...Software Develpoment Models Elizabeth Hicks Strayer University IT 106 Dr. Hines June 3, 2013 Software Development Models A software lifecycle model is a standardized format for planning, organizing, and running a new development project. Hundreds of different kinds of models are known and used. Some of these include waterfall, code and fix, spiral, rapid prototyping, unified process, agile methods extreme programming, and COTS. Many are minor variations on just a small number of basic models. It is important to survey the main types of model and to consider how to choose between them. A lifecycle model is a description of the sequence of activities carried out in an SE project, and the relative order of these activities. . By changing the lifecycle model we can improve and/or trade off development speed, product quality, project visibility, administrative overhead, risk exposure, and customer relations. Here is a quick overview along with some advantages and disadvantages of five different lifecycles. The waterfall model is the classic life cycle model. It is widely known, understood, and used. In some respect the waterfall is the “common sense” approach. It was introduced by Royce in 1970. Advantages include that they are easy to understand and implement, that they are widely used and known, and that it reinforces good habits: define-before-design, and design-before-code. It identifies deliverables and milestones, its document driven, and works well on mature products...
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...Software Deployment Options The first step in any group policy-based software installation is obtaining the installer file for the software you are deploying. It is a requirement that this installation file be in Microsoft Software Installer (MSI) format. "Once you have obtained the appropriate MSI file, you must create a distribution point for the software to be deployed from. Your distribution point needs to be a centralized location, preferably on a server, where a shared folder can be created that all users have read access to. Once you have created this shared folder, you need only to copy the MSI file into it." "Now that we have prepared our installation file we are ready to create the group policy object that will push out the installation. To do this, we will be using the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC), which is a free download from Microsoft. Create a new GPO by opening the GPMC, clicking on 'Group Policy Objects' in the left pane, and right-clicking in the center pane and clicking 'Create New Group Policy Object.' Finally, type a name for this GPO and hit the Enter key. The name of your GPO should be something brief but descriptive, such as a 'Virus Protection Installation.' "Having a fresh clean GPO to work with, we can now proceed to assigning the installation packing to it. You will begin this by right-clicking your newly created GPO and clicking 'Edit.' Under the Computer Configuration heading, expand 'Software Settings.' Right-click 'Software...
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...Abstract: The purpose of this research is to minimize the causes and effects through taxonomy which occur due to change in software requirements. The system adoptability and usability imparts people to demand more that is why changes occurs during the developing cycle and after the delivery of product, so if change is not managed properly then it can affect the software overall performance. Most Common reason of software project failure is requirement variations. Mismanaged changes in software requirements can also lead to failure of project. Different requirement changes occur during different phases of software development. During many construction projects frequent changes often result in time extend, cost increase, quality issues and other...
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...Accounting for Software Development Costs Applying SOP 98–1 Paul Flanagan Principal Consultant 1552 Lakeport Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23464 Tel: 757-373-1454 / Fax: 810-885-5312 / pflanagan@christophertechnology.com www.christophertechnology.com Disclaimer The author of this report is neither a Certified Public Accountant nor an Attorney. This report should not be construed as providing either financial accounting advice or legal advice. This report represents the views of a senior information technology executive who has significant experience in the application of these accounting guidelines in the real world of business operations. Because applying these concepts depends upon the exact circumstances of your enterprise, this report shows only guidelines which have operated successfully elsewhere, but may not be precisely applicable to your situation. For all accounting or legal advice, please consult a licensed practitioner familiar with your unique situation. Accounting for Software Development Costs Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 Payoff.......................................................................................................................................... 1 General Applicability..............................................................................................................
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...A software development methodology or system development methodology in software engineering is a framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system. There are the following methodologies: • Agile Software Development • Crystal Methods • Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM) • Extreme Programming (XP) • Feature Driven Development (FDD) • Joint Application Development (JAD) • Lean Development (LD) • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Rational Unified Process (RUP) • Scrum • Spiral • Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Waterfall (a.k.a. Traditional) Agile Software Development Methodology Agile software development is a conceptual framework for undertaking software engineering...
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...The Role of Software Testing in the Development of Quality Software MehwishZulfiqar 13414, MS (CS) Iqra University, Islamabad. Abstract: In software testing organizations, effective knowledge management of the testing process is the key to improve the quality of software testing. Quality must be built into our products and it can never be tested in after the fact. Although QA has an important role in assuring the quality of our products, their work is entirely indirect. Their role is to influence others in the organization. Testing programs are conducted to ensure that the software application meets the specifications and service level expectations of their product. Testing improves product quality. However, there is rarely enough quality control time built into development projects, and there is an endless possibility of testing that could be executed. In this article major issues are discuss that improve the quality of software and also discuss the role of software testing in the delivery of quality software product.Simply we say that process of testing is basic, but knowing what to test for is challenging for a developer. Software testing requires well-analyzed test cases and proper execution in order to find issues in the software. It also requires efficient management of the procedures. 1. Introduction: Software systems are an increasing part of life, from business applications to consumer products. Most people have had an experience with software that did not...
