...directly used for power generation. This method for electricity generation causes no environmental pollution, has no rotating or moving parts, and causes no material depletion. Photovoltaics are also multifunctional. It can generate and operate illuminations, pump water, operate any house hold equipments and appliances, can operate any electrical gadgets and communication equipment. The photovoltaic finds its wide application in village electrification in the developing countries and electricity production for the buildings, commercial areas and industrial sector in cities. BIPV, a segment of the growing Photovoltaic (PV) market, is becoming a popular way to generate electricity by the use of solar energy. Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) projects uses nearly 50% of world production of solar PV cells. However, we in India are yet to initiate the promotion of BIPV. A Building Integrated Photovoltaic...
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...Summary Efficient Solar Panels In an article found in SFGate.com, there is a new twist unfolding into one of the world’s most pressing problem. The problem is finding a real alternate source of energy that can topple out our dependence on fossil fuels. So in this article, the author is trying to convey that the planet’s atmosphere is deteriorating away because of CO2’s being released into the air. It mentions that in an effort to alleviate the problem, Han Gur a chemical scientist from Cal State Berkeley is developing a solar panel substance that might one day revolutionize the way we think about energy. His idea will includes a solar panel so thin it can be rolled out of a press or even out of a printing machine. These solar cells can put on clothes to power a cell phone or portable DVD player. The possibilities are endless and he is also trying diligently to come up with the right chemical structure so that it becomes more efficient and right now it is only at 2 percent efficient where as the current solar panels are 10 percent efficient. His only concern is when this will happen and in the article he mentions that, "finding a breakthrough that makes solar cells more efficient is certain. The question is how soon." The idea is said to be three years away and people will soon see this product in the market, helping us to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. The solar panels will be laid out wherever there is sun like on people’s roofs. Yes this sounds familiar with the...
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...------------------------------------------------- University of Ottawa School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) ELG 4913 Final Report Project Title: Solar Panel Enhancement System Executive Summary The project is to enhance the functionality of the solar panels. Our project is divided onto three main parts. Snow and dust can prevent the solar panels to receive direct sun light. This can decrease the amount of power received. First part is preventing high voltage by detecting high very high temperature and humidity. Second part is cleaning project that clean what’s blocking the light from the panel by reading power measurement. The last part is detecting damage by reading the power measurement coming from the panel and the battery. Home photovoltaic system must be cleaned regularly to achieve maximum efficiency. To achieve this, surface of the solar panels must be free from dust, sand, snow, and more. Dirty solar panels lower power generation efficiencies and the solution for this is to design and create a brush that can be activated to clean unwanted substance from the panel. Table of Contents: 1- Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 2- Design Objectives ................................................................................
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...Photosynthesis vs. Solar panels. Converting solar energy into other materials dates back to Edmund Becquerel discover of the photovoltaic effect, which is the operating principle of the solar cell, in 1839” (Zamostny, 2011). Since then scientist have attempt to mimic the photosynthesis process used by plants to harness solar energy. In this essay I will show what makes both methods similar and what makes them different. The main commonality that photosynthesis and solar panels share is that they both have the same goal of creating energy which originates from the sun. The utilization of photosynthesis allows plants to use that energy to survive. The sole purpose of solar panels is to create energy to that could be used in day to day life to make our lives so much more enjoyable. The use of this technology allows us to slow the uses of fossil fuel preserving them making our surviving (or comfort of living) a lot more sustainable. Another commonality that photosynthesis and solar panels (photovoltaic cells) share is the absorption of the sunlight. In photosynthesis, the sunlight is absorbed through the chlorophyll which is located in the chloroplasts. Then is converted to chemical energy used to produce organic compounds. The same method is used in solar panels where the absorption of sunlight occurs in the semi-conductors usually made of silicon. The process of conversion of sunlight into energy itself is a common trait. In solar panels the semi-conductors perform this process...
