...the species that can be found here are, Spartina alterniflora, Littoraria irrorata, Juncus roemerianus, Spartina patens, Salicornia virginica, Melampus bidentatus, etc. Many of these species hold a key role within this habit such as being a foundation species, or an indicator for the marsh health. Littoraria irrorata (periwinkle snails) amongst other gastropods and Molluscs have...
Words: 1056 - Pages: 5
...Littorina irrorate (common name marsh periwinkle snails) perform a vertical migration on Spartina alterniflora (salt marsh cordgrass) during high tides. This could be a result in trying to avoid predators such as Callinectes sapidus (common name blue crab). Field studies have shown that the result of climbing up vegetation provides protection from predators. The comparison that is to be made, is the Littorina irrorates response to the presence of the Callinectes sapidus pheromones by vertical migration. The alternate hypothesis is that there will be a difference in how the Littorina irrorate react with the Callinectes sapidus pheromones, by the vertical movement the snails make to avoid the crabs compared to being in a non-pheromone seawater....
Words: 703 - Pages: 3
...A Review of Literature Related to Oil Spill Dispersants 1997-2008 for Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council (PWSRCAC) Anchorage, Alaska by Merv Fingas Spill Science Edmonton, Alberta PWSRCAC Contract Number - 955.08.03 Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this PWSRCAC-commissioned report are not necessarily those of PWSRCAC September, 2008 ii Abstract This report is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to August, 2008. The report identifies and focusses on recent advances in dispersant effectiveness, toxicity, and biodegradation. Other topics such as application, use, behaviour and fate are also covered. The prime motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact of oil on shorelines, thus the application must be successful and effectiveness high. As some oil would come ashore, discussion remains on what effectiveness is required to significantly reduce the shoreline impact. A major issue is the actual effectiveness during spills so that these values can be used in estimates for the future. The second motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact on birds and mammals on the water surface. The benefits of using dispersants to reduce impacts on wildlife still remain unknown. The third motivation for using dispersants is to promote the biodegradation of oil in the water column. The effect of dispersants on biodegradation is still a matter of dispute. Some papers state that dispersants inhibit...
Words: 82016 - Pages: 329