...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY STRATEGY IN SOLAR ENERGY – MAHINDRA EPC Group 4 E023 Mayank Dugar E032 Pavan Kunjoor E050 Nithish S E051 Shaik Safik E052 Nithin Sandhyala E065 Pranav Venuturumilli E067 Dhruv Mehta INTRODUCTION Mahindra EPC is the Engineering Procurement & Construction arm of the Mahindra group committed to provide world class solutions to its customers. Mahindra EPC Services Pvt Ltd is a portfolio company under Mahindra Partners. Mahindra EPC’s services commenced its operation in the year 2011 by making a beginning in the renewable energy space with the turnkey execution of large grid connected and small off grid roof top PV Solar projects. In a short span of 3 years Mahindra EPC has achieved a dominant position. CRISIL Solar energy grading given to Mahindra EPC services Pvt Ltd is SP1A. SERVICES OFFERED Mahindra EPC generally operates in two service areas On Grid Services Be it conducting a site survey, charting out a feasibility and detailed project report (DPR), selecting the appropriate technology, optimizing the array configuration or monitoring performance from strings to system, Mahindra EPC’s collaborative approach is a means to help its clients alleviate design and technology risks and make the project bankable. Off Grid Services With the Off-grid solar solutions, they aim to usher in a new dawn where the sunshine is being harnessed at the rooftops to power many homes, offices and industries. The end objective is to reduce the dependence...
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...IMPACT OF SOLAR PANEL IN LIVELIHOOD IN SOME SELECTED (MD. IBRAHIM KHOLILULLAH, DEPT OF AG.FINANCE, BAU MOB: 01718996557) AREAS OF BOGRA DISTRICT Introduction Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity. Electricity is the prime mover for the advancement of all economic and industrial activities. About 59% of total population live in rural and isolated areas and most of them have no electricity access. This scenario is more acute in the rural and isolated areas in Bangladesh where only about 25% have electricity access ( Energy Bangla, January, 2014 ). Bangladesh is a semi-tropical region lying in northeastern part of South Asia gets abundant sunlight year round. The average bright sunshine duration in Bangladesh in the dry season is about 7.6 hours a day, and in the monsoon season is about 4.7 hours, Solar energy can be harnessed. So, solar panel technology is advised. A total of 3,00,000 solar panels had been installed in more than 40,000 villages of 456 upazilas of all districts of Bangladesh. Daily on average 44 MW electricity is being produced by these solar panels.( Momotaz and Karim,2012).Now a days solar panel is applied in different aspects such as solar based recharging station ,solar cooking etc. It presents an attractive alternative to conventional electricity such as no monthly bills, no fuel cost, little repair and maintenance costs, easy to install any where etc. The solar panel technology is very...
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...Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE Project proposal submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for BSc Honours Degree in electrical engineering SUPERVISOR: MR E RASHAYI CONTENTS Problem statement Background Objectives Literature review Methodology Time budget References PROBLEM STATEMENT Zimbabwe is only able to generate about 1100MW against national demand of 2200MW at peak periods. So this power deficit can be covered by exploring alternative forms of energy generation to meet the aspirations for full electrification. Africa has a huge solar potential but sadly it still trails the rest of world, so this project seeks promote the development of grid connected solar PV system as to alleviate energy crises in Africa. Objectives The main objective for the project is to design 2MW grid-connected solar PV system for the University of Zimbabwe using roofs of the building to analyze its financial and technical performance using software packages. The specific objectives are as follows: To come out with a standard procedure for the development grid connected solar PV system. This would include To study the components of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic and how they are connected together. To simulate the performance of the 2MW grid-connected solar PV system using appropriate...
