...Plato and Play Taking Education Seriously in Ancient Greece Armand D’Angour In this article, the author outlines Plato’s notions of play in ancient Greek culture and shows how the philosopher’s views on play can be best appreciated against the background of shifting meanings and evaluations of play in classical Greece. Play—in various forms such as word play, ritual, and music—proved central to the development of Hellenic culture. In ancient Greece, play (paidia) was intrinsically associated with children (paides). However, both children and play assumed a greater cultural significance as literacy—and, consequently, education (paideia)— developed during the classical age of 500–300 BCE. Uniquely among ancient thinkers, Plato recognized that play influenced the way children developed as adults, and he proposed to regulate play for social ends. But Plato’s attitude toward play was ambivalent. Inclined to consider play an unworthy activity for adults, he seemed to suggest that intellectual play in some form, as demonstrated in the dialectical banter of Socrates, could provide a stimulus to understanding. Key words: education in ancient Greece; play and child development; play and education; play and Plato; Socratic dialectic Among various plausible misquotations that surface from time to time is a piece of popular wisdom attributed to Plato to the effect that “you can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.” It was quoted by Alaska Governor...
Words: 6335 - Pages: 26
...Anthropology of Gender Sexualities Human sexuality is a very complex topic with several distinct components, including desires, practices, beliefs and attitudes, and identity. Human sexuality is clearly a product of both genetic and environmental factors. Twin studies focusing on homosexuality suggest a 40-60% contribution from either set of factors (the results vary depending on the study). The actual mechanisms for determination, both environmental and genetic, remain unclear at present. Human sexuality is bewildering in its variety and elaboration. Desire and practice vary along multiple dimensions which interact in complex ways. In consequence, we cannot adequately describe the full range of human sexuality with a single simple term. Sources for Human Sexuality Sexuality is one of the most closely regulated activities in every human society. It is therefore difficult to ascertain what is “natural” (biological) and what is cultural (learned). Anthropology has historically shared the general Western reticence regarding sex and has seldom made sexuality a central topic of research. Margaret Mead and a few others did some research on the topic and it is sometimes included in general ethnographic studies. Proper scholarly study of human sexuality really begins with Alfred Kinsey and continues through Masters and Johnson and the Social Science Survey Project. While there has been a dramatic increase in research on the topic in the past 30 years, it is still relatively little studied...
Words: 3267 - Pages: 14
...Groups are common in every society, usually when a person is in the same group they tend to think a like and have the same goals. When a group is established it is essential to find a leader for that particular group, they need someone to guide them. There are many different groups of society, the elite and the deprived. Each has their own leader, but they have to be in the same class as the rest. They have to fall in the same “neighborhood” as their people, “Therefore, to achieve what he can of that perfection, every man needs to stay in the neighborhood of others and associate with them... which is why he is called the social and political animal.” If they are in the same neighborhood or class as the people then the leader would know what the people go through. The people always know if the leader is doing a good job. A good leader leads the good and a bad leader leads the bad, even though, in their mind it seems as they are doing good. But no matter who they rule, they have the natural capacity to rule. Someone would have to be born with this ability to rule, and handle everything that comes with being a leader. This is what most rulers have in common. Like King Hammurabi, even though he was a very good leader, his laws were ridiculous. But people still considered him a good leader regardless of his laws in the code of Hammurabi. King Hammurabi brought order to his people and they appreciated that, they knew and they did not want to be a victim of karma. “Even if...
Words: 2765 - Pages: 12
... 1 Factors determining citizenship: - Parents are citizens -Born within a county -Marriage to a citizen -Naturalization 2 History * 2.1 Polis citizenship * 2.2 Roman ideas of citizenship * 2.3 Middle Ages * 2.4 Renaissance * 2.5 Modern times 3 Different senses of citizenship -International citizenship -Commonwealth citizenship -European Union citizenship -Subnational citizenship Citizenship education * United Kingdom * Ireland citizenship in Bangladesh CITIZENSHIP: Citizenship laws are based upon the Bangladesh Citizenship Order dated 1972. Questions concerning persons born before March 26, 1971, should be directed to the Bangladesh Embassy. (UKC-Commonwealth Nation) BY BIRTH: Birth within the territory of Bangladesh does not automatically confer citizenship. Only persons born before March 26, 1971 would be deemed Bangladesh citizens by birth. BY DESCENT: Rules stated below apply to persons born after March 26, 1971. Child born of a Bangladesh father, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child whose grandfather was a citizen of Bangladesh, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child born of a Bangladesh mother and an unknown or stateless father, regardless of the child's country of birth. OTHER: Person who was a permanent resident of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971, is granted citizenship, unless disqualified by law at that time. BY NATURALIZATION: A person...
