...THE SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS PAPER Social psychology is the scientific field that pursues to understand the nature of individual behavior in social situations. It uses science to find out how people interact with people and how people think about others. When we think of science, many people feel that it has always been around when in actuality the field of social psychology has only come about in the twentieth century. Since then a form of psychology emerged they study every part of social behavior and social thought. Social psychologists often use experimentation and correlational methods in their research. Experimentation is procedures in which researchers systematically vary one or more factors to examine the impact of change in an area of social behavior or thought. During correlation, scientists observe and measure two or more variables to determine if changes in one are made by changes of others. Social psychologists also use a statistical procedure called a research synthesis or a meta-analysis because they need to compare the results of the other studies. It is interesting that social psychologists are guided by formal theories. These are logical frameworks that seek to explain various aspects of social behavior and thought. Organizational behavior is the study of human and group behavior. Organizations using methods such as sociology, anthropology, political science, and psychology. This study includes the understanding of key concepts to help us to understand...
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...Applying Sociological Concepts Climate change is the process in which the earth’s climate changes gradually over time. We are seeing the affects of climate change everywhere as the temperature continues to increase and results in consequences such as the melting of glaciers. The melting of the glaciers has caused a significant increase of water in oceans which severely affects many organism’s natural habitats. According to NASA many scientists agree that the main cause of this is the release of greenhouse gases (climate.nasa.gov, 2017). Left unchecked climate change threatens to cause major mass extinctions and severely affect our lives. Many people have seen the importance of acting on this for numerous reasons but there are also...
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...Week 2 Assignment: Relativism and Morality Kendra Jones SOC 120: Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility Prof. Donna Falloon Monday, January 16th, 2012 Introduction Relativism is a concept that forges reality advancing assumptions which declare nothing to be absolutely true or valid. This is so because what has been proven true or valid is always based on personal perceptions which may be influenced by various predisposing factors. Often they may be merely subjective sentiments which are not universal since they only represent the view point of a few, the minority, majority or imposition of a dictator (Baghramian, 2004). When conceptualized within the context of morality it impinges on the framework that truth is applicable only as it pertains to specific guidelines and adaptations. Hence, if morality then becomes as issue in determining truth; it is sieving intentions to decipher purity and whether they are based on justice or outcomes that are beneficial to all. Therefore, this section of my presentation will focus on Lenn Goodman’s (2010) ‘Some Moral Minima:’ A Perspective. Also, a discussion on whether the conceptual framework advanced by this author challenges relativism will be embraced as well as a personal analysis of the themes. Lenn Goodman- ‘Some Moral Minima:’ A Perspective Lenn Goodman (2010) as any social scientist has to justify the morals of society. To say otherwise is to be...
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...in a rut. "There's so much to do in Chicago," he explains,"but I found myself going to the same movie theaters and restaurants." To help people like him try new places, Mason started a website that offered coupons to large groups. He reasoned that people would try something new if the price was low enough, and that businesses would offer low prices if they knew they Sem: July 2013 Page 2 of 5 BBM104/05 Principles of Marketing could sell a large quantity. The result was Groupon, a company that offers "group coupons" in deal-of-the-day offerings for local or national businesses. Consumers love the concept, buying everything from restaurant certificates, to yoga lessons, to tickets to a museum exhibit. "We think the Internet has the potential to change the way people discover and buy from local businesses," says Mason. The Company and Groupon Concept Mason launched Groupon in October 2008 with a two-pizzas-for-the-price-of-one offer at the Motel Bar, a restaurant located...
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...researching the information that you have provided. Behaviorism (grand theory) The theory that I chose was behaviorism. Behaviorism is a grand theory of the human development and studies the observation of behavior. This theory is also a learning theory it explains the laws and the process as to how people learn to behave. According to John Watson, “if psychologists can focus on behavior, they will realize that everything can be learned.” I can apply this theory to several concepts as it relates to my Christian worldview. The first concept is prayer; the very first prayer that is learned is The Lord’s Prayer. Through behavior you learned this either listening to someone recite this prayer or you learned it by reading the bible. The second concept is worship. Worship is first learned and then through maturity you develop your own sense of worship. Worship is learned at home by parents or those whom you live with or it’s learned at your church by those who you attend worship service with. The last concept is praise. Praise just like worship is a very important part of my worldviews. Praise is a learned behavior because it teaches you how to give honor to God. Again just like worship this is learned through watching those who worship. Behaviorism can...
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...children’s conceptions change during the instructional process and how the social discussion during the experimental exploration can be seen in terms of the cognitive changes in children. Young children’s conceptual change has not been as widely studied as that in older students. The researcher in this case study suggested that conceptual changes as a party of the learning process should be viewed as a life long process, which begins before children enter school. Six-year-old children undergo floating and sinking during their conceptual change process. This article attempted to describe this process and how social discourse during the process of knowledge construction is linked to the change in children’s concepts. Conceptual change had generally been examined only through cognitive functions as a general process without consideration of the context before this case study. The children that were selected for this study were pre-schoolers age six. They all hailed from the city of Joensuu, Finland and were from the kindergarten involved with the ESKO research project. The groups wanted to participate in the study, but the researchers taught the topic after the teachers disagreed. The children came from two different groups in the kindergarten with mixed genders. The research was conducted into three parts: pre-interview, instructional process, and post-interview. The pre-interview consisted of two parts that aimed...