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...The industry that I decided to do my paper on is the Solar Panel manufacturing industry. Over the past decade, the dramatic rise in energy cost and the movement to become “greener” as a country, has led to the growth of environmentally friendly industries such as Solar Panel manufacturing. The Solar Power manufacturing industry has been at the head of the pack of the green industrial movement with an average annual revenue growth of 32.3% from 2002 to 2012, including a growth of 9.4% in 2012. One of the other big upsides to being in the green industry is that there are substantial subsidies given out by the government to promote the growth of renewable energies and reduce the dependence on fossil and other non-renewable fuels. One of the biggest issues with Solar Panel manufacturing in the United States is that the consumer could buy Solar Panels for much less overseas, but with the falling prices of silicon, domestic and international sales have become much more competitive. According to a report by IBIS World, the Solar Panel industry had revenue of 4610.5 million in 2012 and is expected to have a continual growth every year up to revenue of 6827.5 million in 2017. In looking at the various companies that are in the Solar Panel manufacturing I chose First Solar as the franchise I would want to be a part of. One of the first statistics that stood out to me was that they have the second largest market share in the world and the largest market share in the United States...
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...IMPACT OF SOLAR PANEL IN LIVELIHOOD IN SOME SELECTED (MD. IBRAHIM KHOLILULLAH, DEPT OF AG.FINANCE, BAU MOB: 01718996557) AREAS OF BOGRA DISTRICT Introduction Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating electricity. Electricity is the prime mover for the advancement of all economic and industrial activities. About 59% of total population live in rural and isolated areas and most of them have no electricity access. This scenario is more acute in the rural and isolated areas in Bangladesh where only about 25% have electricity access ( Energy Bangla, January, 2014 ). Bangladesh is a semi-tropical region lying in northeastern part of South Asia gets abundant sunlight year round. The average bright sunshine duration in Bangladesh in the dry season is about 7.6 hours a day, and in the monsoon season is about 4.7 hours, Solar energy can be harnessed. So, solar panel technology is advised. A total of 3,00,000 solar panels had been installed in more than 40,000 villages of 456 upazilas of all districts of Bangladesh. Daily on average 44 MW electricity is being produced by these solar panels.( Momotaz and Karim,2012).Now a days solar panel is applied in different aspects such as solar based recharging station ,solar cooking etc. It presents an attractive alternative to conventional electricity such as no monthly bills, no fuel cost, little repair and maintenance costs, easy to install any where etc. The solar panel technology is very...
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...Solar Panels Tangerine is a company that has continuously strived to differentiate ourselves from other banks within the market. Going green will not only help us achieve this separation from the competition, but it will also help lessen our carbon footprint. One possible strategy to consider for the green initiative is utilizing solar energy. The implementation of solar panels would provide our company with a plethora of benefits. Arguably the most important benefit would be the fact that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. Seeing as it is dependant on the sun, it can be harnessed absolutely anywhere and is available every day. Another advantage of the utilization of solar energy is that it reduces electricity bills, another...
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...Solar Panels – Creating Silver Bulls!! The Fukushima disaster in Japan led the authorities to think of alternative ways to reduce dependence on nuclear power which meets about 30% of Japan’s power requirements. In June 12 Japan’s Industry Minister Yukio Edano set a premium price for solar electricity that’s about triple what industrial users now pay for conventional power. This premium is expected to push Japanese utility companies to solar power. Photovoltaic technology (PV) is used for generating solar power and a typical solar panel uses about 20 grams of silver. It may be interesting to note that relatively speaking a laptop uses about 750mg and a cell phone about 250mg of silver. It is estimated that silver used in solar panels has arisen @50% per annum since 2000. The demand was 60 million ounces in 2011 increasing from about 1 million ounce in 2002 (one ounce = 28 grams) constituting about 11% of the total industrial demand (excluding jewelry). Germany is the largest user of solar panels accounting for 27% of the installations. But there have been subsidy cuts which has reduced the solar panel capacity to 7.5 gigawatts but made up by increased usage by China, Italy, France UK, Japan & US. Global analysts had predicted a fall in silver demand for solar panels in 2012 due to this and predicted n oversupply due to excess production in China. However the Japanese announcement seems to have changed the landscape as it means a great thrust for the solar panel industry as the...