Words: 17350 - Pages: 70
...The Case Study of Eva Airways Core Competencies in Airline Industry | December 252012 | The idea of "core competences" is one of the most important business ideas currently shaping our world. This is one of the key ideas that lies behind the current wave of outsourcing, as businesses concentrate their efforts on things they do well and outsource as much as they can of everything else. Eva Airways core competencies covers excellent flight safety record, advanced flight equipment to enhance flight safety, fleet complete, network-intensive services, caring and meticulous service that includes their current and future customer service programs, human capital investment for providing excellent customer service, and professional management. With these excellent customer-oriented services, Eva Air proves that they are already world-class air carrier and robustly have an edge to compete in international market with the low-cost airline carrier, prestige airline carrier, and even the government-controlled carrier. We also believed that Eva Air’s customer-oriented services (core competencies) could sustain the growing or future demands in airline industry and can survive the toughness of the competition. The Case Study of Eva Airways Core Competencies in Airline Industry I. INTRODUCTION The airline industry exists in an intensely competitive market. Over the years, air travel has become so commonplace that it would be hard to imagine life without it. The airline industry, therefore...
Words: 6430 - Pages: 26
...Ancient Greece The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens, is one of the most representative symbols of the culture and sophistication of the ancient Greeks. Part of a series on the | Modern Greece.Septinsular Republic.War of Independence.First Hellenic Republic.Kingdom of Greece.National Schism.Second Hellenic Republic.4th of August Regime.Axis occupation (collaborationist regime).Civil War.Military Junta.Third Hellenic Republic | History by topic.Art.Constitution.Economy.Military.Names | History of Greece | | Neolithic Greece.Neolithic Greece | Greek Bronze Age.Helladic.Cycladic.Minoan.Mycenaean | Ancient Greece.Homeric Greece.Archaic Greece.Classical Greece.Hellenistic Greece.Roman Greece | Medieval Greece.Byzantine Greece.Frankish and Latin states.Ottoman Greece | | Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history that lasted from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BCto the end ofantiquity (c. 600 AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Included in ancient Greece is the period ofClassical Greece, which flourished during the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Classical Greece began with the repelling of a Persian invasion by Athenian leadership. Because of conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished fromCentral Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. Classical Greek culture...
Words: 17888 - Pages: 72
...I-Introduction: The term "realism" was first used to formulate the philosophical doctrine that "universals exist outside of the mind" (Freyberg-Inan, 1). Yet, in political theory, "realism" represents a school of thought that analyzes the political process as it is or as it is disclosed by historical forces " ... that the able political practitioner takes into account ... and incorporates ... into his political conceptions and his political acts "(Ibid, 1-2). In the field of international relations, realism became the dominant analytical paradigm mostly after the start of the Second World War, when it displaced idealist doctrines, promising "to provide more accurate information, more powerful, and more relevant answers" to the roots or causes of peace and war (Brecher& Harvey, 54). At the same time, many features of the current realist paradigm can be traced back to the time of Thucydides, Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Among contemporary thinkers recognized as major writers and contributors to the realist tradition are Hans Morgenthau, Edward Carr and Kenneth Waltz (Freyberg-Inan, 8). What are then the basic tenets or common features of a realist thinker? Machiavelli would acknowledge that to be a realist one has to look at history as "a sequence of cause and effect whose course can be analysed and understood by intellectual effort, but not directed by imagination" (Carr, 64). Hobbes would persist in the same train of thought and insist that to be a realist thinker...
