... Significance of the Study With two-thirds of the earth’s surface covered by water and human body consisting of 78% of it. It is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. It is necessary for the digestion and absorption of food, help maintain proper muscle tone and supply oxygen and nutrients to cell (Quiles and Quiles, 1996). A drinking water is defined as water intended primarily for human consumption but which has another domestic purposes. It may consume directly from the tap for beverages and food prepared with water. But according to Hippocrates, water supplies may also be contaminated with organisms that can cause disease. Among diseases that may transmitted by water contaminated by bacteria, viruses or protozoa are typhoid and cholera, gastroenteritis, paratyphoid fever, and infectious hepatitis. These kinds of diseases are caused by microbiological parameter. One of the microbiological parameter is the coliform bacteria. Coliforms may be associated with the sources of pathogens contaminating water. It is a broad class of bacteria found in our environment, including the faeces of man and other warm-blooded animals. The presence of coliform bacteria in drinking water may indicate a possible presence of harmful causing disease. Purok Cueva is one of the Puroks comprising Barangay of Pisan. The source of the said Purok is a well. Water taken from well for human consumption can be possible contaminated. According to Municipality...
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...Garas, Dianne Katrina G. 2014-2680 Paras, Michael S. 2014-62622 Raymundo, Chezqah O. 2014-32989 Position Paper November 28, 2014 Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction Management: Enhancing the Resiliency of the Filipino People Multiple choices are everybody’s favorite. Since natural disasters are already altering the way each Filipino live, every member of the society has the obligation of making a crucial decision whether: to act cooperatively now to address the problem, to prefer to move independently or to decide to be passive and suffer the consequences of apathy together (Aquino III, 2014). Advance preparation of the government with the community can possibly reduce the casualties due to natural calamities and incidents. Therefore, implementation of disaster management and risk reduction activities among the community to promote calamity preparedness in the Philippines requires a collaborative effort. Disaster risk reduction management aims to enhance the resiliency of the Filipino people through changing the country’s tendency of increasing figures and loss from natural calamities, developing safe and resilient communities and assuring a long-lasting development for the whole nation through the implementation of disaster risk reducing projects such as the education for basic human needs storage and survival strategies of the community that is backed up by the past projects of the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). The implementation of disaster risk reduction...
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...laden with heavy jugs, in search of drinking water. When they managed to find water in the dry season, it was far away, nearly dried up and always filthy, but they had no choice but to carry it back to their families. Water and the search for water dominated daily life in Bhikampura. Villagers had little time for leisure, education, or economic development when mere existence was such a struggle. Thirst - A woman in Africa carries water from the well to her house. A woman in Africa carries water from the well to her house. Rajasthan is blessed with a monsoon season, when water is plentiful and life is good for one season. But every year, the villagers would watch in sadness as the land dried up, since the water did not drain properly and saturate the desert soil. They hardened themselves for the coming drought. When Rajendra Singh arrived in Bhikampura nineteen years ago, he wondered why such hardworking, intelligent people did little to improve their lot. Partially it was the promise of the government and the companies building pipelines: soon, they said, you will have enough water. Soon, we will build pipes to your village. But it never happened. Rajendra decided to help the villagers help themselves, and he mobilized them to work together to build a reservoir to collect rainwater during the monsoon season. Today, the reservoir collects water, and water seeps into the earth through the sides of the reservoir. As the water in the...
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...Since sunlight is free, all you have to do is pay for the initial installation, causing your electricity costs to decrease. You are also getting paid for the electricity you are generating. The government issues Feed-In Tariffs, which pay you for the electricity you generate, even if you are the one using it. Another benefit is selling electricity, because if your system is producing more electricity than you need, or when you can't use it, you can sell the surplus created. The greatest benefit of solar energy is cutting your carbon footprint. Due to solar electricity being green, it doesn't release any harmful pollutants (Energy Saving Trust Organsation,...
