...two theories that I have selected is Psychological and sociological. Will identify each theory and also describe them in this paper. Also with each theory will explain how drug use and abuse. Talk about how each theory may have a support a strong relationship between drug use and crime. Will talk about two different articles that an individual was charged with a crime while under the influence of illicit substances. Psychological Theory Psychological theory focus primarily on the nature of individual experiences which might make one more susceptible to drug use and/or addiction. Based on the notion that addiction is a manifestation of a unique type of personality. More commonly, psychologists have pointed to an addictive personality. Recently, psychologists identify “personality characteristics” that tend to be associated with drug addiction. Jerome Jaffe suggested 3 personality features characteristic of marijuana users: Non-conventionality, open to new experiences, and lower rates of conventional achievement value. Basically, the psychological theory explains that drug use and abuse begins because of the unconscious motivations within all of us. We are not aware of these motivations, not even when they manifest themselves. So, there are unconscious conflicts and motivations that reside within us as well as our reactions to early events in our lives that move a person toward drug use and abuse. The motivations for drug use are within us, and we are not aware of them, nor...
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...Addiction, Emotional Problem or Disease? Tom Warnick Colorado Mountain College Abstract My topic of research for this paper was the nature of addiction, the controversy of labeling addiction a disease, and the difference between a disease and behavioral problems. I learned about the sociological stigma of the “sick role” that is to be assumed by anyone with a debilitating medical condition or disease, and argued my point that addiction should not be considered a disease, but rather a behavioral problem. Assuming the “sick role” offers rights and social exemptions that I do not feel addicts deserve, as well as demanding obligations that addicts are not interested in adhering to. In the following pages, I explain my position that society enables addict by labeling addiction as a disease, thus exempting them from any responsibility for that which they are entirely responsible for.when, on, the economy could collapse An addiction forms into a habit only after the choice has been made to consume a addictive substance in the first place; Addiction is a physical or mental habit; you could have an addiction as simple as biting your nails or as pervasive as smoking methamphetamine. However, while addiction is a very complex and serious problem for many people, others are able to use equal proportions of substances and are unaffected by the grasp of addiction. Although certain people may have more self-control/willpower than others, this does not make them immune to the...
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...SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION * The American sociologist C. Wright Mills coined the term sociological imagination in 1959 to describe the type of insight offered by the discipline of sociology. * Mills defined sociological imagination as “...the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society.” * Mills is stating that sociological imagination is the ability to perceive situations and circumstances in a wide social context and observe how interactions and actions are influential upon other individuals and situations * The sociological imagination involves the understanding that social outcomes are shaped by social context, actors, culture, history and social actions. * Sociologists typically focus their studies on how people and society influence other people, because external, or social, forces shape most personal experiences. These social forces exist in the form of interpersonal relationships among family and friends, as well as among the people encountered in academic, religious, political, economic, and other types of social institutions. * The sociological imagination thus includes the understanding of the interconnections that inform the fabric of human societies. In other words, the things we do are shaped by the situation we are in, the values we have, the way people around us act, and how that all relates to some sort of outcome. * Sociologists look at events from a holistic, or multidimensional, perspective. Using...
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...Drug abuse is probably one of the most relevant social problems faced by the United States considering that a study recently published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that one fourth of the American citizens consume illicit drugs on a regular basis (NIDA, 2013). After alcohol, the most commonly consumed drugs are marijuana, pain relievers like morphine or vicodine, cocaine, heroin, stimulants, tranquilizers, hallucinogens, inhalants and sedatives. In this regard, the data reported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse point towards more than 4 million American citizens meeting the criteria of marijuana abuse, 1.9 million inappropriately using pain relievers and 0.9 million Americans abusing of cocaine (Figure 1, NIDA, 2015)...
