...Security Stability in Somalia Since their indirect elections on September 12, 2012, and despite the fragile regional security situation of the Horn of Africa, Somalia has continued to experience significant and sustained progress towards security stability in their country. In order for Somalia to succeed as viable and trusted state, the United States (US) as well as the International Community should not allow another security stability failure in Somalia. The US and the International Community must focus on helping to sustain Somalia’s efforts against the fight of the Al-Shabaab terrorist organization, help to counter piracy, and to help build capacity and capability in the Somali government and its institutions. While at the same time provide the support to attend Somali basic humanitarian aid needs and financial assistance. First, one of the reasons why the general security conditions in Somalia keep on improving is principally thanks to the sustained operations carried out against the Jihadist organization Al-Shabaab by the Somali national security forces in conjunction with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), and with other associates and allied militias of the government. These operations are currently successful in managing to achieve the retreat of the Islamist radicals from some of the main cities of the south and center of the country. The sustainment of these operations will deteriorate Al-Shabaab operations capacity as a military force, promote the desertion...
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...young adults who have been underexposed by circumstance. Giving back to the community through smart business can stimulate positive change regardless of economic, political, religious and social context. At Ikatu International, we believe in endless possibilities and the power of “Yes I Can”. Country Selection Matrix: A Tool to Prioritize Geographic Focus Revised Report August 2010 Ikatu International The original report was authored by Meghan Corroon and Elizabeth Stewart from Causemopolis in January, 2009. INTRODUCTION The Country Matrix analysis is a reference document that was used to support Ikatu International’s (Ikatu) decision-making process in selecting a pilot country for its first youth employment program in Sub-Saharan Africa. It draws on a diverse selection of academic, governmental, and nongovernmental publications and sources to create a Matrix Tool, which calculates a composite index that assesses and compares a variety of economic, social and...
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...population. Many forms of transnational security threats have emerged, and international peace has persistently been compromised by this trend. Solomon Islands, Somalia, Afghanistan and Sudan are good examples of failed countries that have contributed in several ways to transnational insecurity (Wyler, 2010). This essay explores the issue of transnational security threats from failed states. In detail, this paper illustrates the specific security challenges that failed states have posed on the traditional security concerns in the world. While the failure of states is attributed to struggles for political liberalism, the lack of sovereignty and autonomy are the major factors contributing to collapse in some states (Bar-Joseph. 2001). Fragile or failed states are defined as nations which face extreme levels of poverty and development challenges (AusAid, 2005). Other characteristics of failed states include frail political governance, improper institutional frameworks and persistent conflicts. Thus, such countries face many forms of instabilities in economic, social and political aspects. On the other hand, transnational crime perpetrators take the opportunity of these conditions to...
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...REVIEW ESSAY QUESTION Introduction As the well-known 2008 Global Financial Crisis swept through the world, Australian and Canadian financial institutions performed relatively well, with operating stability in financial industry, and no emerge of any banks that are on the verge of bankruptcy or need government rescue. In this paper, in order to retrospect the intrinsic reasons, I will firstly explore the common features of the banking systems in Australia and Canada. Then I will compare their banking systems in structure and regulation with United States. Finally, the different ways mortgage lending is conducted in these three countries will be emphasized. Common features The common features of the banking systems of Australia and Canada are embodied in the high concentrated banking system along with intensive supervision and sound regulation. It is the common features that contribute to the resilient performance in these two countries’ banks through the global financial crisis. Generally speaking, the whole banking sector in either Canada or Australia is monopolized by a few large-scaled national banks. In Australia, there are mainly four banks, Commonwealth Bank, Westpac Banking Corporation, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group and National Australia Bank, which dominate Australian banking market. They are individually and collectively huge compared with the size of banking system and their total assets are vast compared with GDP. These four banks occupy 75% of...
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...industry players. These issues are currently driving the entire travel & tourism segment. Further there are changes happening in the external environment and travel & tourism segment need to respond to these changes in order to remain in line with the changing trends in the external market. The present paper would analyze the issues faced in the travel and tourism sector in South Africa and there would be three learning objectives which would be accomplished through present paper and can be given as under: LO1 Understand current issues in travel and tourism sector LO3 Understand how the travel and tourism sector respond to change LO4 Understand the impacts of change on travel and tourism sector These three learning objectives would be attained through present paper for discussion of the contemporary issues in travel and tourism industry with specific reference to South Africa. LO1 Understand current issues intravel and tourism sector 1.1 Analyze issues currently driving change in travel and tourism sector There are several key issues driving change in the travel and tourism sector in South Africa would include the political, economical, technological, globalization, health & safety and environmental issues. Considering the environmental issues affecting present age travel & tourism...
