...of Underqualified Teachers in American Secondary Schools Richard M. Ingersoll, assistant professor + Author Affiliations The Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. He specializes in the sociology of organizations and occupations Abstract This article presents the results of a research project on the phenomenon of out-of-field teaching in American high schools–teachers teaching subjects for which they have little education or training. Over the past couple of years, the problem of out-of-field teaching has become a prominent topic in the realm of educational policy and reform, and the results of this research have been widely reported and commented on both by education policymakers and the national media. But unfortunately, out-of-field teaching is a problem that remains largely misunderstood. My research utilizes nationally representative data from the Schools and Staffing Survey, conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics. The purpose of this article is to summarize what my research has revealed about out-of-field teaching: how much of it goes on; to what extent it varies across different subjects, across different kinds of schools, and across different kinds of classrooms; and finally, the reasons for its prevalence in American schools. The data show that even using a minimal standard for qualified teachers — those holding a college minor in the fields in which they teach —the numbers of out-of-field teachers are striking. For...
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...What are they Doing with a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology? DATA BRIEF ON CURRENT JOBS R o b e r t a S p a l t e r- R o t h a n d N i c o l e Va n Vo o r e n January 2008 In AY 2005 the American Sociological Association’s Research and Development Department surveyed a sample of close to 1,800 seniors to find out their satisfaction with the sociology major and their future plans for work, graduate school, or both. Early in 2007 we resurveyed the class of 2005 to find out what they were doing with their bachelor’s degree since graduation.1 This Data Brief, the first in a series of downloadable publications from the second wave of the survey, provides information on the post-graduate activities of graduates, the kinds of jobs they held as of December 2006, their satisfaction with these jobs, and the changes in their overall satisfaction with the sociology major. Figure 1 compares the 2005 responses of senior majors as to their future plans with their 2007 reports as to what they actually were doing. The figure shows that in 2005, 40 percent of respondents planned to work and not attend graduate school after they obtained their _________________________________________________ 1The response rate for the second wave of the survey was 44 percent or 778 graduates. FIGURE 1: MORE SOCIOLOGY BACHELOR’S RECEPIENTS ARE WORKING, PLANS FOR THE FUTURE AT TIME 1 VS. STATUS AT TIME 2 (in Percents) 42.1 Job Only 60.3 22.2 Grad School Only 13.1 ...
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...Social Control and Criminal Deviance: Bullying By Jonah Miller Strayer University Sociology 100 Professor Catherine Terry August 10th 2015 Bullying has become a permanent part of schoolyard play. It is sad but true. Bullying has three key components. First; unwanted, aggressive behavior. Second; a real or perceived power imbalance. Third; recurrence, and the potential to be repeated over time. The mixture of these three dynamics creates a situation that moves beyond conflict to become persistent persecution. There is a strong relationship between bias and bullying. The targets of bullies are often from a group marginalized because of certain characteristic such as race, immigration status, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, gender identity or size. What’s the most effective tool against bullying you may ask? By creating an inclusive learning environment that supports all students, educators maintain a space that is inhospitable to those who would bully. Everyone including administrators, teachers, cafeteria staff, bus drivers, assistants, substitute teachers, parents and students has a role to play in creating an anti-bullying climate. This culture must exist from the cafeteria to the classroom. Also remember that not all bullying looks the same. Harder-to-detect actions, such as spreading rumors or isolating a student from friends, can also constitute bullying. Students may hesitate to even call the harassment they’re enduring “bullying”. Will every bully turn...
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...that I will volunteer and help those younger than me in any way that I can. I know these things because they are my values. They are a part of who I am, they are permanently engrained in my being. My values, they are what allow me to face the world. “I do what I have to do because it is the right thing to do” (Freedom Writers) I know I am going to change the world. I want to change things, to make them happen! I don’t know if I may start a revolutionary idea, or maybe just impact one person. But I truly want to. Perhaps these are simply the effects the encouraging words of my sociology teacher that has always told me that I can make a difference. I have donated over one thousand hours of community service in the four years along of high school with the simple selfish reason of being remembered. I don’t want to be remembered as “that tutor that helped me read better in Spanish” or the friendly assistant teacher at my Sunday school. I want to be the friend that told them that their dreams could come true. I cannot guarantee who I will be in four years, but I can promise you that I will try to make a difference to get my name in history. I will make a...