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...Substance Abuse: A Public Health Problem Description, Effects, and Sociological Theory Substance abuse and addiction is a major public health problem that has a grave impact upon multiple levels of our society. Every community and every family is either directly or indirectly affected by substance abuse and addiction. This essay takes a look at this massive social problem and the extent to which it affects our country and its citizens and will also explore different causes of addiction. A. Description Addiction can affect a person of any age group, though most analysts gather data on the population of those age 12 and over. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), describes substance abuse as an abnormal pattern of substance use that leads to clinical impairment or distress that manifests itself with the following within a 12 month period: 1. Repeated substance use that results in a failure to meet obligations at work, school, or responsibilities at home. 2. Repeated use of a substance even during situations proven to be physically dangerous. 3. Continual legal problems related to the use of a substance. 4. Sustained use despite social or personal problems caused by a substance use. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) We see two aspects that must be present in order for a behavior to be considered addictive. First, the behavior must be counter-productive to the individual. It will actually inhibit...
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...Symbolic Interactionist is one of the major structures of sociological theory. It analyzes society by acknowledging the personal understanding that people establish on events, objects, and behaviors. This perspective relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction. Without social interaction, you are not a social being, and this theory observes what people do on a daily basis and why they do them. Seeing that this theory is a micro-level perspective, people may miss the larger concerns of society. In my family, I don’t have any relatives around my age due to my mother being the youngest of seven. Her siblings had children more than a decade before I was born so the majority of my cousins when I was around ten years old, have already initiated in starting their lives and careers. One cousin always stood out in particular to me. He never came to family parties or events, never wished anyone a Happy Birthday, or tried reaching out to us at all. Being that adults always surrounded me when I was growing up, my mother knew I was mature enough to tell me that my cousin was an alcoholic and a drug addict. Taking in that information at such a young age was very overwhelming considering it was my first time hearing of this in my family. It first started with the alcohol. As the years went on, he started getting so careless and irresponsible that he lost his very well paid job in Manhattan. He became so depressed that his...
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...Causes and Treatments of Addictions Tracy J Lancaster Behavioral Satistics 325 July 29th 2012 Instructor Sasha Flearly Causes and Treatments of Addiction Introduction Addiction is a condition defined by an individual's intense need to consume a particular substance, usually an illicit drug or alcohol. Typically regarded as a disease or medical condition, addiction is seen by many as a form of disability. Addiction is generally diagnosed based on the following criteria: tolerance, withdrawal, and craving. Tolerance refers to the body's ability to metabolize, or tolerate, a certain quantity of a substance prior to reaching the point of intoxication. Withdrawal refers to the agitated behavior, ranging from mild irritability to severe physical illness that many habitual substance users display when they cannot consume their desired substances (Hamid, 2002). Finally, craving refers to a user's physical, and frequently psychological, need to consume a substance in order to offset withdrawal symptoms. People are believed to be addicts when they habitually consume drugs or alcohol, often to the point of intoxication, and when they display signs of withdrawal and craving in the absence of those substances. Recently some scholarship has examined how many behaviors like gambling, sex, and exercise can also be addictive based on these criteria. Thesis Statement Drug Addiction is a relatively recent construct in a social phenomenon. That is, regardless of the use...
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...Carrie Campbell Soc. 277 November 1, 2012 Applying Theories and Concepts There are many theories throughout sociology and criminology that explain deviance and why individuals involve themselves in deviant activities and become deviant. In this particular case study there a many theories that an individual could apply to Kevin and his deviant behavior, but the three theories that I view as the best to explain Kevin’s deviance and behavior that was studied. The three theories that apply best to Kevin’s particular aspects of deviance are Social Bond Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Reaction Formation Theory. Social Bond Theory is a theory that states that if an individual has strong relationships and or bonds , and values, then they will not involve themselves in deviant behavior whether they have deviant friends or not. The theory also says that if the individuals lack these values and or strong relationships, then they fall back on peers in search of those bonds whether they are negative or positive ones. In relationship to Kevin, this theory plays a role in his deviant behaviors because of his relationship with his family and then his involvement in deviant behaviors with his peers. Kevin’s parents were divorced and his mother eventually remarried when he was in the seventh grade. His relationship with his step-father was negative relationships which often lead to arguments and or confrontations between Kevin and his stepfather and Kevin’s mother and step-father...