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...Coventry University Pre-Sessional Programme ------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION To be affixed to all assessed work ------------------------------------------------- Name | Mohamad Idkhil | Student Number | 4982812 | Class and Literacy Tutor | Newton 1 | Project Number | 1 | Title | Discuss The role of technology in your subject area and examine how this role could change or develop in the future | Word Count | 960 | Academic Course after Pre-sessional | Electrical and Electronic engineering | Academic Course (tick) | /□ PG | Coventry University Pre-Sessional Programme ------------------------------------------------- PLAGIARISM DECLARATION To be affixed to all assessed work ------------------------------------------------- For an extensive account of what constitutes cheating and plagiarism, see Appendix 1 of the University’s General Regulations, which may be found on the Faculty’s Web. 4. Definition of cheating 4.1 Cheating is defined as a) […] b) any attempt to gain an unfair advantage in an assessment (including examinations). This includes (but is not confined to): i. copying from other candidates; ii. collusion; iii. impersonation; iv. plagiarism i.e. presenting the work of others as if it is one’s own (this includes buying or acquiring work/effort/programming code from another party (in full or in part) for the completion of an Assessment); v. the unacknowledged...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Solar Energy 112 (2015) 68–77 www.elsevier.com/locate/solener Short-term reforecasting of power output from a 48 MWe solar PV plant Yinghao Chu, Bryan Urquhart, Seyyed M.I. Gohari, Hugo T.C. Pedro, Jan Kleissl, Carlos F.M. Coimbra ⇑ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, Center for Renewable Resource Integration, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Received 31 March 2014; received in revised form 14 November 2014; accepted 17 November 2014 Communicated by: Associate Editor Frank Vignola Abstract A smart, real-time reforecast method is applied to the intra-hour prediction of power generated by a 48 MWe photovoltaic (PV) plant. This reforecasting method is developed based on artificial neural network (ANN) optimization schemes and is employed to improve the performance of three baseline prediction models: (1) a physical deterministic model based on cloud tracking techniques; (2) an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model; and (3) a k-th Nearest Neighbor (kNN) model. Using the measured power data from the PV plant, the performance of all forecasts is assessed in terms of common error statistics (mean bias, mean absolute error...
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...such as the semiconductor-based solar cell, that would allow humans to produce energy in a way that is very similar to that of a plant’s photosynthetic process. In this paper, I will compare and contrast the photosynthetic process with that of semiconductor-based solar cells in their capacities to generate energy while also explaining the application of thermodynamics to each process. In order to discuss the photosynthesis and the semiconductor-based solar cell, it is crucial to understand what is involved in each process and how they could be different or the same. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. The solar cell connects solar energy to convert it into electricity, which is required by all humans. This process can be understood as solar electricity, which is created by using Photovoltaic technology, which is converting solar energy into solar electricity from sunlight. This system is providing sunlight to everyday use constituents such as computers, lighting and electrical equipment. The foremost contrast between photosynthesis and semiconductor-based solar cells is that they require solar energy, or sunlight, to commence the processes. In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll, often found in green leaves, to engross solar energy from the sun. Likewise, a semiconductor-based solar cell utilizes photovoltaic (PV)...
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...of unlimited, sustainable, renewable energy, it is no wonder why solar energy systems is being used worldwide from country’s in poverty to homeowners in the United States. From large scale utility plants to urban communities, more solar energy systems are being used to generate electricity for many different reasons. Whether it’s saving our planet, saving money, or increasing the value of a home, these are just a few reasons why solar energy is growing. Over the past three decades SunPower Corporation has been able to improve the technology in renewable energy to generate the most energy from the sun. SunPower has been leading the quest to improve lives and our world for a better future one day at a time. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration in September of 2014, utility-scale solar power plants generated over 12,303 gigawatts- hours of electricity compared to September 2013which generated 6,048 gigawatts-hours. This is enough energy to power 1,513,703 average U.S. homes, (Danko, 2014). With the trend of solar energy and clean carbon emissions, the numbers of solar companies has risen. From manufacturing to installing, having a solar energy system has been easier and cost effective especially for homeowners. To motivate homeowners to start using solar energy system, local and state wide government has offered many incentives such as, “the eight-year extension of the Investment Tax Credit for renewable energy that was part of the 2008 Bush economic...
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...Energy Resources and its Management First Mr. Ankit Kumar Sharma, Second Mr. Arpit Kapoor, and Third Mr. Anil Kumar Yadav ankit_krishnaa@yahoo.in, arpitknp@gmail.com, anilyadav07@rocketmail.com Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Electrical Engg., JNU, Jaipur; Final Year, Electrical Engineering, JNU Jaipur; Final Year, Electrical Engineering, JNU, Jaipur ABSTRACT The present energy needs of the world are supplied by the drastic use of non-renewable sources of energy, which are mainly the fossil fuels or the nuclear fuels, which are no doubt very good, but will not last for ever, they will end very soon. By fossil fuels I am throwing light on coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. which on combustion emits harmful gases such as carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide which are harmful to the environment. Though the Renewable resources of energy which are the Solar Energy i.e. the energy from sun, Wind Energy, as the name suggests the energy from wind or the fast moving air, the Geothermal Energy i.e. the energy from the earth, energy generated from water known as hydro energy, biogas and many more. Which are no doubt very good energy sources and the qualities like everlasting and clean that is negligible pollution makes them the best in the lot. The present generation of energy is more from the non renewable resources which is bad for the nature and for the future also, thus we need to manage the use and organize the usage of both the resources so that they can be saved for the...