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...------------------------------------------------- Name: Kirandip Kaur Dhillon ------------------------------------------------- Contact Information Address: 49 Brooklyn Road, Old Highbury Vale, Nottingham. NG6 9EA Email Address: kirandipdhillon@outlook.com Alternative Email Address: kirandipdhillon16@hotmail.com ------------------------------------------------- Telephone Number: 07456439514 ------------------------------------------------- Alternative Telephone Number: 01159756148 ------------------------------------------------- Work History Job Title: Shop Assistant Company: Powar Newsagent Location: Nottingham Start Date: 25th May 2013 ------------------------------------------------- End Date: 31st August 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Reason for Leaving: Started college therefore there were no suitable hours ------------------------------------------------- Work Experience: Job Title: Teacher Assistant Name of organisation: Southwark Primary School Location: Nottingham Start Date: 9th July 2012 ------------------------------------------------- End Date: 20th July 2012 ------------------------------------------------- My Qualifications Subject | Name Of School Provider | Qualification Type | Start Date | End Date | Grade | Art | Ellis Guilford School and Sports College | GCSE | September 2011 | May 2013 | B | R.E | Ellis Guilford School and Sports College | GCSE | September 2011 | May 2013 | B | ICT | Ellis Guilford...
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...personal statement Fostering student's physical and mental development and igniting their potential is the ultimate goal of Education. Since the inspiration given by English teacher I met in my primary school, I realize that being a good teacher is not just to inculcate knowledge but also to guide students to develop the right value in life. Having majored in Social Sciences in HKU Space Community college has sparked my interest on sociology and I have gained greater insight into some institutions, especially the education system in Hong Kong. I would like to further investigate on what social issue that affect student’s learning or mechanism the government had processed to enhance Hong Kong education. Hence I would like to pursue a degree in Faculty of Education in Liberal Studies in Chinese University of Hong Kong to equip myself for the upcoming challenge. Cramming up all the knowledge in education institution is meaningless. What most important is having a wide variety of life experience and critical mindset. In order to get more exposure to the social issue, I participated in numerous extra-curricular activities and social events. I have been a teacher assistant in tutorial Centre and guitar tutor for leisure class in recent years. These experiences have greatly escalated my passion towards teaching since I need to explain the concept clearly so as to eradicate students’ bewilderment. Additionally, it also enhanced my forbearance and experience through...
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...Technology, and Tourism Studies Date: March 2008 to March 2009 Name: Ayutthaya International School Type of Business: Education (Thailand) Position Held: English Teacher Main Activities: Elementary/Middle School Level Speaking, Grammar, and Social Studies Date: March 2001 to March 2007 Name: Ayutthaya Rajabhat University Type of Business: Education (Thailand) Position Held: English Lecturer Main Activities: Academic Writing, Public Speaking, and Tourism Studies Date: November 2000 to March 201 Name: Utah School for the Deaf and Blind Library Technician Type of Business: Education (United States) Position Held: Library Technician Main Activities: Library Service for Deaf and Blind Students: Information Storage and Retrieval Date: August 1999 to August 2000 Name: Nice Language Academy Type of Business: Education (South Korea) Position Held: English Teacher Main Activities: Elementary/Middle School Level Speaking, Writing, Grammar, and phonics Date: August 1998 to August 1999 Name: Berzsenyi Daniel College Type of Business: Education (Hungary) Position Held: Assistant Lecturer Main Activities: Adult Level: Teacher Training, Classroom Pedagogy, and American Studies EDUCATION & TRAINING Date: April 2005 to May 2005 Name and Type of Organization: Text and Talk, Teacher Certification Program Principle Subjects: English teaching methods, grammar, phonics, language development Title of Qualification: TEFL Certificate Date:...
