...or Métis women, author Maria Campbell shares the “joys, the sorrows, the love and the tragedies of her childhood” in a Canadian society facing the cruel realities of poverty and suffering. Additionally, Cambpell’s autobiography is a story of struggling while overcoming social oppression and violence. The Half-Breed memoir can be related to Sociology: A Canadian Perspective and some course content because many of her experiences can be viewed in sociological ways. Engaging in both texts, four main sociological concepts are discussed in relation to my understanding of the course: Meritocracy, social stratification, intersectionality, and systematic discrimination. These key concepts are significant because they heavily contribute to the Sociology course and defined the hardships Maria Campbell faced as a Half-breed women. Meritocracy can be seen as being a social system in which an individual's achievement is primarily rewarded to people with the most abilities. The Sociology textbook defines this term as a form of social stratification that relies on differences in effort and ability rather than ascribed statuses such as gender, age or race. (Tepperman, Albanese and Curtis 2008). In chapter two of Half-breed, meritocracy is present through Campbell’s words regarding the Métis people and the government system. Land act policies created by the government play a major role in Maria’s human rights and dignity, as corruption is a central theme throughout the novel. The Métis people...
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...Stratification Media Analysis Adriane Benjamin SOC/100 Becky Russell Stratification Media Analysis A Time to kill is a film about an African American family living in a small town in Mississippi, where the daughter of an African American couple was raped by a white male that was an affiliated with the Klu Klux Klan. The father of the little girl ended up having to stand trial because he killed one of the men that were involved in his daughter’s rape. He had a long-time friend by the name of Jake Brigance, who were a white male. The main idea circled around whether a black man should ever be allowed to kill a white man, under any circumstances. The issue is not murder but discrimination, and it is compound by the fact that America is a primarily a white country. The issue through this all was racism and being in the south in 1984, where whites still treated the blacks poorly. “This was Mississippi, where for years whites shot blacks for any reason or no reason and no one cared; where whites raped blacks and it was considered sport; where blacks were hanged for fighting back.” ― John Grisham, A Time to Kill Set in the deep south of the back fields of northern Mississippi in the 1980’s, the setting was perfect for there to be battle between the blacks and the white, as it has been brewing since before the civil rights days. Placing the story in this time and place is the most natural discovery of buried hatchets and the most subtle revelations of festering wounds and double...
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...acknowledged and that no profit accrues at any stage. Other users of these publications should contact Learning and Teaching Scotland before reproducing any of them. Please note all rights held by the former Higher Still Development Unit continue to be held by Learning and Teaching Scotland. Contents Statement of Standards 3 Guide to Learning and Teaching Pack 7 Introduction to the Unit and Learning and Teaching Approaches 8 Class stratification 9 Recommended reading and recommended websites for class stratification 10 Introduction to social stratification 11 Class stratification 15 Functionalist theory of class stratification 24 Summary of functionalism 29 Marxist theory of class stratification 33 Summary of Marxism 39 Weberian theory of class stratification 42 Summary of Weberianism 47 Aspect: social mobility 50 Aspect: social closure 52 Practice exam essay question...
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...CHAPTER 7 – DEVIANCE, CRIME, AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Devance- Viewing deviance as a violation of social norms, sociologists have characterized it as "any thought, feeling, or action that members of a social group judge to be a violation of their values or rules "or group" 2. Stimga- stigma refers to the concept of people being 'marked' as different, specifically in a negative manner, based on some characteristic that separates them from the rest of the society. Some are based on inherent characteristic such as mental illness where people cannot change. 3. What is the difference between formal and informal deviance Formal deviance is behqavior that violates laws. Major crimes etc, informal is behavior that disregards accepted social norms like picking ones nose 4. What are the major sources of crime statistics? FBI’s uniform Crime report(UCR) and victimization surveys 5. Crime differs from deviance because- with a crime comes punishment 6. What are the shortcoming of the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR)? The data doesn’t offer accurate measures on the extent of “crime” 7. What are examples of victimless crimes include Acts that violate laws but involve individuals who don’t consider themselves victems, offenses that are the least likely to be reported 8. Sanctions are rewards or punishments for obeying or violating a norm 9. ____functionalist/ strain theory___ believe that crime occurs when people experience blocked...
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...In a valiant attempt to initiate the conversation of racial disparity from the point of view of the dominant, Peggy McIntosh’s “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” explores the special circumstances and benefits she experiences as a white person, which she outlines to be often analogous to the unearned advantage of men in the patriarchal system. These societal advantages were not earned but were given on the basis of skin colour, which are often denied and protected by those experiencing white privilege, despite creating a very real influence on society. These notions of a disadvantage for one race and an advantage for another are developed and backed by different sociological studies throughout the paper. The race to which someone...