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...SOLAR PANEL SYSTEMS: Importance of solar panels With the earth's natural resources dwindling quickly we were on the verge of running out of power. Electricity bills are rising day in and day out. In such a scenario, finding alternative sources of energy had become mandatory. Focus shifted to using renewable and inexhaustible sources to fulfill the energy needs. Solar energy emerged as a potential option. Other than saving the nation’s resources, solar energy has benefitted its users at the basic grass root level. It has now been touted as the major power source worldwide. 1. Save on electricity bills: By installing solar panels on your roof, you ensure that every sunray that hits the panels lowers...
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...U.S. Imposition of Steep Tariffs on Chinese Solar Panels – Protecting or Hurting American Markets and Consumers? On Tuesday, December 16th 2014 the United States Department of Commerce approved a collection of trade tariffs on solar panels imported from China and Taiwan. Tariffs on these solar panels, ranging from 18.56% to 35.21%, have been in place since earlier this year when the Commerce Department issues a preliminary decision. The case was brought by SolarWorld Industries America, Inc. the U.S. subsidiary of German company SolarWorld AG. SolarWorld alleged that Chinese companies were selling solar panels in the U.S. market below manufacturing cost, a practice known as “dumping”, with the intent being to cause harm to domestic manufactures of similar products. This particular case dates back to 2012 when SolarWorld first successfully petitioned to impose solar panel import tariffs. Chinese manufactures of solar panels then started using solar cells, the central component of the technology used to harvest the sun’s energy and convert it into electricity, made in Taiwan as a means to circumvent the restrictions. This led SolarWorld to again ask the Department of Commerce to expand the tariffs to include Taiwanese manufactured panels. The proposal will next go to the U.S. International Trade Commission for review, and if approved, keep the assessed duties in place for at least five years. A SolarWorld spokesperson has declared this action as a major victory...
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...of Energy: Rooftop Solar Panels Coal fired energy plants have long been recognized as extremely damaging to the environment. The role of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in precipitating climate change is well documented. Carbon-dioxide emissions have increased manifold since the Industrial Revolution and have led to an increase in the Earth’s temperature in the past 50 years, worsening forest fires, drought and coastal flooding among other disastrous side effects of climate change, according to the U.S. Global Change Research Program. (NOAA National Climatic Data Center). In Kentucky where 91% of its power is generated from coal (Department for Energy Development and Independence; Kentucky Coal Association), there is a great impetus for utilities to cut down on carbon emissions. Unfortunately current efforts to reduce carbon emissions are largely insufficient because they do not attempt to reduce America’s and Kentucky’s overreliance on fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. Rather, currently adopted technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and natural gas-fired plants that halve carbon emissions merely seek to reduce the environmental impact while still relying on fossil fuels for energy. (Nijhuis) (Breeze) For a solution to be viable in the long run, it must propose an alternative energy source to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for energy which is the root cause of excessive carbon emissions. Investing in renewable energy like solar power is therefore...
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...BUSINESS PLAN ON SOLAR POWER PLANT “P SQUARE” Submitted To Prepared by Letter of Authorization TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 2 CHAPTER 2: COMPANY OVERVIEW 5 2.1 Mission Statement 5 2.2 Vision Statement 5 2.3 Key Products & Services 5 2.4 Strategic Goals and Objectives 6 2.5 Management 6 CHAPTER 3: INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 7 3.1 Threat of New Entry 7 3.2 Bargaining Power of Buyer 7 3.3 Bargaining Power of Supplier 8 3.4 Degree of Rivalry 8 3.5 Threat of Substitution 9 3.6 Company’s Core Competencies 9 CHAPTER 4: COMPANY ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION PLAN 10 4.1 Company Analysis 10 4.1.1 Cost Advantage and the Value Chain 11 4.1.2 Differentiation and the Value Chain 12 4.1.3 Technology and the Value Chain 13 4.1.4 Linkages between Value Chain Activities 14 4.1.5 Analyzing Business Unit Interrelationships 14 4.1.6 Outsourcing Value Chain Activities 15 4.1.7 Existing Core Competencies 15 4.1.8 Future Competencies 16 4.2 Production Plan 17 4.2.1 Product/Service Overview 17 4.2.2 Facilities 17 4.2.3 Products and Manufacturing Process 20 4.2.4 Research and Development 20 4.2.5 Quality Assurance 20 CHAPTER 5: STRATEGIC PLANNING 21 5.1 Marketing Environment Analysis 21 5.2 SWOT Analysis 23 5.3 Competitive Advantage 27 5.4 Additional Strategic Consideration 28 5.5 Strategic Group Analysis 29 CHAPTER 6: MARKETING PLAN 31 6.1 Market overview 31 ...