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...GRE-EN-ERGY The Journey to Sustainability. [pic] By Vijeta Kavethkar Green energy is the need of the hour to sustain our energy requirements. Green energy includes natural energetic processes that can be harnessed with little pollution. Anaerobic digestion, geothermal power, wind power, small-scale hydropower, solar energy, biomass power, tidal power, wave power, and some forms of nuclear power (ones which are able to "burn" nuclear waste through a process known as nuclear transmutation, such as an Integral Fast Reactor, and therefore belong in the "Green Energy" category). Some definitions may also include power derived from the incineration of waste. In this report we have discussed on various dimension of non renewable energy resources and its impact on our environment. It is aptly said that “The Earth has enough to satisfy the Need but not the Greed of the Humans” We have gone beyond boundaries, now if we look back the results of our greed is appalling for us. The below sections show the various examples of non renewable energy sector- Electricity Sector in India The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 250.256 was of end July 2014. Out of which considerable amount, approx. 69.12% (172.986 GW), is generated from non-renewable energy source. India became the world's third largest producer of electricity in the year 2013 with 4.8% global share in electricity generation surpassing Japan and Russia. On 31st May 2014, in India, there was installation...
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...ADVANTEGES OF SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy is a renewable resource that is environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy is available just about everywhere on earth. And this source of energy is free, immune to rising energy prices. Solar energy can be used in many ways - to provide heat, lighting, mechanical power and electricity. Think about the money you’ll save once you are off the energy grid. SOLAR COLECTERS Active solar systems use solar collectors and additional electricity to power pumps or fans to distribute the sun's energy. The heart of a solar collector is a black absorber which converts the sun's energy into heat. The heat is then transferred to another location for immediate heating or for storage for use later. The heat is transferred by circulating water, antifreeze or sometimes air. Applications for active solar energy include heating swimming pools, domestic hot water use, ventilation and industrial process air and water for commercial facilities such as laundries, car washes and fitness centers. SOLAR ENERGY [pic] BY: CARSON COLE DOMESTIC HOT WATER Another common way to use the sun's heat is with the use of a solar domestic hot water system. Depending on how the system is used, a typical system will provide 50 to 75 per cent of a family's hot water needs. With water heating accounting for about 20 per cent of home energy use, a solar DHW system is an attractive method of reducing a home's fossil...
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...Case Study of Solar Cells Solar cells or photovoltaic cells are a renewable source of electricity, harnessed from sunlight and thermal energy derived from the sun. It doesn’t emit any greenhouse gases (sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide) when producing electricity. During a sunny and clear day, sun rays can provide over a 1000 watts of energy per square meter of the planet’s surface. Photovoltaic cells are made of semi conductive material such as silicon. As the light ray hits the solar cell, a fraction of the light is absorbed within the semi conductive material. The energy from the light knocks electrons loose causing them to collide, becoming delocalised. Solar cells can be used as a partial or entire source for energy, it allows the consumer to reduce energy costs and save money, the only issue being that due to installation costs, the payback time for solar power could be several years. Photovoltaic cells use a single junction to create an electric field within the semi conductive silicone. Within a single junction Photovoltaic cell, only the photons which an equal amount of energy or greater than the band gap (energy range in solid material where no exist) of the material can delocalise an electron to for an electric circuit. To convert more energy from the photons, more solar cells are used to create plural band gaps and junctions. Devices with multiple junctions (tandem cells) have a higher conversion efficiency, wasting less energy in the process, due to a converting...