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...Nairobi Kenya with substations in Tanzania, South Sudan, Burundi, Uganda and Rwanda. KCB group is the largest financial service provider in the great lakes by asset base estimated to be over 380 billion and also its superiority is based on its large network of branches which stand at over 220. The history of Kenya Commercial Bank dates back to 1896, at the time known as National Bank of India which was operating in the port town of Mombasa. It later merged with Grindlays bank to form National and Grindlays bank, upon independence the government of Kenya acquired 60% shareholding in order to bring banking closer to the people of Kenya and later in 1970 the government acquired 100% shareholding and it was renamed Kenya Commercial Bank. Kenya Commercial Bank has been the dominant bank in Kenya for very many years enjoying the monopoly as there were only few international banks and local banks came much later, although KCB brought banking services closer to the people, it was only accessible mostly to middle and high income people locking out majority of the population who are low income earners. In the late 20th century, in the footsteps of organizations vision of becoming the best financial service provider in Africa with global reach, Kenya Commercial Bank began expanding and in 1997 KCB Tanzania was incorporated, and since then it has opened 11 branches in Tanzania. In May 2006, KCB extended its operation to Southern Sudan, KCB South Sudan has now over 20 branches; continuing...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 An Invest AD report written by the Economist Intelligence Unit Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 Contents Foreword 2 Preface 3 About this research 4 Key findings 5 I. Introduction: a North-South role reversal 6 II. A hopeful decade: Africa’s changing image 8 III. Barriers to investment 11 IV. The new investment case for Africa 15 V. Investor perceptions versus market reality in key markets 18 Conclusion 20 Appendix: survey results 21 1 © Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2012 Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 Foreword Africa is no longer a leap of faith Even well informed observers have written off Africa as riven by war, corruption and poverty, but since the emergence of China and India as economic growth engines, many are now asking whether this continent of one billion people can also achieve its own “economic miracle” . These are still early days but there is no doubting the promising signs, politically and economically. At a time of huge change, societies are showing that they can adapt, on the whole, peacefully. In the last year, Nigeria, Tunisia, Zambia and Rwanda have held elections hailed as free and fair by international observers, while a referendum created the new nation of South Sudan. Along with greater political stability, has come policy continuity and improved ...
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...conflict & refugee crisis? The answers to above terms will provide us clear view on the esteemed statement. The terms are discussed as follows: Global Power: There are 10 powerful countries, the 10 great powers that can rock the world. They have been ranked by their fire power & ability to shape both their regional environments and the international system as a whole; among all the world’s countries these are the ones with the most ability to affect global politics by their choices. The global power rankings are revised every year. Until 2016, the top 10 global powers are as follows: 1. United States of America 2. United Kingdom 3. Germany 4. China 5. Japan 6. Russia 7. India 8. Turkey 9. Iran 10. South Korea Balance of Power: In international relations, the posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. States can pursue a policy of balance of power in two ways: by increasing their own power, as when engaging in an armaments race or in the competitive acquisition of territory; or by adding to their own power that of other states, as when embarking upon a policy of alliances. The Interest of Global Powers: The scope of balance of power is vast. The countries that belong to global powers have their own...
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...LỤC Part 1 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.1.1 The reasons why we choose South Africa 2 1.2 History and Demographics of the people 3 1.2.1 History 3 1.2.2 Demographic of the people 6 Part 2 8 2.1 Forces that exist in the business and cultural environment of the country 8 2.2 What we would like if we were resident of South Africa 9 2.3 What we wouldn’t like if were resident of South Africa 11 2.4 Primary exports and import, trading partner. Graph the historical rate of the exchange between your South Africa 's currency and that of the United States dollar 12 2.4.1 Primary exports 12 2.4.2 Primary imports 13 2.4.3 Primary trading partners 13 2.4.4 Exchange rates 13 Part 3 14 3.1 Resources, Initiatives of business organizations and South Africa’s government policies 14 3.1.1 Resources and Initiatives of business organizations already exist in South Africa 14 3.1.2 South Africa’s government policies aid such initiatives (Include Financial, Marketing, & Human Resource issues) 16 3.2 Advices for businessmen 17 3.2.1 Business culture 17 3.2.2 Business notices 19 References 21 SOUTH AFRICA ESSAY Part 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2.1 The reasons why we choose South Africa * South Africa is a country of BRICS In 2010, South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in August of that year. South Africa officially became a member nation on 24 December 2010, after being...