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...of emergency issues such as global warming, energy fuel lack, water shortage, climate change, food crisis and so on. Many scientists spend their whole lives in order to find out good solutions to the world’s problems. Even some of the scientists died while discovering the explanations because they were stressful of work or they were being poisoned by toxic chemicals. All people are respectful to scientists because of their enormous contributions to humankind. When I decide to pursue my major-electrical engineering, I also aim at figuring out an efficient way to reduce the gas emission. I think about how to make use of the solar energy in the production of solar panel on rooftop, electricity-generating devices. Truthfully, the solar energy is very important to the world. The fossil fuels cannot remain sufficient; therefore, oil and gas supplies will go down and cannot bring enough for demand. The solar energy will be the best option for a long term. Solar panel on the rooftop will focus the sun’s rays to heat fluids that produce power so that it can help engines act. Solar energy makes the productivity higher. However, the use of solar energy in production is still low due to the manufacturing high cost. In the future, if all people tend to use more solar energy, the manufacturing cost will decrease so that it can fit to the majority. Furthermore, the storing of solar energy is also considered deeply. If people constantly use an energy source without storing for later use, that...
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...Simulation of a Stirling Engine Solar Power Generation System Using Simulink Mehdi Zareian Jahromi∗ , Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini Bioki† , and Roohollah Fadaeinedjad‡ , Member IEEE ∗† Electrical ‡ Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman,Iran. and Computer Engineering Department, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman,Iran. Telephone: +98-3426226517, Fax: +98-3426226618, Email: rfadaein@ieee.org ‡ International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, Iran. could be especially useful in developing countries since they will run on any fuel, including biomass; or when incorporated in parabolic dish systems, they can use solar energy. Cogeneration is possible using the cooling water that maintains the cold sink, so heat-and-power systems for homes are provided. With higher efficiencies, their quiet vibration-free operation, very low emissions when burning natural gas, simplicity, and potentially high reliability could make the Stirling engines an attractive alternative in the near future [6]. Simulation and modeling can be used to evaluate the operation of the solar Stirling engine based power generation systems. Considerable research has been performed on the modeling and control of Stirling engine systems. Most of this research, however, has been done using mechanical and thermal models of Stirling engines that neglects the electrical parts of the system [5], [7], [8]. In this research...
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...Could Australia become the world's next energy superpower? This is not an academic question. It's about how this country can drive not only its own but also Asian economic development for centuries to come. When it comes to energy, of all the nations in our region Australia is the one with the richest array of choices. The world's most concentrated sunlight, huge reserves of coal, gas, hot rocks, wind, wave and tidal energy, not to mention uranium, thorium, biomass, hydro and other interesting possibilities. In short, thousands of years' worth of energy in sundry forms. In the past we have found difficulty making decisions among this bounty of opportunities: politicians who favour one energy form usually get beaten up by all the other lobbies, creating a perfect climate for indecision. This has been going on for decades and will probably continue to paralyse national policymaking, leaving us in the dark ages - unless we find a way to make the choice between energies an easy one. What Australia most needs, at this juncture in its history, is a level playing field, where all the energies can compete, each according to its strengths, for its share of the world's hungriest energy market - as Asia continues to grow while exhausting its local coal, oil and gas. That level playing field could be created by the Australian Energy Superhighway. The superhighway concept is a gigawatt DC transmission line starting in the bottom right-hand corner of Australia, extending across...
