...“I am one or two days away from death; they will shoot me dead, thus if you give birth to a son please name him after me.” ----An Eritrean victim of human trafficking from The Sinai Desert INTRODUCTION This paper examines the issue of human trafficking as it relates to human security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or destination...
Words: 7776 - Pages: 32
...THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY TOWARDS TRANSITIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN WARDHIGLEY DISTRICT BY ABHIRI ABDULLAHI MOALIN 111-023031-06073 THIS RESEARCH IS SUBMITED TO THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIEREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELORS DEGREE IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN UGANDA MAY 2014 DECLARATION I, Abshir Abdullahi Moalin, hereby declare to be the sole author of the work presented in this research. It is my own work and has never been presented for the same award by any student in this course or any other. Name : ABSHIR ABDULLAHI MOALIN Reg No: 111-023031-06073 Sign: ………………………… Date: ……………………….. APPROVAL SHEET This research was written by Abshir Abdullahi Moalin of REG NO: 111-023031-06073, under my supervision and it is now ready for submission as partial fulfillment of the award of a Bachelor’s degree in Development Studies of the Islamic university in Uganda. Name: MR. MALIYAMUNGU HABIB Sign: ……………………..…… Date: ……………………….. University supervisor DEDICATION All honor and praise be to Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful, who has enabled me to successfully complete this dissertation successfully. I dedicate this research to my parents, brothers and sisters for the love, care and support they rendered to me. May the Almighty Allah bless them and reward...
Words: 10870 - Pages: 44
...|HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION | |INTRODUCTION | Humanitarian intervention poses a hard test for any international society built on principles of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the non-use of force. Immediately after the Holocaust, the society of states established laws prohibiting genocide, forbidding the mistreatment of civilians, and recognizing basic human rights. These humanitarian principles often conflict with principles of sovereignty and non-intervention. Sovereign states are expected to act as guardians of their citizens’ security, but what happens if states behave as criminals towards their own people, treating sovereignty as a licence to kill? Should tyrannical states be recognized as legitimate members of international society and accorded the protection afforded by the non-intervention principle? Or, should states forfeit their sovereign rights and be exposed to legitimate intervention if they actively abuse or fail to protect their citizens? Related to this, what responsibilities do other states or institutions have to enforce human rights norms against governments that massively violate them? Armed humanitarian intervention was not a legitimate practice during the cold war because states placed more...
Words: 5806 - Pages: 24
...principles and goals clearly and concisely, and it is through this framework that it has conducted itself in every UN peacekeeping mission. The Charter is the working document of the UN as it follows its guidelines in a diligent and stringent manner. However, this stance has led to it being exploited by more cunning leaders, or even finding itself in the complex situation of being tempted to disobey the Charter, due to its limiting and constraining nature. In this essay, I will focus primarily on a combination of all the approaches used in writing essays .As such I will describe the three peacekeeping missions I have chosen mainly the UNOSOM, UNAVEM and UNOC and explain their history up until their demise, while also providing a critical analysis of the minute details that caused them to not fully achieve their set goals and thus result in abject failure. I will also theoretically look at the events and situations surrounding each mission as well as...
Words: 16435 - Pages: 66
...<p style="position: absolute; top: -999em;"><img src="//sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=news.world.europe.story.32428500.page&cps_asset_id=32428500&page_type=Story&section=%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope&first_pub=2015-04-23T08%3A23%3A41%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2015-05-18T17%3A17%3A27%2B00%3A00&title=Mediterranean+migrants+crisis%3A+Is+military+force+the+solution%3F&for_nation=in&app_version=1.77.0&pal_route=asset&ml_name=barlesque&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&ml_version=0.26.31&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news&blq_js_enabled=0&blq_s=4d&blq_r=2.7&blq_v=default&blq_e=pal " height="1" width="1" alt=""/></p> Accessibility links * Skip to content * Accessibility Help Sign in BBC navigation * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder * Bitesize * Music * Nature * Local * More ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search the BBC Bottom of Form More * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder ...
Words: 1721 - Pages: 7
...W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children w U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere...
Words: 101041 - Pages: 405
...cooperation they accorded me during the long hours I spent at their libraries. This work would have made no sense with the input of The Daily Nation Newspaper’s news editor Eric Shimoli and Senior reporter John Ngirach as well as the Standard’s Foreign Editor Andrew Kipkemboi and Senior reporter Cyrus Ombati. Through candid interviews these respected journalists gave me invaluable information. Finally I would like to express special thanks to all the other people, whose names are not listed here, for their help and willingness to explain their opinion, and to share their stories. ABSTRACT The study is a content analysis of The Daily Nation and The Standard newspapers in Kenya; the two leading dailies with widest range of coverage. It examines how the print media covered the Kenyan military incursion into Somalia in 2011. Content analysis was supplemented by in-depth interviews from the editors of both newspapers under study and journalists who covered the incursion. The results show that the Daily Nation had the highest number of...