Words: 17639 - Pages: 71
...of the definitions and central propositions of globalization. This paper was written during my stay at the Kellogg Institute. I wish to express my appreciation to the fellows and staff of the Institute for all their help on this project, notably to Scott Mainwaring who is now director of the Institute. Introduction The end of the Cold War provided a major shock for scholars of politics and policy in at least two respects. First, it provided a classic example of the limitations of both social and policy sciences predictive capacity. Few foresaw, let alone predicted, the tumultuous events that marked the end of the decade. Second, those events simultaneously dislodged the organizing principle—the foundation—upon which much of the study of international relations was constructed in the...
Words: 9416 - Pages: 38
...TITLE: MARKETING MIX OF THE MANILA HOTEL SUBMITTED BY: 施天仁 Zyril Christian Cruz 2008290005 饭馆082 THESIS SUPERVISOR: Gu Huimin LOCATION OF RESEARCH: MANILA HOTEL TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THEORETICAL II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE RELATED LITERATURE LOCAL/FOREIGN RELATED STUDY LOCAL/FOREIGN III. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SCOPE AND LIMITATION DEFINITON OF TERMS IV. METHODOLOGY METHODS OF PROCEDURE DESIGNS REFERENCES CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Manila Hotel is a 570-room five star hotel in Manila, Philippines, Located in the heart of the Manila Bay area. The Manila Hotel is the oldest premiere hotel in the Philippines, built in 1909 to rival Malacanang Palace, where the Philippine president now lives, and opened in 1912. It was built on 3.5 hectares (376,736.9 sq ft) of the land along Roxas Boulevard. It was the residence of General Douglas MacArthur from 1935 to 1941. On January 17, 2008, at the...
Words: 6501 - Pages: 27
...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Child abuse is a global problem that has received tremendous attention in Western Countries. Not until recently was it confirmed that child abuse really existed in Africa generally and Nigeria in particular. The term “Child Abuse” refers to intention acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. Child abuse covers a wide range of behaviour from physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of child basic need. Traditionally, parent or adult have been entrusted by the society with the responsibility of caring for and guiding their children best interest. Observations have shown that parents or guardians differ in their ability to care for and protect their children. Thus the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, culture around t he world have different standards in dealing in what constitutes child abuse. In Sweden, for example, the law prohibits any physical punishment of children, including spanking. By contrast, in some countries of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean parents are expected to punish their children by hitting them. Ordinarily, there is nothing wrong with that, but in cases where families or adults engage in practices that interfere with or inhibits a child, generally welfare and educational development, calls for serious concern in Africa in general cannot be left out in this performance problems. Often, feelings of guilt violation and lowered self esteem have...
Words: 11743 - Pages: 47
...Rusiyyah". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies vol. 3 (2000) pp. 1-25. ISSN: 0806-198X. Ibn Faḍlān's account of the caliphal embassy from Baghdad to the King of the Volga Bulghārs in the early fourth/tenth century is one of our principal, textual sources for the history, ethnogenesis and polity formation of a number of tribes and peoples who populated Inner Asia. Of especial significance is his description of a people whom he calls the Rūsiyyah. Attempts to identify this people have been the stuff of controversy for almost two centuries and have largely focused on how this description can be made to contribute to the Normanist Controversy (the principal, but by no means the only, controversy concerns the extent of Viking involvement in the creation of Russia). This article provides a fresh, annotated translation of Ibn Faḍlān's passage and considers a multiplicity of identities for the Rūsiyyah. Ibn Faḍlān’s account of his participation in the deputation sent by the Caliph al-Muqtadir in the year 921 A.D. to the King of the Bulghārs of the Volga, in response to his request for help, has proved to be an invaluable source of information for modern scholars interested in, among other subjects, the birth and formation of the Russian state, in the Viking involvement in northern and eastern Europe, in the Slavs and the Khazars. It has been analyzed and commented upon frequently and forms the substance of many observations on the study of the ethnography and sociology of the...
