SOCIOLOGY – AQA – UNIT 4 - CRIME AND DEVIANCE

The exam is split into 3 questions:

• Q.1 is a pure methods section which contains two parts a) 12 marks and b) 21 marks. You should spend 45 minuets on this question.

• Q.2 is a method in context question. Part a) is for 9 marks [could also be a 3 and 6 mark question] and part b) is for 15 marks. You should spend 30 minuets on this question.

• Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question.

Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section.

Q.1

For the first two pure crime parts you need to know:

Functionalist theories of crime and deviance

Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide

Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations

Cohen – Status frustration

Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures

New Right/Right Realism

James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed

Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance

Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass

Erdos – Families without fathers

Subcultural theories

Cohen – Delinquent subcultures

Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures

Willis – pupil subcultures (learning to labour)

Patrick – Gang culture (Glasgow gangs)

Humphreys – Gay subcultures and covert participant observation

Miller – Focal concerns, lower working class male subculture

Matza – Delnquency and drift, techniques of neutralisation, subterranean values

Marxist theories of crime and deviance

Gordon – Criminogenic