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...Alienation is a key theme in Peter Skryznecki’s Migrant Hostel and Tim Winton’s Neighbours. The authors use techniques to engage the reader and to teach the responder about alienation and how it affects people. Skryznecki uses symbolism to convey that migrants were alienated from Australian society. Skryznecki says "barrier at the main gate" to emphasize how the migrants were excluded from the outside world. The "barrier" is both literal and symbolic. It is symbolic of the barrier to belonging in Australia, and the alienation of migrants. Skryznecki uses similes to reiterate his point that migrants were alienated. He say "like a homing pigeon" to compare migrants to birds. He does this to show that the migrants don't belong the are constantly moving to survive like birds do. He further develops this idea through a second simile "like birds of passage". He is explaining that nothing was certain, and there was no security or place of belonging. The migrants feel alienated and want to belong but the Migrant hostel won't let them, they are being forced into alienation. Skryznecki uses similes to convey his thematic concern of alienation. Perceptions and ideas of belonging, and of not belonging, vary. There is no definite truth to where someone belongs. A person can belong somewhere different to where they are assumed to belong. and can not be forced on someone. People belong to different groups than others. Perceptions of belonging are shaped by personal, cultural and social...
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...loved ones, which can be valued by contemporary audiences today due to it being an issue that is faced by everybody in their life at some point. When a loved one is no longer part of an individual’s life, one may experience grief and as a result realise the role and importance of that loved one. From my perspective, Harwood presents the concept of loss of loved ones through MWGML with the euphemism “You left the world so”, which highlights that her mother was not only a loss to her life but also a loss to the world, suggesting that she had great value and respect for her mother. There is a similar significance placed on her mother’s life that is stressed with the use of alliteration in “lived nearly thirty thousand days”. This presents the idea that she lived daily as a mother contributing to the lives of her children. Harwood also introduces a cloth motif in her poem, through the line “when she died she was folding a little towel” to highlight the importance of her day to day life. Harwood then sustains this motif later in her poem with “a fabric of marvels”. This motif, combined with “lived nearly thirty thousand days”, reinforces the concept that every day of her life was important. Also through the use of the...
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...Cares is currently operating with positive margins based on this goodwill concept. Research shows that while some people cannot pay much or nothing at all, others that can afford to pay typically pay more (Ron Shaich, 2012). Panera Cares illustrates that business models do not always need to follow conventional management concepts. This concept is gaining recognition in the business world, local communities and also challenges other corporations to review their business models and strategies with consideration to the community and people that make them successful. Introduction Panera Bread has decided to take action regarding the slumping economy that has caused many Americans to go hungry. According to the US Department of Agriculture, last year, 17.2 million households faced food insecurity (Martin, 2012). The result of this growing epidemic is Panera Cares, a restaurant cafe where people can eat nutritious food in the same uplifting environment Panera is known for and pay whatever they can afford (Ron Shaich, 2012). Food insecurity in our country is the major concern of Panera Cares and is the heart of the company vision. A menu is available with a slight twist, no prices only suggestions; customers are encouraged to pay whatever they like. Each community cafe is self-sustaining; showcasing the common good in people to do the right thing. The business concept was created with the intent to build a partnership with the community and...
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...include: stability and change, individual and team, long and short term, autocratic and participatory and my topic, cost and quality. Any of these pairs are known to counter the other. In my case, it is important to note that when quality improves, cost generally increases and vice versa. Throughout this paper I will discuss managerial approaches to utilize these two concepts to your advantage without ever overlooking either of them. It is important to embrace the fact that there are polarities everywhere we turn and instead of trying to fight against them, we should develop their concepts to make us more complete. Larry Hirschhorn has argued that in order for managers to become proficient in managing polarities, they must develop a set of “rules of thumb” for when they encounter different circumstances. They establish these rules with the hopes of somewhat standardizing their way of thinking as well as how to allocate resources for each instance. The guidelines are generally developed to recognize patterns and opportunities. Hirschhorn recommends managers create a 2 x 2 table to help illustrate this concept and to categorize its different states. Each axis would include a “hi” and “lo” status with the top right box representing the “Hi-Hi” state. The “Hi-Hi” state would represent the situation which required the expert’s immediate attention (Hirschhorn, 2001, p. 12) Below is an example of a polarity map for my argument. Competitive Advantage Goods are manufactured...