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...estimate software development costs using the following approaches. The two approaches I chose where the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO), and the Function Point Analysis (FPA). Each contributes in its own way to providing estimates, and calculations necessary to complete a project. The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is an software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm. The model uses a basic regression formula with parameters that are taken from past current project information, as well as future project characteristics. This approach was first published in Boehm's 1981 book “Software Engineering Economics” as a model for estimating effort, cost, and schedule for software projects. COCOMO measures a piece of software by counting the source lines of code (SLOC) in the final program. It requires that a work breakdown structure be done prior to the estimation work. The number of lines of code is then estimated for each of the units of the work breakdown structure. The approach provides guidelines for counting lines of code to encourage some standardization across projects and across organizations. COCOMO is defined in terms of three different models: * Basic model * Determines its estimates of required effort based primarily on your estimate of the software project's size. * Intermediate model * Provides much better estimates because you supply settings for 15 Cost Drivers that determine the effort, and duration of software projects...
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...What is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? July 9, 2013 justin in insight The Software Development Life Cycle is a process that ensures good software is built. Each phase in the life cycle has its own process and deliverables that feed into the next phase. There are typically 5 phases starting with the analysis and requirements gathering and ending with the implementation. Let’s look in greater detail at each phase: Requirements Gathering/Analysis This phase is critical to the success of the project. Expectations (whether of a client or your team) need to be fleshed out in great detail and documented. This is an iterative process with much communication taking place between stakeholders, end users and the project team. The following techniques can be used to gather requirements: * Identify and capture stakeholder requirements using customer interviews and surveys. * Build multiple use cases to describe each action that a user will take in the new system. * Prototypes can be built to show the client what the end product will look like. Tools like Omnigraffle, HotGloo and Balsalmiq are great for this part of the process. In a corporate setting, this means taking a look at your customers, figuring out what they want, and then designing what a successful outcome would look like in a new bit of software. Design Technical design requirements are prepared in this phase by lead development staff that can include architects and lead developers. The...
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...managing software development projects, it would be Linus Torvalds, creator of the world's most popular open-source software program: the Linux operating system. For more than 20 years, Torvalds has been directing thousands of developers to improve the open source OS. He and I sat down to talk about effective techniques in running large-scale distributed programming teams – and the things that don’t work, too. LinusPortland-560.gif Torvalds says there are two things that people very commonly get completely wrong, both at an individual developer level and at companies. “The first thing is thinking that you can throw things out there and ask people to help,” when it comes to open-source software development, he says. “That's not how it works. You make it public, and then you assume that you'll have to do all the work, and ask people to come up with suggestions of what you should do, not what they should do. Maybe they'll start helping eventually, but you should start off with the assumption that you're going to be the one maintaining it and ready to do all the work.” Torvalds continues, “If you start off with some ‘kumba-ya feeling’ where you think people from all the world are going to come together to make a better world by working together on your project, you probably won't be going very far.” “The other thing—and it's kind of related—that people seem to get wrong is to think that the code they write is what matters,” says Torvalds. Most software development managers...
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...Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a series of steps, or phases, that provide a model for the development and lifecycle management of an application or piece of software. The process varies with industries and organizations, but the most common such as ISO/IEC 12207 embody what establishes a life cycle for software, and produce a method for the development, acquirement, and structure of software systems. SDLC can be broken down into six steps. First and most important being planning. Engineers in the organization compile requirements from the client and a scope document is created. Next is the implementation process. The code for the software is written by software engineers in accordance with the clients specifications. The third step is the testing process. This is done by using static and dynamic analysis, as well as manual infiltration testing to ensure that the software can be put into beta environment to test for real-world usability. Next step is the documentation. All steps in the production of the software are recorded for future use and any improvements in the development of the software. Step five is the deployment phase. The software is approved for use and is mass-produced and released to the public. The six and finial step is maintaining the software. Maintenance is performed for the improvement of the software due to the fact new requirements or change request can take longer than the actual software development time. There are a few different models...