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...Sciences Prof. Dr. ZafarIqbal Faculty of Arts Prof. Dr. Darakhshan J. Haleem Dean Faculty of Science Prof. Dr. Ghazala H. Rizwani Faculty of Pharmacy Prof. Dr. HisamuddinMansoori Faculty of Islamic Studies Prof. Dr. S. M. Abbas Faculty of Medicine Prof. Khursheed A. Hashmi Faculty of Law Prof. Dr. Darakhshan J. Haleem – Dean Faculty of Science (Caretaker) Faculty of Engineering Prof. Dr. ZafarIqbal – Dean Faculty of Arts (Caretaker)Faculty of Education University of Karachi Page 3 ADMISSION PROSPECTUS STUDENTS’ STUDENTS’ AFFAIRS o look after students affairs, in general, and to supervise their extra-curricular activities in particular, an office of Advisor Students’ Affairs is situated at the first floor of the Administration block. Teachers and the staff are available for the students’ guidance. 2012 M.Phil./Ph.D theses to students of various departments of the University. LEJ Digital Library is also available at the campus that can be used by all the students to access a large number of books or journals on-line. T Transport: Over 24,000 students come to the campus from different parts of the city on daily basis. It is difficult to facilitate every student with the transport facility. However, the University tries its best to provide a limited transport facility to its students. Schedule of point buses that provide pick and drop service to the students, at highly subsidized fare, is announced by the transport office in...
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...MEANING AND DEFINITION OF DEVIANCE Sociology defines social deviance as an act of omission or commission of an offense where perpetrators risk facing state prosecution and legal punishment. Therefore, the sociological study of deviance looks at various social laws, their influence on the individual and societal behavior, and potential punishments for lawbreakers. Indeed, Kubrin, Stucky, & Krohn, (2009) note that sociology appreciates the fact that social norms vary in description across societies. This implies that an action that is deviant to one community may be morally acceptable to another. Moreover, sociology recognizes that while societies play a more important role than individuals do in creating and imposing norms and rules. This means that views on deviant acts existing in individuals more likely relate to their society’s responses to the behavior (Kubrin, Stucky, & Krohn, 2009). Norms are rules and expectations by which members of society are conventionally guided. Deviance is a failure to conform to these norms. Social norms differ from culture to culture. For example, a deviant act can be committed in one society that breaks a social norm there, but may be normal for another society. Over the years, sociologists have come up with numerous theories and concepts that help explain the causes, effects, and solutions to deviance. For instance, originally studied at the Chicago School, the social disorganization theory owes its application to deviance as a...
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...On average, most police departments will require a degree of some kind for any and all positions. In order to become a detective, a student can choose to take a number of different degrees. These degrees are police science, sociology, criminal justice, or law enforcement (Ferguson 4). A study in 2015 shows that the average detective makes a median of $60,270 a year. The salary a detective receives varies substantially based on the location where one works. In bigger cities where crime is more prevalent, a detective would get paid more. Whereas a detective working in a small, rural town will receive much less as crime does not happen as much (Bureau of Labor Statistics 7). The employment of detectives and other law enforcement jobs is expected to grow 4 percent from 2014 to 2024. The demand for employment of law enforcement varies greatly upon location yet the need for them continues to grow. Public safety is a constant issue, therefore it is possible to find...
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...Gun Control Hypothesis Paper By Christopher Fields Intro to Sociology Prof. Hennington Outline Hypothesis/ opening statement My opinions Love-hate relationship Crime rates Democrat Opinion Republican Opinion Evidence 1 Evidence 2 Evidence 3 Closing statement References After recent school shootings in America, the American people are starting to wonder when is the government going to stricken the gun control laws. After recent studies I will tell you which party republican or democrat is for the stricken the laws and which of them is not. Personally, I feel like you should be judged by your actions. If your criminal background portrays you as violent you should not be allowed to have a gun. On the other hand, if your have never shown any act of violence you should be allowed to have a gun. Crimes such as fraud, drug possession, and other mediocre crimes should not count. Everyone deserves the right to protect themselves, their family or even a stranger. If gun control laws are stricken gun violence will decrease. I’m going to prove this by using the Social Conflict approach which is a macro-oriented paradigm in sociology that views society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and social change. Guns have a love-hate relationship with society some people fear guns and some people feel safe around guns. Most people fear guns because people think that they are going to get shot and killed for no reason. While others use guns for safety which is...