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...AECT 350 Passivhaus on a Budget http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/homes/passivhaus-budget The article is about Jason and Stephanie Specht’s first time having a house built for them. They wanted a builder who would satisfy them with the quality of the construction, and wound not charge too much to do so. The Specht’s chose the company Structures Design/Build to be their builders for their house. While meeting with their consultant for the first time, the consultant, Adam Cohen, asked the couple if they had any interest in Passiyhaus. The Specht’s did not know what Passiyhaus was and assumed that energy efficiency was too expensive for them. Cohen believed that if they were to create an optimized Passiyhaus design, that they could achieve the cost parity with a traditional construction. He argued that by constructing a Passiyhaus, it would not be any more expensive than constructing a house that would meet the existing energy codes. The articile states that “it is the idea that a builder can leverage their knowledge and experience to produce a Passiyhaus at a price equal to standard construction, if the energy costs are included in the calculation.” It also states that the additional costs of the Passiyhaus construction ends up paying for itself through the savings in the monthly utility bill. The Spechts’ agreed on the idea of designing a Passiyhaus. As the building process began, The Specht’s continued with their research on the Passiyhaus design. They found that the Passiyhaus...
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...PRODUCTION OF FLOUR FROM YAM TUBER By FAKOKUNDE OLADOTUN SEGUN (051100) A project report In the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINNEERING Submitted to Faculty of Engineering and Technology In partial fulfillment of the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE. SEPTEMBER, 2010. DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Almighty God the giver of wisdom, knowledge and Understanding, who has favoured me in all things ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS My appreciation goes to my project supervisor Dr. A.B Fashina for Initiating the Project and supervising it; and for his Fatherly love. Also to my late parents Mr. & Mrs. Olukunle Fakokunde (J.P.) for the values that they have in Education which gave them the desire to see me through school even to the point of their death. Appreciation also goes to some lecturers and staffs of the department. Dr. S.O. Jekayinfa, Mr. Idowu, Mr. Adegboyega, Mr. Abegunrin, Dr. Taiwo for their words of encouragements and for their great desire to make impact. CERTIFICATION I certify that this project work was carried out by FAKOKUNDE OLADOTUN SEGUN Matric no: 051100 in the department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. ________________________ ___________________ Dr. A.B...
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...ASTOUNDING SOLAR ENERGY FACTS What is solar energy? People often think of solar energy as solar panels mounted on roofs in sunny neighborhoods. This is only part of solar energy (“Solar energy facts,”2012). Solar energy is the oldest energy source. Plants, animal and the microbial life have been using it as a principle energy source since the times of creation. It is in the form of heat and light. In the past years, people have tapped solar energy enabling it to be used at all times; including the nights, in all weather conditions, can be stored as well as be transferred. Solar energy can be defined as the technology used to exploit the sun’s power and make it usable. Solar energy facts * Solar energy makes life a reality. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight and provide food and oxygen which animals consume to live. Human bodies absorb solar energy this helps to regulate body temperature. Sunlight also provides vitamin D, which is necessary to human health. * Solar energy is an extremely clean energy source. It is environmentally healthier than traditionally fossil related forms of energy since it does not emit any known pollutants to the environment. * The earth absorbs approximately 3.85 million exajoules of energy from the sun. This is big compared to the earth’s use of about 56.7 exajoules. The sun is the sole source of solar energy, believed to last for more than 5 billion years. This means solar energy is the most renewable and viable source...
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...Robert Bosch acquires majority of shares 1992 Installation in Aveiro of R&D department 1996 Bosch worldwide responsibility Name change to BOSCH TERMOTECNOLOGIA for water heaters PORTUGAL SA Name change to BBT TERMOTECNOLOGIA PORTUGAL SA 2007 1977 1988 Brand Vulcano was created 1993 European leader in water heaters 2002 Start production of boilers 2007 2008 Start production of solar panels Termotecnologia 2 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Key Indicators Sales (Mio. €) Exportations (% sales) Water Heaters Boilers Production (Tsd units) Water Heaters Boilers Nº Workers 2004 194 2005 207 2006 230 2007 235 76 91 77 90 80 92 81 92 974 133 1.008 1.021 124 1.001 1.049 132 1.078 1.203 166 1.133 Nº1 Water Heater Manufacturing Company in Europe Termotecnologia 3 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Centre of Competence for “Water heating” Product Management and Marketing Product Development Manufacturing Sales and Logistics Product...