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...Full Report can be downloaded at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/index.shtml World Economic Situation and Prospects Executive Summary 2012 1 Executive Summary Global economic prospects for 2012 and 2013 The world economy is on the brink of another major downturn The world economy is teetering on the brink of another major downturn. Output growth has already slowed considerably during 2011 and anaemic growth is expected during 2012 and 2013. The problems stalking the global economy are multiple and interconnected. The most pressing challenges lie in addressing the continued jobs crisis and declining prospects for economic growth, especially in the developed countries. As unemployment remains high, at nearly 9 per cent, and incomes stagnate, the recovery is stalling in the short run owing to the lack of aggregate demand. But, as more and more workers are out of a job for a long period, especially young workers, medium-term growth prospects will also suffer because of the detrimental effect on workers’ skills and experience. The rapidly cooling economy has been both a cause and an effect of the sovereign debt crisis in the euro area, and of fiscal problems elsewhere. The sovereign debt crises in a number of European countries worsened further in 2011 and aggravated weaknesses in the banking sector. Even bold steps by the Governments of the euro area countries to reach an orderly sovereign debt workout for Greece have been met with continued financial...
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...Conflict in South Sudan. South Sudan which is officially known as the ‘Republic of South Sudan’ is a landlocked country in eastern Africa with plains in the north and centre and highlands in the south, along the border with Uganda and Kenya. The White Nile, which flows north through the country is its major geographic feature and it supports agriculture as well as large wild animal populations. South Sudan is bordered by Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Uganda. The recent conflict in South Sudan after its independence has sparked up a lot of interest recently in the media. South Sudan came into being because of the struggle of its people and the commitment of international community to the peace agreement with Sudan. Already, the world’s newest country seems to be a failed state before it was born on July 9, 2011, despite its enormous natural resources and the determination of its people. This research therefore seeks to bring to the fore: the formation of South Sudan (history), reasons for its current conflict, as well as UN and AU interventions in the region. History As indicated above, it was actually part of Sudan until its independence. The Egyptians conquered it (Sudan) in 1874 and established the province of Equatoria. In 1885 however, the Islamic Mahdist revolutionaries entered the territory. Fortunately, the British troops who happened to be there helped defeat the invaders and thus took over Sudan in 1898....
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...in Handley et al., 2009). Multidimensional definitions acknowledge that poverty is also defined by a sense of helplessness, dependence and lack of opportunities, self-confidence and self-respect on the part of the poor. (Narayan et al., 2000). Sen (1999) defines poverty as lack of freedom while another dimension view it as interlinked forms of deprivation in the economic, human, political, sociocultural and protective spheres (OECD, 2006).This essay discusses the issue of poverty in Africa from colonial period to present day. The paper also analyses the causes of poverty since colonial era, the poverty alleviation strategies adopted to deal with poverty and propose possible solutions for poverty alleviation. A plethora of case studies will be drawn from several countries to substantiate the claims and insights provides in this paper. 2.0 Poverty, colonialism and Colonial Legacy Poverty is attributed to colonial legacy and how colonial rule marginalized the Africans in economic participation. In Africa, poverty is attributed to the economic activities of the colonial masters which exploited labour, natural resources and expropriated the continent while there was little plough back to citizen nations. A classical study by (Rodney, 1972) “How Europe Underdeveloped...
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...NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CODE:POL 122 COURSE TITLE:INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS COURSE GUIDE POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS Course Writer/Developer Mr. Sikiru Lanre Nurudeen Department of Political Science and Conflict Resolution Al – Hikmah University, Ilorin Kwara State Course Editor Prof. M. Olarotimi Ajayi Faculty of Social Sciences Covenant University Otta Course Coordinator Mr. Abdul-Rahoof A. Bello National Open University of Nigeria ii POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja Nigeria e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2009 ISBN: 978-058-415-3 All Rights Reserved iii POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ………………………………………….…………… 1 Course Aims ……………………………………………………… 1 Course Objectives ………………………………………………... 1 Working through Course……………………………………. This 2 Course Materials………………………………………………….. 2 Study Units………………………………………………………. . 2 Text books and References……………………………………….. 3 Assessment File…………………………………………………… 3 Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………….. ……………… 4 iv POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS Final Examination Grading…………………………………...
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...China Fragile Superpower This page intentionally left blank Fragile Superpower Susan L. Shirk China 2007 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2007 by Susan L. Shirk Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shirk, Susan L. China: fragile superpower / by Susan L. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-530609-5 1. Nationalism—China. 2. China—Politics and government—2002– I. Title. JC311.S525 2007 320.951—dc22 2006027998 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Sam, Lucy, and David Popkin This page intentionally left...
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