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...Women in Psychology Susan Hall University of Phoenix PSY 310 Lillian Filpot May 03, 2012 Women in Psychology Nebraska native Leta Stetter Hollingworth was an amazing woman who met the challenges of her time head-on employing intelligence, common sense, observation, and scientific method. Throughout her career the thread of continuity for her pursuits was the subject of variability (Benjamin & Shields, 1886-1993). Commencing her career with a degree in literature and a teaching certificate, Leta detoured into the fields of sociology and psychology finding the additional degrees necessary tools for change. Leta was an early 20th century feminist psychologist and advocate for women’s rights. By 1911, her determination and use of scientific method yielded proof that women were equal to men in terms of their intellectual capabilities. She sought equality for clinical psychologists doggedly determined to construct a framework of professional practice standards. Application of the standards raised the practice to a level considered suitable for inclusion in the American Psychological Association during World War 1. Leta was a gifted and prolific writer who produced her own text books, generated scores of journal articles and wrote poetry. She loved her husband, Harry, and their devotion to each other is chronicled in the biography he wrote (Hollingworth, 1943). Beginnings Leta Settor Hollingworth was born on the plains of Nebraska on May 25, 1886. The rushing of...
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...Beneficial Sport Activities There are numerous benefits that you can obtained as a child or adult through the involvement of sport activities. These benefits are a significant characteristic and representation of our choices, responsibilities, and actions. Every skill you learned while in sports can be used to build positive structure and character. Sport activities involve physical benefits, personal benefits, and social benefits. These featured benefits apply to both sexes and people of all ages. Although an assistant professor of sociology, at Wittenburg University in Ohio, states, “Participating in athletics helps students perform well in academically during high school more than any other extracurricular activity.” According to an article on the America.gov Webitse, she explains, “They benefit developmentally in terms of building self-confidence and self- esteem and the ability to problem-solve; they develop socially in that they build relationships with students and teachers and parents that can act as resources for them in terms of their academics.” Being involved in sports as a young child can help build a foundation for cooperative play, teamwork, and good sportsmanship. It is extremely beneficial to participate with sports in your childhood. The article, “The Amazing Benefits of Sports For Kids,” simply expresses that researches indicate that sports help children develop physical skill, get exercise, make friends, have fun, learn to play as a member of a team, learn to...
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...Organizational Behavior Paper Linda C. O’Neal MGT/312 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR FOR MANAGERS June 1, 2015 Professor Tina Emrich Organizational Behavior The study of organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. Crafting an organization that functions as efficiently as possible is a difficult task. Understanding the behavior of a single person is a challenge. Understanding the behavior of a group of people, each one with a complex relationship with the others in the group is an even more difficult undertaking. It is, however a worthy undertaking because ultimately the work of an organization is done through the behavior driven actions of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Therefore, a central part of the management task is the management of organizational behavior. The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four primary areas of behavioral science: individual behavior, group behavior, organizational structure, and organizational processes. They investigate many facets of these areas like personality and perception, attitudes...
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...By using different theories from the sociological perspective, the set of interrelation of social and pedagogical purposes can be understand from the bilingual classes of preschool in Chicago. First, functionalist perspective emphasizes the interconnection between the different parts that are involved in bilingual education, and how they work together to produce a negative or positive influence. Second, the home culture as the standard focuses its viewpoint by criticizing the value of foreign culture by using the home culture inside the bilingual language and its benefits. Finally, conflict perspective focuses how society presents itself by using power and conflict over the resources and rules of the bilingual classes. Therefore, the sociology perspective can explain the increased demand concerning the bilingual movement. The request of the expansion of the bilingual programs in preschool might succeed on its implementation, the functionalist perspective, the home culture as the standard, and conflict perspective indicate a potential for its failure. By proving the story of the biliteracy in pupil population, people can see the purpose in Chicago’s schools these days....
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