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...Version 1.0 General Certificate of Education January 2012 Sociology SCLY4 2191 Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods; Unit 4 Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of students’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further...
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...1. The three major themes Wharton articulated identify sociological interest in work. The first theme is that larger trends across countries or globe affect workers’ lives. This theme reflects a methodological concern since researchers should consider individual workers’ experience as well as environments in which workers live. The second theme is demographic diversity of workers. As the level of diversification is highest ever, changes in American workplaces have occurred with stratification of works. The third theme is work is interconnected with many different aspects of the social world. Economic terms can explain work in some part; however, there is a limit of understanding work only with economic terms. Before applying these themes to my work experience, I need to clarify how my current position, which is a student, can qualify as work based on Hodson and Sullivan’s definition. According to them, work means any activities which create values and provide personal benefits. Work is not only paid labor, but self-employed labor and unpaid labor. Students should be included in work, too. Being students provides personal benefits which are academic achievements and social experiences from extra-curricular activities. With regard to the wider social trends, there is a trend that more students go to colleges after high schools. Since people with higher education tend to be considered as more competitive and expect higher salaries in workplace than people with lower education...
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...exposure of people to cultures and societies different from their own. The impact of this exposure was varied, but for some people included the breakdown of traditional norms and customs and warranted a revised understanding of how the world works. Sociologists responded to these changes by trying to understand what holds social groups together and also explore possible solutions to the breakdown of social solidarity. Early Sociological Studies Early sociological studies considered the field to be similar to the natural sciences like physics or biology. As a result, many researchers argued that the methodology used in the natural sciences were perfectly suited for use in the social sciences, including Sociology. The effect of employing the scientific method and stressing empiricism was the distinction of sociology from theology, philosophy, and metaphysics. This also resulted in sociology being recognized as an empirical science. This early sociological approach, supported by August Comte, led to positivism, a methodological approach based on sociological naturalism. However, as early as the 19th century, positivist and naturalist approaches to studying social life were...
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...8th October’15 Thursday By: Zainab Zaidi Q. Assess the strengths and limitations of the functionalists theory in sociology. In the study of sociology, the functionalist perspective is a view of society that focuses on the way various parts of society have funtions and live in a consensus that maintain the stability and social order of the whole society. Functionalism is seen as a macro scale approach to society; it sees society as a whole rather than just focusing on some parts of it. Because of this, functionalism views society as a body (organic analogy), all institutions works together to make the society. This is particularly useful when observing the society in order to understand the way it functions and how all the institutions work together to sustain society as a whole. This can also be denoted as one of its strengths. Functionalism is also seen as a consensus theory, it sees society as fair and just, and it acknowledges that many societies including the majority of western ones, have democracy and all individuals within a particular society share the same or similar norms and values. This also could therefore be seen as a strength as it acknowledges that democracy does exists in many societies. Functionalism emphasizes a societal equilibrium. If something happens to disrupt the order and the flow of the system, society must adjust to achieve a stable state. According to Durkheim, society should be analyzed and described in terms of functions. Society is...
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...major sociological theories differ in a majority of ways. All three have their own way of how they perceive religion functions in society. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact each theory has had on religion as well as the people inside the institution itself. Religion has been around for many hundreds of years and has had a great influence on many things in societies over time and across the world, such as politics, economics, and has even led to many wars. But how would one come about with a definition of the word religion? There are many different definitions out there of religion that are basic and even some definitions that get more complex. One basic and easy way to describe religion is a person or group of peoples set beliefs and practices on the concept of spirituality. J. Milton Yinger takes one of the more complex approaches to defining religion. He calls it “a system of beliefs and practices by which a group of people struggle with the ultimate problems of human life – problems relating to human morality, suffering, and injustice; and the need to infuse human life with meaning, and intellectual coherence, and the crucial importance of upholding moral percepts and patterns of social life” (Bouma p.4). Although both definitions seem to be drastically different, they actually do compliment each other and when used together can give us a much better understanding of religion and what it represents to the different cultures of people. Sociological theorists...
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...Intro To Sociology Unit one- -Sociology is the scientific study of social relations, behaviors, and arrangements. Sociology is one of the social sciences -Socialization is a life-long learning process, which inc. the process by which infants become adults -Auguste Comte was the first person to use the term sociology in 1838, He was a French Philosopher -The early sociologist were concerned with the study of moral statistic, and the first among these was Suicide rates -Emile Durkheim studied the relationship between suicide and social forces, he held that behavior should not be considered an individualistic matter, but in a broader social context. He argued that there is a link between the degree of social integration and suicide. He believed the greater the autonomy or Independence of a category of people, the higher the suicide rate. He came up with the term Anomie, which is a floundering, or loss of purpose and direction people experience during periods of extreme social change. -Max Weber's theory was that social behavior can only be understood when the meanings of the people's actions are known, it is necessary to understand the attitudes, feelings, and beliefs. He called this Verstehen, a German word for understanding. -Karl Marx focused on the struggle between social classes of people. Marx called owners of the means of production the bourgeoisie and the non-owners the proletariat. Marx believed that a social class was determined...
