...Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature of Review 3 Africa’s Energy Situation 4 Large-Scale Renewable Energy System 5 Why should Africa promote renewable energy? 6 Why Should Africa Promote Environmental Energy Efficiency? 7 Barriers to Renewable Energy Development 7 Recommendations For Boosting Renewable Energy in Africa 8 Conclusion 9 Methodology 10 Interpretation of The Results 14 Conclusion 15 Recommendations 16 Limitations 16 Works Cited 17 Appendix A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels 14 Introduction There is a need to meet the growing energy demand...
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...Humanities and Social Sciences Research Writing RHET 1020 Boosting Africa’s Energy Sector Instructor Name: Allana Marie Haist Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 LITERATURE OF REVIEW 3 AFRICA’S ENERGY SITUATION 4 LARGE-SCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM 5 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY? 6 WHY SHOULD AFRICA PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY? 7 BARRIERS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BOOSTING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AFRICA 8 CONCLUSION 9 METHODOLOGY 10 INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 14 CONCLUSION 15 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 LIMITATIONS 16 WORKS CITED 17 APPENDIX A 19 List Of Figure: Figure (1)- Place of living 12 Figure (2)- Term Renewable Energy 12 Figure (3) - Implementing Green Energy In Africa 13 Figure (4) – What obstructs people from investing in green energy 13 Figure (5)- Do you think Energy and economic development are related? 14 Figure (6)- After allowing the direct electricity from solar panels to the nearest grid, therefore electricity bills will be lower, are you willing to invest in solar panels ...
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...Abstract Solar energy is renewable energy that comes from the sun. The paper tries to focus on the new advancement in solar energy technology. However, advancement in solar energy comes with problems for instance the collection and distribution of this energy harnessed from the sun. it further evaluates the problem by exploring the technology used to promote efficiency in solar power collection and storage. On the literature review, the study focuses on how other authors and researchers have developed and enhanced solar energy. The methodology used is extensive research on the problem statement and the findings are crucial because they have thoroughly depicted all the advances both present and futuristic in terms of solar energy usage. The most intriguing aspect of this study is how solar harvesting has been adopted by the architecture industry by incorporating windows as solar harvesting panels. Finally, the conclusion clearly stipulates highlights the subject of study as well as giving a prediction of future solar power usage based on the findings. Introduction Solar energy is renewable energy derived from the sun’s rays. This energy is in the form of heat and light, it is collected by solar panels which convert them into useful energy. It has two forms, passive and active solar energy. Passive solar energy is the direct use of solar power in practical form, for instance, the use of solar panels to redirect light into crops. Active solar energy is the use of solar panels to...
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...Renewable energies in Africa Current knowledge A. Belward, B. Bisselink, K. Bódis, A. Brink, J.-F. Dallemand, A. de Roo, T. Huld, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, M. Moner-Girona, H. Ossenbrink, I. Pinedo, H. Sint, J. Thielen, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni, L. Willemen Edited by F. Monforti EUR 25108 EN - 2011 The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. Contributions to this report from: Institute for Energy and Transport: F. Monforti (editor), K. Bódis, J.-F. Dallemand, T. Huld, M.Moner-Girona, I. Pinedo, S. Szabó, U. Tromboni. Institute for Environment and Sustainability: A. Beward, B. Bisselink, A. Brink, A. de Roo, F. Kayitakire, P. Mayaux, H. Sint, J. Thielen, L. Willemen Cover picture: Towards Koyiria Market (Niger), Picture by E. Bartholomé, JRC European Commission Joint Research Centre Contact information Address: F. Monforti-Ferrario , Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: fabio.monforti-ferrario@ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible...
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...FUTURE STATEMENT Solar Technology Although not widely used, I believe the future of Solar energy technology products such as Solar panels is bright. Solar technology is one of the green energy sectors that is making a lot of difference here at home and around world. For instance, the use of solar panels in homes is very popular in most third world countries since energy cost is expensive. The cost and accessibility of this technology is much easier than here in the U.S. For instance in Africa, the use of solar panels in homes is very common. Cheap imports from China have made it affordable for most home owners. The panels are easily available and are installed by contractors without any red-tape if the person can afford it. Although, most of these countries are poor and lacks basic infrastructures, solar energy has given them the opportunity to be less dependent on fuel imports and benefit the technological advantages of a clean energy economy. On the other hand, here in the U.S. the use of solar panels in homes is not as popular as other countries. The average American homeowner doesn’t know where to buy these panels or how to get them installed. Home buyers have the perception that solar panels are not affordable so they are reluctant to consider them as an option when they build or buy a new house. Furthermore, the burden of getting licensing and permit scares off a lot of homeowners who otherwise would have benefited from this green energy technology. Regardless, I am...
