...A standard technical definition of dumping is the act of charging a lower price for the like goods in a foreign market than one charges for the same good in a domestic market for consumption in the home market of the exporter. This is often referred to as selling at less than "normal value" on the same level of trade in the ordinary course of trade. Under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, dumping is condemned (but is not prohibited) if it causes or threatens to cause material injury to a domestic industry in the importing country.[1] The term has a negative connotation, as advocates of competitive markets see "dumping" as a form of protectionism. Furthermore, advocates for workers and laborers believe that safeguarding businesses against predatory practices, such as dumping, help alleviate some of the harsher consequences of such practices between economies at different stages of development (see protectionism). The Bolkestein directive, for example, was accused in Europe of being a form of "social dumping," as it favored competition between workers, as exemplified by the Polish Plumber stereotype. While there are few examples of a national scale dumping that succeeded in producing a national-level monopoly, there are several examples of local 'dumping' that produced a monopoly in regional markets for certain industries. Ron Chernow points to the example of regional oil monopolies in Titan : The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. where Rockefeller receives a message...
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...Transformation in Skid Row Skid row in Los Angeles, California, is home to the highest concentrations of homeless people in the United States. Located in LA’s industrial zone, the area has welcomed and ‘housed’ homeless individuals for centuries. The history of how this site has come to be started back in the 1870’s and has been evolving ever since. Skid row is a vital part of LA’s history and culture and will continue to evolve with the city. An important part of any landscape is function. Function is the purpose of any landscape and exists for a reason. Mitchell stated in his new axioms for reading the landscape that, “landscapes exist for a reason (Mitchell 2007, 35).” This axiom presents the idea that everything in the landscape had a purpose at one point in time. Landscapes transform and change over time in order to meet the purposes of the residents of the landscape. An example of this is skid row in LA. Although this area of LA might seem like a dump, at one point in time it had a function and its function and purpose has evolved with time. Skid row is located in the industrial zone of LA with close proximity to the central business district. This location is unusual for a center for homeless people for many reasons, but looking back at history has an explanation. When workers first arrived in LA they arrived by railroad (Skid Row Journal). A hub for seasonal and migrant workers formed near the railroad line creating skid row. In lecture a chart was brought...
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...CB : PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRINSIP-PRINSIP ETIKA PROFESI KELOMPOK 1 ANGGOTA : 1. DIANIE DAYANTIE (1701357185)/K 2. CLARA CYNTIA Y. (1701358895) 3. FERRY APRIANSYAH (1701314154) 4. MARIA SABATINI L.S (1701330800) 5. M. SJAUKI PUTRA N. (1701357014) KASUS : KEBOBROKAN FREEPORT – PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN & PELANGGARAN HAM PERUSAHAAN EMAS TERBESAR DI INDONESIA PT Freeport Indonesia, perusahaan yang pernah terdaftar sebagai salah satu perusahaan multinasional terburuk tahun 1996, adalah potret nyata sektor pertambangan Indonesia. Keuntungan ekonomi yang dibayangkan tidak seperti yang dijanjikan, sebaliknya kondisi lingkungan dan masyarakat di sekitar lokasi pertambangan terus memburuk dan menuai protes akibat berbagai pelanggaran hukum dan HAM, dampak lingkungan serta pemiskinan rakyat sekitar tambang. WALHI sempat berupaya membuat laporan untuk mendapatkan gambaran terkini mengenai dampak operasi dan kerusakan lingkungan di sekitar lokasi pertambangan PT Freeport Indonesia. Hingga saat ini sulit sekali bagi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi yang jelas dan menyeluruh mengenai dampak kegiatan pertambangan skala besar di Indonesia. Ketidak jelasan informasi tersebut akhirnya berbuah kepada konflik, yang sering berujung pada kekerasan, pelanggaran HAM dan korbannya kebanyakan adalah masyarakat sekitar tambang. Negara gagal memberikan perlindungan dan menjamin hak atas lingkungan yang baik bagi masyarakat, namun dilain pihak memberikan dukungan penuh kepada PT...
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