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...BSB PLC 10th December, 2014. Liverpool Title: BSB Employee Wellness Programme PLAN : IN RELATION TO HEALTHY EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Abstract: Well-being is about staff being confident, happy and healthy and it focuses on the development of individuals. It has two main elements: psychological and physical well-being. Physical well-being is important for learning and developmental capabilities by Viv Young and Claire Bhaumik,( 2011) Health and well-being at work: a survey of employees [online]. Available at: http://research.dwp.gov.uk/asd/asd5/rrs-index.asp . Accessed on: 5th December,2014. In furtherance to the above, a number of research findings inspired by the World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested that lifestyle behavioural choices contribute to a significant proportion of chronic diseases globally, thereby necessitating strategies to improve behavioural risk factors such as healthier eating and regular physical activity to be considered in a variety of settings including the workplace. It’s pointed out that: "Workplaces are important settings for health promotion and disease prevention. People need to be given the opportunity to make healthy choices in the workplace in order to reduce their exposure to risk. Workplaces should make possible healthy food choices and support and encourage physical activity" . Agency: This can be said to be in link with the agency theory-Agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and...
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...Democracy, Religion and Inequality University of Groningen Faculty of Economics and Business Bachelor Thesis International Economics and Business Name Student: Yitian Jing Student ID Number: s2012790 Student email: y.jing@student.rug.nl Date Thesis: Jun. 5th, 2012 Name Supervisor: Dr. Robbert K. J. Maseland First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my advisor, Dr. R. K. J. Maseland, for his academic guidance and encouragement throughout the research. He has been very generous sharing his experiences on institutional and cultural determinants on economy, as well as on academic research methodology and beyond. I would not have finished such a thesis paper without his support. His effort and patience would never be forgotten. Abstract The democracy’s inequality decreasing effect has been appealing to researchers for long but lacks concentrated argumentation and empirical evidence, as well as the interaction between democracy and religion. This paper conduct an empirical analysis covering time period of 1978-2010 with 86 countries to test the hypotheses of whether democracy decreases inequality and whether an egalitarian religion decreases the influence of democracy. The result shows the direct effect of democracy is weak, however, the hypothesis of religion’s effect on the democracy’s influence is partially confirmed. Therefore, democracy itself has minor influence on inequality while a large proportion of the effect is...
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...societal and internal means have a familial bond that stems from the family web of mutual relationships. Because of this, major events such as joining the military and engaging in combat can have a colossal effect on an individuals behavior and the family network. (Clarke, P., Marshall, V., House, J., & Lantz, P., 2011, p. 1298) Major events such as death of a family member cultivate much stress and as a result will affect the family network. These types of events will harbor patterns of negativity and angst and weaken family connections, or reciprocally strengthen behaviors that promote resilience within the family network. In addition, personal behavioral traits of individuals within the family network are a determining factor in regards to coping methods, behavior and individual prosperity. (Fuller-Iglesias, H., Smith, J., & Antonucci, T. C. 2009, p.298) An individual that grows up in a low income high crime area, has negative abusive caregivers will more than likely be negatively affected by these this long term trajectory. It is possible that this individual will perpetuate the behavior of their caregivers and may consequently age in poverty with no familial support. On the other hand an individual that is raised in a stable nourishing environment they will be positively influenced and structured by this early sum experience. It is likely that this young individual will be better educated, more socially intelligent and proactive due to a positively enforced family...
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...SOCIAL PROBLEM Educational Inequality: A Social Problem in the U.S. SOCIAL PROBLEM Educational Inequality: A Social Problem In the U.S. Introduction: The goal of education is to make sure that every student has a chance to excel, both in school and in life. Increasingly, children's success in school determines their success as adults, determining whether and where they go to college, what professions that they enter, and how much they are paid. Why is that getting a good education is dependent upon a person’s socioeconomic status? Education is a right in the U.S, but it seems to be accessible for the privilege. Why do we have inequality in education? Let’s look at different views explaining some possible causes or contributors to this issue. “Social inequality is the expression of lack of access to housing, health care, education, employment opportunities, and status. It is the exclusion of people from full and equal participation in what we, the members of society, perceive as being valuable, important, personally worthwhile, and socially desirable. Economic inequality is expressed through the unequal distribution of wealth in society. This has obvious ramifications in terms of the unequal distribution of what that wealth may purchase; housing, health care, education, career prospects, status - in our society, access to all these things is largely dependent on wealth. Because of the nature of our society - post industrial, competitive, capitalist, commercially driven...
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