Words: 12445 - Pages: 50
...ASSIGNMENT ON LEADERSHIP 1.Defination Of Leadership Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. Leadership is the potential to influence behaviour of others. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational members to want to achieve the visions. According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.” Tom Kennedy, a certified management consultant, "Leadership is getting people to want to follow. That requires engaging them passionately, from the heart, and requires persuading people to change. Management is tactical; leadership is strategic." John Baker, president of Ready Thinking, "Leadership is accomplishing things that reach beyond solitary abilities by acting — and getting others to act — with a maturity that surpasses limited self-interest." 2.The nature of Leadership 1. It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of goals. 2. It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which includes...
Words: 10134 - Pages: 41
...VISHAL KUMAR | PGDM | February 22, 2014 VISHAL KUMAR | PGDM | February 22, 2014 COCA COLA AN INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PROJECT COCA COLA AN INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION PROJECT CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………….2 2. HISTORY …………………………………………………………………………..3 3. COCA COLA IN INDIA……………………………………………………………7 4. MARKETING STRATEGY………………………………………………………..12 4. THE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN………………………………………………..13 6. SERGIO ZYMAN…………………………………………………………………..17 7. COCA COLA’S RENOWNED ADS……………………………………...………..21 8. BOLLYWOOD ACTORS IN ADS…...…………………………………………….27 9. THANDA MATLAB COCA COLA………………………………………………..28 10. COKE’S AD AGENCIES IN INDIA………………………………………………29 11. THE STORY BEHIND ITS SMALL WORLD MACHINES AD…………………30 12. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………..32 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………..33 “I don’t care about making award-winning commercial. The only thing …that any marketing person should care about is real consumption.”-Sergio Zyman, The end of marketing as we know it,1999 INTRODUCTION: Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by...
Words: 7568 - Pages: 31
...Malls and Hypermarkets: Perspectives of Contemporary Shopping CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 18 School of Management Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala Malls and Hypermarkets: Perspectives of Contemporary Shopping 1.1 INTRODUCTION The last decade has witnessed dynamism in Indian retail sector. Various urban areas have been at the center of attraction with emergence of different kinds of organized retail formats gaining momentum. It is largely due to rising income, increasing purchasing power, credit facilities, changing pattern of consumer behaviour and increased consumer awareness. Retailing has emerged as one of the most important sectors of Indian economy beyond the 90s. A large number of retail model retail formats have come in force offering a wide spectrum of merchandise and services. The professional orientation and incorporation of various technology–enabled softwares has offered these retailers better customer relationship management, merchandise offering, store atmosphere and inventory management. There’s a flurry of activity as a revolution sweeps through small town India, with intimidating Malls, Hip stores, looming Hypermarkets & hangouts mushrooming all over the place, apart from a perceptible lifestyle change, breathing fire into these cities (Agarwal, 2006). And it is happening not just in one or two cities, but across all major Tier – II & III cities of India, and in a spectrum of sectors – booming real estate, malls, multiplexes and cinemas, global...
Words: 16163 - Pages: 65
...A09-04-0012 Wal-Mart Stores Inc.: Dominating Global Retailing Mr. Lee Scott could afford the look of confidence. He had just spoken to investment analysts about the phenomenal results from the second quarter of 2003. Despite the general weakness in the world economy and the uncertain environment that prevailed, Wal-Mart had reported sales growth of 11%, amounting to $6.4 billion. The company’s associates were indeed doing the Wal-Mart cheer in faraway places like Germany, South Korea, China, and the United Kingdom. In three decades, it had grown from its rural Arkansas roots to become the world’s largest company, and quite possibly the most powerful retailer. The meteoric growth did bring with it a fair share of problems. At a macro level, there had always been questions about the ability of Wal-Mart to sustain the pace of growth it had demonstrated in recent years. Once the company vaulted over the $200 billion level in annual sales, it was clear that incremental growth would be challenging. There was a nationwide backlash against big-box retailers, and Wal-Mart was front and center in that controversy. Some of the upstart chains such as Dollar General were gearing up to nip at the heels of Wal-Mart. They claimed that customers felt lost inside the cavernous stores of Wal-Mart and that they would gladly shop at Dollar General stores, which, although much smaller, offered comparable low prices. The emerging markets that held a lot of promise were being bitterly contested by...
Words: 9840 - Pages: 40
