...the calculated 10,918,000 toe total consumption (Sofia Energy Center data report). Due to the lack of reliable nationwide assessments and data, it is estimated that in practice this number is much larger. The majority of the biomass energy consumption exists mainly in the rural areas, where fuelwood, followed by the residential consumption of wood briquettes produced from forestry wastes and sawmill byproducts amount to approximately 2 million m3 per year. In addition, wastes generated from agricultural and farming activities are produced in large quantities and exploitation of these wastes can prove to be significant source for energy generation. As the land of Bulgaria is rich and fertile, farming activities occur throughout the various regions, although the majority of the farms are relatively small, independently owned entities. Currently, many organizations from the private and not-for-profit sectors such as Thermoconsult, EE Systems, Energoproekt and the Bulgarian Biomass Association have been actively performing research as to the feasibility and full potential of utilization of such wastes....
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...What’s So Bad About Plastic Bags? Plastic bags are not biodegradable. They clog waterways, spoil the landscape, and end up in landfills where they may take 1,000 years or more to break down into ever smaller particles that continue to pollute the soil and water. Plastic bags also pose a serious danger to birds and marine mammals that often mistake them for food. Thousands die each year after swallowing or choking on discarded plastic bags. Finally, producing plastic bags requires millions of gallons of petroleum that could be used for transportation or heating. Consider a Personal Ban on Plastic Bags Some businesses have stopped offering their customers plastic bags, and many communities are either considering a ban on plastic bags or have already implemented one. Meanwhile, here are a couple of things you can do to help: Switch to reusable shopping bags. Reusable shopping bags made from renewable materials conserve resources by replacing paper and plastic bags. Reusable bags are convenient and come in a variety of sizes, styles and materials. When not in use, some reusable bags can be rolled or folded small enough to fit easily into a pocket. Recycle your plastic bags. If you do end up using plastic bags now and then, be sure to recycle them. Many grocery stores now collect plastic bags for recycling. If yours doesn't, check with your community recycling program to learn how to recycle plastic bags in your area. ---________________________________________...
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...Introduction Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Daily life in industrialized nations can generate several pounds of solid waste per consumer, not only directly in the home, but indirectly in factories that manufacture goods purchased by consumers. Solid waste management is a system for handling all of this garbage; municipal waste collection is solid waste management, as are recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators. To the great benefit of archeology, early solid waste management consisted of digging pits and throwing garbage into them. This created a record of the kinds of lives that people lived, showing things like what people ate, the materials used to make eating utensils, and other interesting glimpses into historic daily life. When human cities began to be more concentrated, however, solid waste management became a serious issue. Houses that did not have room to bury their garbage would throw it into the streets, making a stroll to the corner store an unpleasant prospect. In response, many cities started to set up municipal garbage collection, in the form of rag and bone men who would buy useful garbage from people and recycle it, or waste collection teams which would dispose of unusable garbage. Waste Management Waste management is the collection, transport...
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...shall be known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”. Section 2. Declaration of Policies. -- It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall: (a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment; (b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery; (c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composing, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentallysound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles; 2 (d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding incineration; (e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery. (f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management; (g) Retain primary...
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...DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TRAINING MANUAL Volume 4: ISWM Plan U N I T E D N AT I O N S E N V I R O N M E N T P R O G R A M M E Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2009 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Training Manual Volume 4 ISWM Plan Compiled by United Nations Environmental Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental...
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...shall regulate the waste management,plans of program for waste management,rights and obligations of the legal entities for waste collection and individuals related to waste managements,the manner of the conditions for waste collection,transportation,treatment,processing,storage and disposal, waste import,export and transit,mentoring,information system and financing Article 2 Application of the Law The provisions of this law shall apply to all kinds of waste listed in the List of wastes,except to: 1.Radioactive waste 2.Waste generated during research,exploitation,processing and storage of mineral raw materials and the work of quarries 3.Gaseous effluent emitted into the atmosphere 4.Waste water,except liquid waste 5.Animal waste(carcases,manure,excrement etc.),as well as other types of non hazardous materials of natural origin used in agriculture and; 6.Decommissioned explosives and dispersing devices and materials. Article 3 Objectives of the Law The objectives of this Law shall be to provided: 1.Avoidance and reduction to the maximum possible extent of the amount of waste generation 2.Re-use of usable components of the waste 3.Sustainable development through protection and saving natural resources. 4.Prevention of negative impacts of waste on the environment,human lfe and health. 5.Environmentally acceptable waste disposal and; 6.High level protection of the environment,human life and health Article 4 Activity of Public Interest Waste management shall...