Words: 15488 - Pages: 62
...THE RIGHTS OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS IN KENYA: LESSONS FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. GODWIN KIPKIRUI LANGAT LAW/M/0985/09/12 ABSTRACT Many perspectives have been offered in the academic literature to explain the phenomenon of illegal immigration across the world. Unfortunately, most studies fail to adequately account for the rights of immigrants and how they are being violated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study The purpose of this research is to show all the rights of illegal immigrants and the extent to which they are violated and/or respected in Kenya’s legal system by use of vital lessons from the American legal system. Respecting their rights is important because it shows that we are respecting the rule of law. It is important to note that all people are equal and therefore they should be treated equally without discrimination. People should also be allowed the freedom of movement and also that it should be ensured that the same freedom of movement should be regulated so that it ensures that one single country or state do not suffer the outcomes of immigration. Migration is a fact of life whereby people move to new countries to improve themselves economically and maybe to pursue their educations. Others leave to escape armed conflicts or other violations of human rights. Several statutory laws in Kenya provide means by which certain aliens/illegal immigrants can become naturalized citizens. Immigration law determines who...
Words: 10404 - Pages: 42
...1 The CASE Journal Volume 4, Issue 2 (Spring 2008) Table of Contents Click on the article or case title to go to that page Editorial Policy Letter from the Editor Case Abstracts Cases “Sally’s Dilemma: Making Tough Choices in Collaborative Visioning” Karl A. Hickerson, David J. O’Connell & Arun K. Pillutla, St. Ambrose University “The Death of a Salesman Revisited: Part A” Herbert Sherman, Long Island University & Daniel James Rowley, University of Northern Colorado “The Death of a Salesman Revisited: Part B” Herbert Sherman, Long Island University & Daniel James Rowley, University of Northern Colorado “Customer Service at the Jewish Community Center” Edward Demarais, Salem State College, Sandra Sheckman, & Gina Vega, Salem State “The Frozen Production Line” Anton Massman, U.S. Air Force, Elaine Davis & Janell M. Kurtz, St. Cloud State University “Dow Chemical and Agent Orange in Vietnam” Cedric Dawkins, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona Membership Form Page 2 The CASE Journal Volume 4, Issue 2 (Spring 2008) EDITORIAL POLICY The audience for this journal includes both practitioners and academics and thus encourages submissions from a broad range of individuals. The CASE Journal invites submissions of cases designed for classroom use. Cases from all business disciplines will be considered. Cases must be factual, and releases must be available where necessary. All cases must be accompanied by an instructor’s manual ...
Words: 31523 - Pages: 127
...Promoting Cultural Sensitivity A Practical Guide for Tuberculosis Programs That Provide Services to Hmong Persons from Laos U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hla dej yuav hle khau; Tsiv teb tsaws chaw yuav hle hau. “When you cross a river, take off your sandals; when you emigrate from one country to another, take off your hat.” –Hmong Proverb Promoting Cultural Sensitivity A Practical Guide for Tuberculosis Programs That Provide Services to Hmong Persons from Laos Female elder. © Frank Carter. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008 For Additional Information For more information or for a list of available guides, please contact: Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mailstop E-10 Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone: (404) 639-8120 Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/tb Suggested Citation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Promoting Cultural Sensitivity: A Practical Guide for Tuberculosis Programs That Provide Services to Hmong Persons from Laos. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2 Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Words: 19162 - Pages: 77
...disparate cultures and divergent views—not with cool, dispassionate fairness but rather with a warm, involved interest that sees and embraces both sides of each issue…Superb, informal cultural anthropology—eye-opening, readable, utterly engaging.” —Carole Horn, The Washington Post Book World “This is a book that should be deeply disturbing to anyone who has given so much as a moment’s thought to the state of American medicine. But it is much more…People are presented as [Fadiman] saw them, in their humility and their frailty—and their nobility.” —Sherwin B. Nuland, The New Republic 3/462 “Anne Fadiman’s phenomenal first book, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, brings to life the enduring power of parental love in an impoverished refugee family struggling to protect their seriously ill infant daughter and ancient spiritual traditions from the tyranny of welfare bureaucrats and intolerant medical technocrats.” —Al Santoli, The Washington Times “A unique anthropological study of American society.” —Louise Steinman, Los Angeles Times “Some writers…have done exceedingly well at taking in one or another human scene, then conveying it to others—James Agee, for instance…and George Orwell…It is in such company that Anne Fadiman’s writing belongs.” —Robert Coles, Commonweal...