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...cultural factors 11 Population demographics 11 Technological Factors 12 Level of technology in renewable energy 12 Availability and cost of skilled employees 13 Geography 14 Renewable energy potential in Nigeria 16 Solar Energy 16 Wind Energy 17 Waste-to-energy 17 Biomass 17 Reference 19 INTRODUCTION There is higher demand for electricity in the country due to the high consumption and need for electricity, and this project is the plan to study the demand for renewable energy re- sources in Nigeria and to find out the main competitors and discover the best periods for market entry in the country via the micro and the macro environmental analysis. The demand for renewable energy in the country is being driven by the increase and urbanization access to energy intensive technologies, product and the industrial growth. The Nigerian government is wooing energy companies to come and invest in the country. Special energy policy for foreign investors is being organized, such as tax reduction for energy investors in the country, softening all policies related to energy. Nigeria has a lot of renewable energy potential such as sunlight, which might be productive for solar power, and abundance bio-waste for biomass energy production. The renewable energy products that Nigeria requires most are Solar, Hydro, Wind, & Bio-energy. Premium Renewable Energy Sdn Bhd was formed in 2007 with the objective of affecting positive environmental change at a global scale by...
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...Vernacular Architecture In Africa Changes Over Time Vernacular Architecture in Africa has been vanishing in recent years. In West Africa, as well as the rest of Africa, western materials and construction techniques are rapidly replacing traditional ones. This is true even in the most remote areas Modern methods are seen as “civilized” and a reflection of affluence. Traditional materials and construction techniques have implications of being substandard or “primitive”. As a result, these techniques are not being passed on to future generations. In just a few generations, this part of Africa culture could be only a memory. Documenting these structures and techniques and understanding why these traditional architectural relations work is the goal of this project. A second goal is to demonstrate that traditional materials have the strength, comfort and beauty of modern applications. A change in perception has the potential of supporting a vernacular architecture. Vernacular architecture is the construction and building design of settlements that relate to their contexts and available resources. In his book, Ambe Njoh states ”Vernacular architecture is usually the product of specific climatic cultural, and economic conditions of a particular place.” Many different countries throughout Africa are not fortunate enough to buy building material or they just are not able to get access to any. Many African cultures custom build homes or any other buildings using traditional techniques...
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...Research University Higher School of Economics Nizhny Novgorod branch Essay «Investing in renewable energy: global trend» Student: Kutina Alexandra, 12e2 Tutor: Korenkova Marianna Maximovna N. Novgorod 2015 In contemporary business life one of the relatively recent trends is the growing appeal of corporate and private investors to renewable energy. It is well-known fact that in current world people face the problems of scarcer petroleum reserves and global warming. Due to these burning issues, nowadays people pay more and more attention to developing alternative sources of energy. However, developing renewable and natural energy sources such as solar and wind powers, for instance, is believed to be time and money-consuming and unprofitable. There is still significant uncertainty associated with outputs of renewable technologies. This young industry also encounters difficulties with government support in many countries. As investors are always intend to make high returns in their investment it is really attention-grabbing to analyze their incentives and purposes, and observe the present-day situation on the market of renewable energy. Thus, it is important to find worthy arguments in support of the growing popularity of projects devoted to alternative energy powers. First of all, it is reasonable to track investment in renewable power and fuels. The chart below...
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...Dr. Miro The country of Ghana a region in West Africa is my country of choice, Electricity generation and usage in Ghana. Business Report The country generates electric power from hydropower, fossil-fuel, thermal energy and renewable energy sources. Electricity generation is one of the key factors to propel it to achieve the developmental goal of the national economy, with aggressive and rapid industrialization, which has increased the consumption from 265kilowatt-hours per capita in 2009 to 297.8 kilowatt-hours per capita, causing frequent power outage and rationing. It has become necessary for the privatization of the sector. Ghana exported some of its generated energy and fossil fuel to other countries in the region, Transmission is under the operation of Ghana Grid Company, Distribution under Northern electricity Distribution Company and electricity Company of Ghana. For the country to meet its economic growth, it is working on projects aimed at diversifying its energy generation and supply as the government is no longer able to handle it. I therefore propose that Consolidated Edison Company (ConEdison) come into a joint venture business agreement with Ghana, where generation and supply will be manage by ConEdison. During the past two decades, Ghana has emerged as a paragon of stability and good governance, held up as a shining example for the rest of Africa to follow. Its democratic norms are entrenched, its...
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...The World Would Benefit from Using Solar Energy Leroy Valdez EN1320 3/4/14 The world would benefit from using solar power energy technology especially in developing countries and poorer neighborhoods. Here is some information about the basic types of Solar Energy. There are two main types available – Photovoltaic (PV) solar panel and solarthermal heating panels. While PV panels generate electricity to run appliances and lighting, solarthermal panels use energy to warm water stored in a hot water cylinder, (Dailey Record, 2012). Over the years the price of solar panels arrays has dropped significantly. Around 1.5 billion people, or more than a fifth of the world’s population, have no access to electricity; and a billion have only an unreliable and intermittent supply, (Economist, 2010). Solar power can be directly installed in a home or building in a town or village that has no access to an electrical grid, there is no need for miles of costly power lines to be installed for the use of solar power. Once solar cell panels are installed there is little maintenance to be needed. With the growing use of cell phones in rural areas in Africa and India and South and Central America solar power can be a cost effective way for powering such devices. Solar power can also be used in rural clinics to refrigerate life saving medicines. These are just some of the examples of how solar energy can be utilized in the developing world and the possibilities are endless once people are...