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...Software Development Life Cycle The software development life cycle is the cycle in which software is developed. It is a process that has been improved upon as programming has expanded and become a bigger part of computers and networking. Programming is necessary in order to enable computers to perform in a desired manner, and those computers rely on that programming as instructions in order to function. Since computers rely on their programming to know how to function, the programming needs to be as efficient and flawless as possible, in order to produce ideal results. The software development life cycle is a tool used to help achieve ideal results. The first stage of the software development life cycle is “Analysis”. This stage is comprised of defining what exactly is required of the software being programmed. It is essential to know what the software must do in order for it to be programmed. All of the programming performed on the software falls within the defined specifications of this stage, therefore, this stage is the most critical. If the requirements are incorrect, the program may perform flawlessly, but it will not do exactly what is needed. The next stage in the software development life cycle is “Design”. This stage uses the requirements of the software as stated in the previous stage, and uses those requirements to design the software. This stage includes writing pseudo-code in order to see what your program needs to do, and taking steps to implement...
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...Major Causes of Software Project Failures Lorin J. May Crosstalk Associate Editor Most software projects can be considered at least partial failures because few projects meet all their cost, schedule, quality, or requirements objectives. Failures are rarely caused by mysterious causes, but these causes are usually discovered post-mortem, or only after it is too late to change direction. This article is based on interviews with software consultants and practitioners who were asked to provide "autopsies" of failed projects with which they have been acquainted. Although not a comprehensive compilation of failure causes, this article outlines several areas that should demand your attention. few years ago marked the rollout of what could have been called a Titanic of military projects, except the original Titanic was ahead of schedule when it sank. Hundreds of millions of dollars over budget and years behind schedule, the first phase of this huge military system was finally "tossed over the wall" and over the top of a network of separate programs used by thousands of practitioners. Although long hampered by quality problems, big hopes were again riding on the system once it passed acceptance testing. The intended users refused to use the system. It lacked features they said were essential to their jobs while requiring steps they considered unnecessary or burdensome. The project eventually died a visible, painful death amid litigation and congressional inquiries. This failed project...
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...between generic software product development and custom software development. Generic software can be defined as: ‘stand-alone systems produced for an open market – production controlled by the development organisation’, whereas custom software can be defined as: ‘commissioned systems by a particular customer – production controlled by the customer organisation’. Generic software has to include as many functions as possible as it will have a very wide use base, and will need to provide functionality and usability to that wider range of users. Generic software also has to be developed to be very reusable and have components that can be easily modified or added to at a later date, making the software as upgradable as possible so it can have a longer useful lifetime. The development of custom made software differs from this because the uses of the software are for a lot more specific of a customer base, and usually would include components that would need to be freshly written for the software; as if generic components already existed to perform the requirements of the users then they would have brought off the shelf software. Custom software development is usually a lot more based around communication with the specific needs of the users the software is being created for, to insure the finish product will meet the needs of the end user, whilst still being made of separate components that make the software as upgradable as possible. However as custom software is usually developed...
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...of IT, more precisely Computer Software Development which is the process of writing and coding a software or application for a business or corporation. I chose to do some research on new topics and methods introduced to successfully finish a software project. Here is the outcome of my research on the “Computer-Aided Software Development Process Design”. To begin, the software development process faces many problems such as; the project manager providing insufficient time and resources, changes in the customers’ requirements for the software, and lower than expected productivity by the project staff. The objective is to develop a computerized intelligent tool that project managers can use in effective planning and management of the development process. This tool will provide day-to-day updates on the actual data generated for the project. Dr. Yau and Dr.Tsai presented this as an approach to facilitate the validity and integrity checking of the interconnection among software components during software development or modification. Afterwards, Dr. Matsumura proposed the CASDS, or computer-aided software design system, which uses three structural modeling methods to determine a software design from software requirements. Another system was introduced later in the article by Horowitz and Williamson, named SODOS, which supports the manipulation of documents used in developing software. This system permits traceability through all phases of the software life. I found this article...
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...Youssef Hautier, Topic: Are Agile development / Scrum approaches applicable to other product domain than the software development? 1. Introduction The development of a new product is key for a company. The products can be very simple (a new fork in the Ikea assortment) to extremely complex (let’s think about a new airplane for Airbus), their development still requires a multidisciplinary approach, implies a lot of risks, a lot of uncertainties and usually involves a large amount of resources and cash. But what is exactly product development? We define it as the set of processes that will bring a concept or an idea to product that is used by the final customer, in volume. Other definitions can be found in the literature. We should note that Product Development can be applied to very different domain. Physical (or hardware) products (like the two examples stated above) are the first to come to mind. This category also encompasses products like a new molecule in the biotech industry or a new aliment for the pet-food industry. Millions of new products are launched every year. The time to market, the quality, the fit with the customer need, the integration with the other parts of the company (Customer Service, Manufacturing) are all critical to the success of this new product. It is no surprise that both the academic and industry world committed to develop better processes to handle Product Development. Until the mid-eighties, the usual development paradigm was the phase gate concept...
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