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...ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA–ISSUES AND STRATEGIES KURIAN JOSEPH Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India Phone: 91-44-22301283; Fax: 91-44-22354717 SUMMARY: The current practices of e-waste management in India suffer from a number of drawbacks like the difficulty in inventorisation, unhealthy conditions of informal recycling, inadequate legislation, poor awareness and reluctance on part of the corporate to address the critical issues. The consequences are that (i) toxic materials enter the waste stream with no special precautions to avoid the known adverse effects on the environment and human health and (ii) resources are wasted when economically valuable materials are dumped or unhealthy conditions are developed during the informal recycling. The paper highlights the associated issues and strategies to address this emerging problem, in the light of initiatives in India. The paper presents a waste management system with shared responsibility for the collection and recycling of electronic wastes amongst the manufacturers / assemblers, importers, recyclers, regulatory bodies and the consumers. 1.INTRODUCTION The electronic industry is the world’s largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry (Radha, 2002; DIT, 2003). During the last decade, it has assumed the role of providing a forceful leverage to the socio - economic and technological growth of a developing society. The consequence of its consumer oriented growth combined with rapid...
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...Waste Management, Inc. Strategic Case Analysis Submitted for Approval to: Dr. Jifu Wang LEADING EDGE CONSULTING Houston, TX The Leaders in Waste Management Group 1 Consultants Jason Cummings Correen Harrell Deanna Lewis Jim Upchurch David Woods Page 3 of 163 Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 2.1. 2.2. Executive Summary..........................................................................8 Background Information on Waste Management ..........................9 Brief History of Company............................................................................... 9 Historical Timeline of Important Events...................................................... 11 3.0 External Analysis ............................................................................13 3.1. General Environmental Analysis ................................................................. 13 3.1.1. Political/Legal Factors.............................................................................. 13 3.1.2. Economic Factors .................................................................................... 16 3.1.3. Sociocultural Factors ............................................................................... 20 3.1.4. Demographic Factors............................................................................... 21 3.1.5. Technological Factors.............................................................................. 25 3.1.6. Global Factors ...............................................
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...1 Introduction 2 2 EU funding development plans and the results between 2007-13 2 2.1 Operational Programme 'Development of Living Environment' 3 2.1.1 The purpose and aim of the EU investment 3 2.1.2 The expected impact of the investment 3 2.1.3 Priority axis 3 2.1.4 Managing Authority 4 2.1.5 Finances 4 2.2 Operational Programme 'Development of Economic Environment' 5 2.2.1 The purpose and aim of the EU investment 5 2.2.2 The expected impact of the investment 5 2.2.3 Priorities 6 2.2.4 Managing Authority 7 2.2.5 Finance 7 2.3 Operational Programme for Human Resource Development 7 2.3.1 Lifelong learning. 7 2.3.2 Developing human resources for R&D. 7 2.3.3 Good-quality and long working life. 8 2.3.4 Knowledge and skills for innovative entrepreneurship. 8 2.3.5 Enhancing administrative capacity. 8 2.3.6 Technical assistance 8 3 Success stories 8 3.1 Example 1: Start-up Programme 8 3.1.1 Start-up 9 3.1.2 Evolution 9 3.1.3 Most relevant 3 projects 9 3.1.4 Results 9 3.2 Example 2: BioFix 10 3.2.1 Context 10 3.2.2 BioFix Project 10 3.2.3 First steps 10 3.2.4 Partners 10 3.2.5 Results 11 Introduction After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops...
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...Policy Vision 17 2.2 The Policy Goal 17 2.3 The Key Policy Principles 17 2.4 The Policy Objectives 18 2.5 The Policy Strategies 19 2.5.1 Legal and Institutional Framework 19 2.5.2 Data Acquisition, Information Dissemination (Awareness) and Capacity Building, Monitoring and Evaluation 20 2.5.3 Financing and Fiscal Policy 20 2.5.4 Poverty Eradication, Equitable Distribution, Social Services and Gender 21 2.5.5 Research and Development, International Co-operation, Technology Transfer and Adoption of Standards in Biomass Energy Technologies 22 2.5.6 Biomass Resource Base Management 23 2.5.7 Biofuels Promotion and Production 24 2.5.8 Wastes to Energy 25 3.0 Policy Actions 26 3.1 Modern Energy Service program 26 3.2 Biofuels Program 29 3.3 Wastes to Energy Program 30 3.4 Energy Efficiency...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized ... ........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.- ..........~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ .... ~ ~ . :~ .......... ..... :. s~: ... - Public Disclosure Authorized a ........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~. ................. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .... - ........ ........... _ - Public Disclosure Authorized .... .... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... -,// ... ..... ...... 1 I ... . .... .. ..... I 9~~~~~~~... . . .. .. .. . .. A ~~ ~~~~...... Public Disclosure Authorized ..... The WorldBankis committed knowledgesharingwhichinvolvesnot only the Bank's to communities practiceand their partners,but the entire development of community. processof A knowledge management essentialto makesense out of and act upon the vast quantitiesof is information available today.Still in the earlystagesof implementation, knowledge management is expectedto changethe internaloperationof the WorldBankand transformthe organization's relationships with externalclients,partnersand stakeholders, becominga key way of doing businessin the 21stCentury. Giventhe speedof globalchangeand the value of learningfromongoingactivities, Urban the Development Divisionand GlobalUrbanPartnership the WorldBankare committed of to communicating resultsof the Bank'surbanworkto the development the communityas quickly and clearlyas possible. Towardthat end, this informalor...