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...corundum, fluorite, apatite, malachite, copper, garnet, talc, , sulfur, and roughly 4,000 other recognized minerals. The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth. Questions for the students. Where are the minerals found? Power Resources Power or energy comes from different sources: solar, wind, hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, fossil fuel and so on. A society or civilization cannot survive for a moment without power or energy. So, sufficient energy is the basic foundation for the development of a nation. Daily needs, industries, transportation and communication and so on are governed by energy sufficiency. What is energy? The stored ability to perform work or produce heat comes in many forms-electric, mechanical, or nuclear, among others. This is called energy. Sources of energy: a) Renewable resources: It includes wood, water, and solar. This kind of resources can be produced further. b) Non-renewable resources: It encompasses fossil fuel, natural gas, coal, oil and so on. Questions for the students: Bangladesh is an energy deficit country. Why? Meeting energy demand is the key to...
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...SOUTH AFRICA 756 SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. General Overview The Republic of South Africa occupies the southernmost part of the African continent (see Figure 1), stretching latitudinally from 22° to 35° S and longitudinally from 17° to 33° E. Its surface area is 1 219 090 km². It has common boundaries with the republics of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, while the Republic of Mozambique and the Kingdom of Swaziland lie to the northeast (Figure 2). Completely enclosed by South African territory in the southeast is the mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. FIG. 1. African Continent To the west, south and east, South Africa borders on the Atlantic and southern Indian oceans. Isolated, 1 920 km southeast of Cape Town in the Atlantic, lie Prince Edward and Marion islands, which became part of South Africa in 1947. South Africa has a lengthy coastline of about 3 000 km. This coastline is swept by two major ocean currents – the warm south-flowing Mozambique-Agulhas current and the cold Benguela. The SOUTH AFRICA 757 former skirts the east and south coasts as far as Cape Agulhas while the Benguela current flows northwards along the west coast as far as southern Angola. The contrast in temperature between these two currents partly accounts for important differences in climate and vegetation between the east and west coasts of South Africa. It also causes big differences in marine life, the cold waters of the west coast being much richer in oxygen...
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...1. Solar Energy/ Solar Architecture (What is it? Is it a problem? How does it aid or cause problems both for our environment and our personal health? Research uses, types, etc. What are the issues, discuss the pros and cons of the issues and suggest environmentally safe choices. Solar energy can be used for day lighting, cooking, heating water or other fluids, distillation, disinfection, making saline water potable and high temperature process heating. Solar energy in building is used by orientating the house relative to the sun, making it more compact, including patterns of selective shading and choosing building materials with certain thermal mass (heat capacity of a material). Every house should also be tailored to a certain climate it’s going to be located in. In agriculture solar energy is used to increase the productivity of plants. There are such methods of ensuring growth as timed planting cycles, row orientation for the plants to get as much sun as possible etc. The commonly known greenhouse in fact also uses sun energy that is converted into heat to provide for the year-round growth of certain plants. Passive Solar Energy doesn't use mechanical means to collect, store, or distribute the solar energy. For example, a thermosyphon (solar water heater) will use natural convection to circulate the water through the system. Active Solar Energy uses mechanical devices to collect, store, and/or distribute the solar energy. For example, active solar water...
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...Solar Energy: The Present and Future of the Middle East Aalim Saleem The American University of Sharjah Dr. Victoria Amador November 22, 2015 Abstract Solar energy, a pure and limitless amount of energy, has been one of the rising and popular forms of power in the Middle East. A region that is solely dependent on oil and gas as a form of energy. Since oil and gas is non-renewable and also damages the environment severely, countries in the Middle East have turned to a different form of energy. solar energy has become its direct competitor in recent years. The different projects and prospects that each country in the Middle East is pushing towards is a clear example of how important solar energy has become to these countries. Increase in economy and the many advantages of having solar energy for the environment are two benefits that this source of power is capable of providing to these countries. A limitation of solar panels is an aspect that helps gives both sides to this research paper. Accordingly this research paper discusses how all these factors are benefiting the Middle East and hence should solar energy be the main source of energy in this region. Solar Energy: The Future and Present of the Middle East Solar energy is the energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. It is one of the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy sources available, since it’s directly obtained from the sun. Solar energy has been around since the time...
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...AN ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN ACHIEVING ENERGY SECURITY FOR EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF HOMES, SCHOOLS AND HEALTH FACILITIES IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA BY ONYANCHA MORARA GEORGE A Research Project Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Conferment of the Degree of Master of Business Administration DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS FACULTY OF COMMERCE KISII UNIVERSITY 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE This research project is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a diploma or degree in this or any other institution/university. Signature……………………………….. Date…………………………… Onyancha Morara George CBM12/10003/10 DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors. Signature:………………………………… Date:………………………… Dr. Nemwel N. Bosire Lecturer, Department of Business Signature:………………………………… Date:…………………………. Mr. Martin O. Lumumba Lecturer, Department of Business COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by means of mechanical reproduction including photocopying, recording or retrieval from systems without express permission of the researcher or Kisii University on his behalf. ©2014 DEDICATION This research project is dedicated to my father, the late Onyancha Michieka and mother...
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