Words: 134140 - Pages: 537
...by policymakers, planners and practitioners. These include a set of indicators of openness to check the readiness of a city to take advantage of diversity, and the intercultural lens through which professionals can examine the familiar in a new light. The study evaluated six aspects of local activity: public consultation and engagement urban planning and development business and entrepreneurship schools the arts and creative industries sport. The project went further by helping participating cities to develop specific economic, social, cultural and planning policies and so to become role models for others. The study draws on local case studies and in-depth interviews with 33 intercultural innovators in seven UK cities, with comparative analysis also conducted in Europe, North America and Australasia. It is aimed at policymakers and practitioners in local and regional government, neighbourhood renewal and community cohesion. This publication can be provided in alternative formats, such as large print, Braille, audiotape and on disk. Please contact: Communications Department, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, The Homestead, 40 Water End, York YO30 6WP. Tel: 01904 615905. Email: info@jrf.org.uk...
Words: 31833 - Pages: 128
...…………………………………………………………….. iv List of Acronyms …………………………………………………………….. v List of Tables and figures …………………………………………………….. vii Abstract in English …………………………………………………………… viii Abstract in German …………………………………………………………... ix Chapter One: Introduction ………………………………………………… 1 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………… 1 1.2. Problem statement …………………………………………………….. 2 1.3. Aim and objectives of the research …………………………………… 4 1.4. Research questions and hypotheses …………………………………... 7 Chapter Two: Literature review and theoretical framework ……………. 8 2.1. Literature review ……………………………………………………… 8 2.2. Transition to democracy and ethnic conflicts in Africa ………………. 12 2.3. Definition of concepts ………………………………………………… 16 2.4. Theoretical framework for analysis of ethnic conflicts ……………….. 18 2.4. Research methodology ………………………………………………... 21 2.5. Significance of the research …………………………………………... 23 Chapter Three: Background to the struggle for democracy and ethnic conflicts in Kenya……………………………………………………………. 24 3.1. A short retrospect in to Kenya’s colonial period ……………………... 24 3.2. Independence movements and the majimbo debate …………………... 25 3.3. The Kenyatta era (1963 -1978)………………………………………... 28 3.4. Moi era and Kenya as a de jure one party state (1978-1991) ………… 34 3.5. Domestic struggle and call for democracy ……………………………. 38 3.6. Global shifts and the inevitable transition …………………………….. 39 3.7. Shifting ethnic alliances and the...
Words: 37621 - Pages: 151
...Sudan and South Sudan’s Merging Conflicts Africa Report N°223 | 29 January 2015 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 brussels@crisisgroup.org Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. II. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... South Kordofan – the Epicentre of Sudan’s Conflicts ..................................................... A. The Government’s “Hot Dry Season” Campaign ....................................................... B. The Sudan Revolutionary Front ................................................................................ III. Internal Nuer Conflict in Unity State ............................................................................... A. Historic Disunity ........................................................................................................ B. Bul Nuer Rising .......................................................................................................... 1 2 2 4 7 7 8 IV. Merging Conflicts in Sudan and South Sudan ......................................................
Words: 20903 - Pages: 84
...Beginning a Life in Australia Welcome to Australia English DIAC12/01138.11 The Beginning a Life in Australia booklet is produced by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) and is published online at www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/beginning-life It is recommended that you view the booklet on a computer as it contains links to many websites that provide additional information. The booklet is reviewed and released annually and is available in PDF format. If you would like to provide comments or suggestions about the Beginning a Life in Australia booklet you can complete the online feedback form on the department’s website at www.immi.gov.au/contacts/forms/services/services-form.htm Note: If you wish to speak to a government department or non-government organisation and you need the assistance of an interpreter, ring the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 13 1450 during business hours, which are generally 9.00 am to 5.00 pm. Ask TIS National to set up a three-way conversation between you, one of their interpreters and the organisation you wish to speak with. See Chapter 2, Help with English for more information about TIS National. Telephone numbers: Telephone numbers beginning with 1800 are free calls if you ring from a private telephone and cost the same as a local call if you ring from a payphone. Numbers beginning with 13 or 1300 are charged at local call rates. Some 1300 and 1800 numbers can be used only from...
Words: 30477 - Pages: 122