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...regarded to as inevitable and various societies around the world experience them (Mulroy and Austin, 2004). Problems such as poverty, unemployment, drug abuse, discrimination, homelessness, violence, crime and environmental degradation occur when people come together in a social setting. Here, the most troubling social problems are addressed in a sociological perspective and how they affect the society in whole. Poverty is a state of having insufficient money to buy the most necessary things in life; it is a social problem when a significant portion of a population lives below the poverty line. According to (Michael, 2006), by individual behavioral characteristics and choices, social and political forces can cause poverty. Also, dysfunctional markets and economic underdevelopment can result in poverty. People who cannot get proper means of employment may opt to engage in illegal and destructive ways such as theft or burglary. Moreover, poverty is a primary cause of hunger and malnutrition which is responsible for a broad range of health issues such as diseases and increased childhood deaths. These effects create a population which is not productive, creating a massive burden on the economy. Food, housing, and health resources are stretched in an economy causing a great transfer of income from the privileged to the poor. Drug abuse is also a major social problem since it not only impacts an individual abuser but also to the society as a whole....
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...Abstract Raves have historically referred to grass-roots organized, anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, featuring electronically-produced dance music (EDM), such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass. Since their late 1980s origins in the U.K., raves have gained widespread popularity and transformed dramatically. Consequently, their many cultural traits and behaviors have garnered much sociological interest, which mostly falls into two competing perspectives: cultural studies and public health. In this paper, we review what raves look like today compared to their high point in the 1990s. We then discuss how the cultural studies and public health perspectives define raves and have studied them over time, focusing on the “pet” sociological concepts each has sought to advance. Our analysis of these literatures reveals important differences in rave research by country and over time. We end by discussing the politics associated with the shift in rave research. Introduction Society has been greatly influenced by many alternative scenes, subcultures, or lifestyles oriented around music, youth and young adults (Epstein 1998). Some of the more notable ones include the English punk scene in the 1970s- 1980s, the U.S. jazz (1930s-1940s) and hippie scenes (1970s), and the 1990s rave scenes in the U.K. and U.S. From them have come musical innovation, social identity, fashion and other aesthetic nuances, and mainstream and alternative cultural production...
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...their heavy users? 8. What is database marketing? Give an example of a company that uses this technique. 9. What is popular culture, and how does this concept relate to marketing and consumer behavior? 10. The chapter states that “people often buy products not for what they do, but for what they mean.” Explain the meaning of this statement and provide an example. 11. Describe two types of relationships a consumer can have with a product. 12. What is meant by the term “global consumer culture”? 13. What is the difference between B2B and B2C e-commerce? 14. The economics of information perspective argues that advertising is important. Why? 15. Provide two examples of important legislation that relates to American consumers. 16. Define social marketing and give an example of this technique. 17. Define consumer addiction and give two examples. 18. What is an example of a consumed consumer? 19. What is shrinkage, and why is it a problem? 20. Define anticonsumption, and provide two examples of it. 21. Name two different disciplines that study consumer behavior. How would their approaches to the same issue differ? 22. What are the major differences between the positivist and interpretivist paradigms in consumer research? REVIEW QUESTIONS 23. Provide a definition of consumer behavior. It is the study of the processes involved...
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...In the Tales of The Grim Sleeper, there were multiple sociological topics shown that we have learned in class. The major topics that were shown were corruption in the justice system, deviance, and racial inequalities. This documentary focuses on the life and crimes of Lonnie David Franklin Jr, The Grim Sleeper. In Los Angeles, California poverty was everywhere you looked as well were drugs. There were prostitutes on every corner not to mention people openly smoking crack cocaine on the sides of the roads. In Los Angeles less than 50% of high school students will graduate and at least ⅓ of black men will receive a felony conviction at some point in their life. Very few of the black residents do not feel comfortable with talking to the police about any crimes that are committed. When the police first became aware...