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...Physics II Dr. Eugene De Silva 20 October 2015 Energy of the Future The realization of the environmental and logistical ramifications and limitations associated with the use of fossil fuels to support the pillar of our technologically based society, has spurred a quest to find a better foundation on which to continue to build our civilization. Traditionally, large turbines are turned by steam heated by coal; these turbines act on an electric generator which uses magnets to induce a current on coils of wire. This has been the process of producing electricity for the past century. Since the discovery and implementation of electricity, the world has grown to use fifteen terawatts in energy every year. Eighty percent of this need is filled by fossil fuels (Tan). The awakening to the fact that there is a finite supply of fossil fuels and that the fuel being used damages the environment has posed the challenge of replacing coal, oil, and natural gas. Many in the oil industry lobby against efforts to make these replacements a reality, but alternative energy is becoming that reality; the forerunners in the race to replace fossil fuels are geothermal, hydrogen, and solar energy. Using what is below to sustain the life above is the idea behind geothermal energy. Geothermal energy is produced by using the high temperatures of the earth’s lower crust to super heat water in order to spin a turbine like a traditional power plant. Geothermal energy is a reliable and sustainable source of power...
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...Course: Lecturer: RESEARCH ASSISTANT IN SOLAR PANEL INDUSTRY REVISED PART OF OVERVIEW We have seen from part 1 of research how damages to the earth, pollution and global warming have caused a lot of environmental degradation in the recent years. This is mostly brought about by the excessive use of non renewable sources of energy such as coal and other fossil fuels. These non renewable sources of energy are characterized by excess carbon emission to the atmosphere which causes this kind of environmental damaged with time due to the destruction of ozone layer. It is thus apparent from part 1 of the research that renewable sources of energy such as use of solar, biomass, geothermal, wind and other renewable sources can be used as solutions against the negative effects of non renewable sources. These renewable sources of energy offers clean sources of energy with almost no emissions of carbon to the atmosphere. As a result, the world as at now is heading towards these clean sources for the purpose of conserving environment and for economic reasons. In order to embrace the use of renewable sources such as solar energy, the researchers and the assistant researchers in solar panel industry at taking part in the research of solar energy in the areas of solar photovoltaic(PV) energy and the concentrating solar power. The solar photovoltaic panels are used to produce electricity directly from sunlight. The assistant researchers in the solar panel industry have to undergo some education...
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...Compound, Sto. Tomas, Batangas Subject : Solar PPA/BOT Agreement Dear Mr. Santos , We, Green Global Resources Advance Tech, Inc, with official address located at 167 Liza Compound, Brgy. 4, Sto. Tomas, Batangas, hereby make this formal offer with full corporate authority and responsibility, that we are ready, willing and able to build a solar system in your campus. It is with great pride that our 100 % Filipino owned company shall be able to provide to the Philippines the cleanest and greenest alternative source of Energy. The objective of this Letter of Intent (LOI) is to identify and obtain your concurrence that the Customer desires to acquire, and GGR desires to supply, a Photo Voltaic solar project including the scope, system size and cost. ➢ No. of KW Solar System __________ (Solar Capacity) ➢ Installed Operational value of Php 000.00 Pesos __________ (System Amount) ➢ Annual savings based on FIT is Php 000.00 Pesos __________ (Annual Savings) ➢ Lifetime profit after ROI is Php 000.00 Pesos __________ (Savings After ROI) Execution of this LOI will initiate GGR undertaking project development activities, including, but not limited to, feasibility studies, preliminary engineering documents, arrangements for financing and project management. As such, the Parties agree to: a. Coordinate and cooperate in the conduction of preliminary and final design studies for a Hybrid Solar/Generator System for the generation of electricity...
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...Renewable Energy; Research Proposal The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind and hydraulic energies, is very old; they have been used since many centuries before our time and their applications continued throughout history and until the "industrial revolution", at which time, due to the low price of petroleum, they were abandoned. However, a general definition of renewable energy sources is that renewable energy is captured from an energy resource that is replaced rapidly by a natural process such as power generated from the sun or from the wind. Currently, the most promising alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, and hydroelectric power. Other renewable sources include geothermal and ocean energies, as well as biomass and ethanol as renewable fuels. Moreover, with using the renewable energy we can easily avoid energy related environmental problems, such as, Acid rain which “is a form of pollution depletion in which SO2 and NOx produced by the combustion of fossil fuels are transported over great distances through the atmosphere and deposited via precipitation on the earth’’(solar energy engineering), Ozone layer, Global climate change, and Nuclear energy. The threat of global warming and the burning of oil, solar activity is acceptable an important allotment of our energy. The spectrum of solar corpuscle covers a array of abstracts and designs in an accomplishment to abstract best ability from the device, while befitting...
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