good believers, very submissive, and there are some words in Islam that really means a lot to the worshippers of Islam. Islam means submission to God. Muslims express their submission to their God by following the five pillars of Islam. The five pillars of Islam...
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...which are established articles on this broader topic. This research will likely become more focused as I develop the paper. Origin of Gender Roles The gender roles have evolved a great deal from the onset of the human civilization which started as hunter gathers. The males were primarily responsible to provide food, shelter and protection while the women looked after the offspring and took care of the tribe. The Functionalist perspective explains this fairly non-overlapping segregation of gender roles in the pre-industrial society. Evolution of Gender Roles For a considerable period of time there was little or no interaction between the different civilizations and therefore each society developed its own distinct culture and the socialization process. The local socio-economic factors, religious beliefs, legal and political factors had huge impact of the development of gender roles. In the initial years of the 21st century the agents of socialization had a very narrow, local and a limited impact. These agents were the family, peers, the school and then the workplace. However, industrialization changed all that in a number of ways. The advent of mass production and television were two agents that have had a profound and a global impact on the...
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