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...The City of Seattle, Washington Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013 Co ompre ehens sive Annual l Finan ncial R Repor rt For the F iscal Yea F ar Ended Decem mber 31, 2013 The City Seatt y of S tle De epartment t of Financ ce and Adm ministrativ ve Services s Introduction Table of Contents Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... V Organizational Chart – City ..................................................................................................................................... XI Elected Officials ...................................................................................................................................................... XII Letter of Transmittal .............................................................................................................................................. XIII Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting ...................................................................... XIX Organizational Chart – Department of Finance and Administrative Services ........................................................ XX FINANCIAL SECTION INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT State of Washington...
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...| Green Bank Report: Finding the best green banking deals and rates * Home * Eco-Friendly Banking * iPhone * Green Bank Deals * Credit Cards * Savings Rates * Checking Accounts * CD Rates What is the Meaning of Green Banking? Posted by Clark Schultz on Friday, September 10, 2010 · Leave a Comment Defining green banking is relatively easy. It means promoting environmental-friendly practices and reducing your carbon footprint from your banking activities. This comes in many forms. Using online banking instead of branch banking. Paying bills online instead of mailing them. Opening up CDs and money market accounts at online banks, instead of large multi-branch banks. Or finding the local bank in your area that is taking the biggest steps to support local green initiatives. Any combination of the above personal banking practices can help the environment. So this leads to the question, which banks are green. In general, online banks and smaller community banks have better track record than larger banks. For instance, take a look at the banks that British Petroleum has been reported to seek lines of credit from this past summer after the oil spill. Goldman Sachs (GS) Citigroup (C) JP Morgan (JPM) Bank of America (BAC) These banks have at least one thing in common. That is, they are all large billion-dollar asset banks. They are also in the group of banks that received TARP money in the government bank bailout program. In would seem common...
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...This page intentionally left blank Office of Solid Waste And Emergency Response (5102G) EPA 542-R-04-015 September 2004 www.epa.gov/tio clu-in.org/marketstudy Cleaning Up the Nation’s Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends 2004 Edition This page intentionally left blank Notice Preparation of this report has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract number 68-W-03-038. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. This document is intended for information purposes and does not create new nor alter existing Agency policy or guidance. The document does not impose any requirements or obligations on EPA, states, other federal agencies, or the regulated community. A limited number of printed copies of Cleaning Up the Nation’s Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends, 2004 Edition is available free of charge by mail or by facsimile from: U.S. EPA/National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) P.O. Box 42419 Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419 Telephone: 513-489-8190 or 800-490-9198 Fax: 513-489-8695 A portable document format (PDF) version of this report is available for viewing or downloading from the Hazardous Waste Cleanup Information (CLU-IN) web site at http://clu-in.org/marketstudy. Printed copies can also be ordered through that web address, subject to availability. For More Information For more information about remediation...
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...World Cities The global pattern of urbanisation: millionaire cities, mega cities and world cities • At a global scale, rapid urbanisation has occurred over the last 50 years. • Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities. 19% of the world’s population lives in cities of more than 1 million people. • The most urbanised continents are Europe, North and South America and Oceania and the least urbanised continents are Asia and Africa. • The number of urban dwellers is by far largest in Asia, with 1.4 billion people living in towns and cities (40% of the population). • Urbanisation is increasing most rapidly in Africa and Asia. • This trend is expected to continue so that by 2025 almost half the population of these continents will live in urban areas and 80% of urban dwellers will live in developing countries. • Increased global urbanisation has resulted in the development of many millionaire cities. • There is also a significant number of enormous megacities, some of which are classed as world cities. ❖ Millionaire cities are those with more than 1 million people. India and China have the most millionaire cities in the world. ❖ Megacities are those with more than 10 million people, of which there are 20 (15 in the developing world) ❖ World cities are those which have great influence on a global scale, because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power....
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