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...In the 1980s the usefulness of the FASB’s Conceptual Framework was soon questioned. Indeed, many researchers have pointed out the incompleteness, the inconsistency, the circular reasoning and non-operationality of the American Framework (Dopuch and Sundern, 1980; Solomons, 1986; Gerboth, 1987; Hines, 1989). Moreover, the decision-useful objective didn’t gather real support when the FASB carried out a survey to determine if constituencies did agree with the Trueblood report objectives of financial reporting (Dopuch and Sunder, 1980). Notwithstanding these issues, the FASB and the IASB go further towards a focus on capital providers needs in their joint project of revision of the Conceptual Framework when writing that financial reporting is not primarily directed to other groups than capital providers. There is a possibility that the objectives assigned to financial accounting as a social activity is directed by a dominant group that imposes its will on all others involved in the activity by making its own objective become the objective of the social activity (Dopuch and Sunder, 1980). Therefore, when criteria are used to justify the identification of primary users, there should be a comprehensive analysis of their definition, their importance for each category of users of financial reporting and if other criteria should be taken into account before reaching strong structuring conclusions on the objective of financial reporting and on identifying their primary users...
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...remembering specific details from classroom lectures without good notes. These note taking strategies will help you to take better notes: ▪ Make clear and accurate notes Make sure to take legible and accurate notes since it is not uncommon to forget key details discussed in class after it has ended. Frequently, students comprehend the teacher's lecture, so they'll neglect to jot down specific details only to forget them later. Students who keep accurate notes can review them later to fully grasp key concepts during personal study time. Additionally, since during classroom lectures teachers frequently cover many topics, effective notes enable students to concentrate on specific topics. ▪ Come to class prepared Students properly prepared for class usually take better notes. Proper preparation includes completing assigned reading prior to class and reviewing notes from previous lectures. Students who do this can ask questions about confusing concepts and be prepared for new topics. ▪ Compare your notes To ensure your notes are as accurate and detailed as possible, compare them with the notes of other students after class is over. This is useful because your colleagues will frequently write down lecture details that you forgot or missed. This strategy will make classroom notes more thorough and precise. ▪ Minimize distractions Effective note takers avoid classroom distractions. This can include sitting in spots with fewer distractions and...
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...Writing Assignment 2: Hero Concept In literature there are many different concepts that authors use, one concept that is used is the 'hero concept,' which can capture any audience, and can be seen in many different ways, but it's pretty clear that a hero is someone with the will to stand up for what they believe in, has courage, and is strong for others. People in general, at some point, have wanted to be the hero, or have the courage to stand up for what they believe in. More often than not, people stand by and don't act in a heroic manner, so when reading a story, poem, or other piece of literature that uses the hero concept; it captures the reader and keeps the reader interested. The hero concept is clearly used in "Bodega Dreams," "Hard Rock Returns to Prison for the Criminal Insane," and "The Train from Hate." The authors of these pieces of literature keep the reader captivated by using the hero concept, and the pathos appeal, evoking a sense of emotion in the reader. "Bodega Dreams" by Ernesto Quinonez has a great example of a hero. This short story is of a class of apparent minority students, who are told by one teacher that they will never amount to anything, and would end up in jail or on the streets. Since the students are being constantly told that they will fail, they don't make an effort. This causes another teacher, the "hero," to become very angry, because he wants to see his students succeed. The narrator reveals this teachers heroic nature when the teacher...
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...their practices is complex and context dependent. There is an argument about the relationship of teachers’ beliefs and practices and to find out frameworks of understanding the consistency and inconsistency of teachers’ beliefs and knowledge. There are different views about the concept of belief, depending on the point of view of the theorist or researcher. According to Mansour (2009), beliefs are one of the most difficult concepts to define. Although educational literature has paid great attention to teachers‟ beliefs, there is still no clear definition of belief (Savasci-Acikalin, 2009). As Pajares (1992) argued, “the difficulty in studying teachers‟ beliefs has been caused by definitional problems, poor conceptualizations, and differing understandings of beliefs and belief structures” (p. 307). Therefore, the definitions of beliefs have been varied in the literature. He suggested that researchers need agreement on meaning and conceptualization of belief. Dewey (1938) developed a bipolar model within which there were two opposite dimensions: on the one pole, beliefs were characterized as traditional, and on the other as progressive. These two poles formed a uni-dimensional system, since the concept of belief consisted of traditional and progressive components which were negatively related. Thus, a person oriented at the traditional pole would be expected to disagree with progressive ideas and vice versa. In an attempt to...
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...a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies (i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and competition). Positioning is also defined as the way by which the marketers attempt to create a distinct impression in the customer's mind. Positioning is a concept in marketing which was first introduced by Jack Trout ( "Industrial Marketing" Magazine- June/1969) and then popularized by Al Ries and Jack Trout in their bestseller book "Positioning - The Battle for Your Mind." (McGraw-Hill 1981) This differs slightly from the context in which the term was first published in 1969 by Jack Trout in the paper "Positioning" is a game people play in today’s me-too market place" in the publication Industrial Marketing, in which the case is made that the typical consumer is overwhelmed with unwanted advertising, and has a natural tendency to discard all information that does not immediately find a comfortable (and empty) slot in the consumers mind. It was then expanded into their ground-breaking first book, "Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind," in which they define Positioning as "an organized system for finding a window in the mind. It is based on the concept that communication can only take place at the right time and under the right circumstances" (p. 19 of 2001 paperback edition). What most will agree on is that Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of...
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