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...Primitive Oppression of Female Sexuality Abstract This paper explores the complexities that come about when trying to transcribe female sexuality as a generalized symbol in our society. Explaining many different theories as too why our sociological mindset seems to be primitive when trying to justify the ideology that sexuality needs to be oppressed for females, when in contrast it is glorified for males. Theories also suggest that our brains are psychologically “wired” for male dominance, such as when observing our closes lineage on the dendrogram, chimpanzees and exploring their interactions based on gender and sexuality. While other theories suggest that it’s possible females physiologically aren’t made for as much sex as men are and that stimulates are needed to bring things to equilibrium, such as new clinical trial pills that will be the Viagra synonymous for women. Each perspective is thoroughly covered in this paper as all sides of the spectrum are hit to understand why such cultural stigma has been placed upon female sexuality, leading to the ultimate question; Will our primitive mindsets continue to be the oppressing weights females bare in society? Keywords: Sexuality, psychological, physiological, sociology Since the beginning of time woman have been viewed as the keepers of monogamy, vested with the responsibility of limited sexual desires and actions. Female sexuality had not even been referenced in the medical field as apart of the female psyche. In...
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...Outline + References Sociology 210 Research Paper Draft Conflict Theory and the Evolution of Eugenics in America during the 20th Century. I intend to present a purely informative paper on the sociological perspective of eugenics during the past century in the United States through Conflict Theory. A linear history of causality, implementation, and significance. 1. Conflict Theory Perspective a. Margaret Sanger b. Plato’s Republic c. Negative Eugenics d. Sterilization e. Planned Parenthood Federation of America f. Legislation g. Economic Implications Early 1900’s American political movement under Margaret Sanger 1. advocate the control over individual rights to reproduction 2. purpose of societal advantage 3. rights governed by the state and supported by a public majority 4. originally designed as a method of public oppression and controlled persecution. 5. Sanger an outspoken advocate for Eugenics a. racial dominance, class restraint, and a member of the American Eugenic Political Party, opened a family planning and birth control clinic. 6. Established first Abortion Clinics in NY b. On October 16, 1916, a member of the Eugenic party movement opened a then privately funded business, now partly funded by the public, in New York City. 7. clinic’s policy on providing pregnancy termination to the impoverished and uneducated. 8. The Birth Control Review and Birth Control...
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...CHAPTER 7 DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL Deviance 171 Social Policy and Social Control: Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Worldwide 193 What Is Deviance? 171 Explaining Deviance 175 Social Control 182 Conformity and Obedience 182 Informal and Formal Social Control Law and Society 186 Crime 185 187 Types of Crime 188 Crime Statistics 190 The Issue 193 The Setting 193 Sociological Insights 193 Policy Initiatives 193 Boxes RESEARCH IN ACTION: Street Kids 183 sOCIOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Singapore: A Nation of Campaigns 186 TAKING SOCIOLOGY TO WORK: Holly Johnson, Chief of Research, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada 192 Cigarette smoking has become stigmatized in Canada. This newspaper advertisement, sponsored by Health Canada, reverses the typical advertising strategy of equating smoking with sexiness. 169 H eidi Fleiss was in her late twenties when she was arrested for operating a call girl service. At the time, her pediatrician father had reacted flippantly, “I guess I didn’t do such a good job on Heidi after all.” Later, he would be convicted of conspiring to hide profits from his daughter’s call girl ring. Fleiss had dropped out of school when she was sixteen and established a liaison with a playboyfinancier who gave her a Rolls-Royce for her twenty-first birthday. In her early twenties, Fleiss interned in the world of prostitution by working for Madame Alex (Elizabeth Adams)...
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