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...necessary information regarding the project and also for their support in completing the project. To our neighbours: I wanted to thank them because of developing our project and they are also willingly to help us out with their abilities. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to the hardware stores for giving me such time and attention. They also help us to find our needed materials in their store. To our principal, who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project which also helped us to do a lot of research and I came to know about so many new things. I am really thankful to her. To my group members, who help me to assemble the parts and gave suggestion about our investigatory project. To the panel, especially during the project presentation that has improved our presentation skill, thanks to their comment and advices. To our friends, who helped us a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame. To the other groups for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project. I would also like to thank the WIKIPEDIA.ORG for giving us the needed information on how did the copper-zinc-vinegar generate electricity. To my cousin for helping me out to finish and construct this acknowledgement letter and her invaluably constructive criticism and friendly...
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...Neets Central Control To be used with Neets Control EU panel software 1.30 and forward Doc. No: 309-002 Rev 1.02 Foreword: The purpose of this document is to describe how to install, set-up, and configure Neets central control. Included in this manual is also a description on how to use the software. This program can be downloaded from Neets.dk. The document is split into 3 sections: 1. Hardware configuration. 2. Software setup. 3. End-user manual. COPYRIGHT - All information contained in this Manual is the intellectual property of and copyrighted material of Neets. All rights are reserved. You may not allow any third party access to content, information or data in this manual without Neets’ express written consent and you may only use such information for the care and operation of Neets Control. Questions, AFTER reading this manual may be addressed to your local dealer or: Neets Torvet 4 8700 Horsens Denmark by E-Mail: Support@Neets.dk Or you may use our contact form at www.neets.dk Page 1 of 17 Doc. no: 309-002 Rev 1.02 Revision list: Author : Date Description Pages TSA : 27-07-06 SDV : 03-10-06 SVL : 23-06-08 First release Spelling error Header in the document has been change. Remove information regarding the lockup of panels Added the description of the renaming functions. Added description of the relabeling Updated the description of the settings options. All 1.00 5,7,8,9,10,13,15,16 1.01 All 1.02 Doc...
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...ndIvIdual Performance revIew (IPr) Guidelines for Supervisors and employees September 2011 Human Resources IndIvIdual Performance revIew (IPr) 2 Table of conTenTS Individual Performance Review (IPR) Guidelines Definition of Terms CHaPTeR 1: Goals How it works CHaPTeR 2: RevIew How it works n Preparing for the meeting n In the meeting n after the meeting CHaPTeR 3: aPPRaIsal (YeaR-enD aPPRaIsal) How it works n Preparing for the meeting n In the meeting n after the meeting CHaPTeR 4: PeRfoRmanCe RankInG How it works n Preparing for the ranking panel n ranking panel session CHaPTeR 5: ouTComes How it works n Preparing for the discussion n discussion n Performance share nomination n Pay outcomes appendix - factors affecting Performance Ranking 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 within the objectives of simplifying and standardising Hr processes across the Shell Group, these global guidelines are distributed for adoption by Shell Group companies. any resulting changes to current practices may require, in some locations, compliance checks with local legislation and/or consultation with employee representative bodies. no rights can be derived from this guide and the process described within is not contractually binding in relation to terms and conditions of employment or agreements with Trade unions or Staff councils. This guide is intended for managers and employees of the Shell Group and is consequently for internal Shell use only...
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