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...1. Solar Energy/ Solar Architecture (What is it? Is it a problem? How does it aid or cause problems both for our environment and our personal health? Research uses, types, etc. What are the issues, discuss the pros and cons of the issues and suggest environmentally safe choices. Solar energy can be used for day lighting, cooking, heating water or other fluids, distillation, disinfection, making saline water potable and high temperature process heating. Solar energy in building is used by orientating the house relative to the sun, making it more compact, including patterns of selective shading and choosing building materials with certain thermal mass (heat capacity of a material). Every house should also be tailored to a certain climate it’s going to be located in. In agriculture solar energy is used to increase the productivity of plants. There are such methods of ensuring growth as timed planting cycles, row orientation for the plants to get as much sun as possible etc. The commonly known greenhouse in fact also uses sun energy that is converted into heat to provide for the year-round growth of certain plants. Passive Solar Energy doesn't use mechanical means to collect, store, or distribute the solar energy. For example, a thermosyphon (solar water heater) will use natural convection to circulate the water through the system. Active Solar Energy uses mechanical devices to collect, store, and/or distribute the solar energy. For example, active solar water...
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...O. Smith Water Products Company A.O. Smith Water Products Company have established themselves as one of the world’s leading manufacturers of residential and commercial water heating equipment and technology. Because of their engineering excellence (hybrid water heaters, boilers, etc.) and customer service, A.O. Smith has been able expand their business operations into more than 60 foreign territories by 1) Increasing the development of their water heating equipment by way of innovative technology. 2) Acquiring different domestic and global partnerships and acquisitions. To establish and sustain the success they have already achieved, the business leaders at A.O. Smith implemented a vision that would allow their organization “to be the global leader in applying innovative technology and energy-efficient solutions that provide comfort and convenience to life” (A.O. Smith, 2008, para 1). A.O. Smith vision have allowed their organization to net annual sales of $1.49 Billion (2010) and $1.71 Billion (2011) with earnings of $57.3 million and $111.2 million in 2010 and 2011 in succession (A.O. Smith, 2011). A.O. Smith creates value and sustains their competitive advantage in their market environment by focusing on the following strategic initiatives: Develop and introduce a consistent stream of new and innovative residential and commercial boilers (steam, tank less, etc.), motors (electrical, conventional), and hybrid heaters (solar heaters, water heaters, gas heaters). Acquire...
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...SOLAR ENERGY INTRODUCTION Without the sun, living life on earth is indeed impossible. Sun as we known is a ball of fire that gives us light and heat. The energy that we receive from the sun is called as the solar energy. With the help of this energy serious problems regarding energy that is needed everyday can be solved. Solar energy means capturing the rays of the sun and storing and its heat. This heat can be converted with the help of solar panels into heat or electrical energy. When we talk about solar energy, there are two kinds of solar energy namely, thermal energy and electrical energy. Thermal energy is something which we can find everywhere and is totally free of cost. It helps us ding our daily chores like dries things such vegetables, clothes, heats water, and many other things. Water can basically be heated in two ways i.e. actively and passively. In active method, when a heating element inside the solar hot water system heats the water during hot season. In the passive method the water is pre heated and flows through a cold inlet that of a conventional electric geezer. Talking about electric energy, the power of the sun is used to produce electricity with the help of solar cells. It can be used through a solar home system that helps in conducting electricity where there is no power supply. Apart from that it can be used a system where the electricity supplying utility is connected to the property and lastly it can be used as a backup system where...
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...overall consumption of energy. The first energy resource would be Nuclear Energy. I use electric every day, we all do. We turn on lights, use heat or air conditioning. We also watch television listen to music or charging our cell phones and computers. We have to have electric to do that. This source of energy is renewable. The Origin of Nuclear Energy comes from power plants all over the U.S. "Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6 percent of the world's energy and 13–14 percent of the world's electricity". (Nuclear) The second resource would be Solar Energy. Some batteries, like watch batteries are solar powered, so are calculators that we need for our jobs and schoolwork. Our food source is also an example of solar energy since...
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