...Speaking involves children producing sounds, having an understanding of language development and developing the ability to speak for different purposes and audiences. Through speaking children learn and make sense of their world. Children enter settings/schools with a variety of language experiences and language skills, having had different linguistic and cultural experiences. These can impact on their current achievements and understanding of the power of the skills of speaking, listening and communicating. Good role models will engage children in discussions so that they can develop their thinking and understanding of their experiences as well as a wide and varied vocabulary. Further along in their development, most children who have been...
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...Loving God and Loving Others At first glance, it's easy to pass over the prophet books. They aren't “fun” books of the Bible to read, like Esther or Ruth or even Jonah. They're angst filled books. They're about judgement. Frankly, they can be downright depressing. But when one looks deeper within these books, some major themes that are applicable to today become noticeable. The themes of idolatry – who and what we worship, social injustices, and religious ritualism emerge. While we may like to think that these are issues of the past, they are still present and relative in 2013. Another theme emerges too: God's great and deep love for his people and the desire to see them restored. Israel wrestled over worshiping a God they couldn't see. No matter how many times God made himself known to them, they still assimilated into the culture and chose to worship man-made gods over the living God. God used the prophets to call Israel out and to give them fair warning to turn back to himself and to uphold their end of their covenantal responsibility. From the outset of his message on behalf of the Lord, the prophet Zephaniah condemned the people of Judah and their worship of false idols saying, "I will crush Judah and Jerusalem with my fist and destroy every last trace of their Baal worship. I will put an end to all the idolatrous priests, so that even the memory of them will disappear. For they go up to their roofs and bow down to the sun, moon, and stars. They claim to follow...
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...each other we can be sure that they in general way to suggest that a speaker makes a define decision to address someone. Speaking may be forced on him in the way but we still say that he wants or intends to speak, otherwise he would keep silent. According to Maybin (1992: 56) says that communication is an exchange between people, knowledge, information, ideas, options, feeling so there must be concept, ideas, in the fellow speaker of what they are going to say. The speakers have a basic competence in communication their ideas. The able to communicate their ideas, the students will be given opportunity to practice their English. According to Micheal (1998: 103) language is a symbolic system used by communicators to construct and convey information. Good languages developed by a system, set of rules followed by the wearer. According to Nunan (1991: 47) Speaking is one of four skills of English. It can help people to understand something from other interlocutors of language. Speaking will be focus for the first section on speaking. It involves fluent and accuracy expression meaning, the exercising of pragmatic, or communicative, competence and the observance of the rules of appropriate. Communication is a collaboration venture in which the interlocutors negotiate meaning in order to achieve their communication. According to Widdowson (1985: 57) that speaking is an oral communication that gives information involves two elements, they are; the speaker who gives the message and...
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...091C702029 |TOPIC 3: PUBLIC SPEAKING |OCTOBER 27 | | |2011 | TABLE OF CONTENT I Introduction………………………………..3 II Body • Sec 1: General statement about public speaking …........................................3 • Sec 2: The important role of public speaking, and difficulties………….....3 • Sec 3: How to prepare a good speech………………………………………......4 • Sec 4: how to improve public speaking skill………………………………8 III Conclusion…………………………..……….12 IV Reference list……………………………...13 INTRODUCTION C an you think of any memorable talk or presentation you have ever attended? It is sad to know that most of the presentations are easy to forget, especially when the main reason behind the presentation was to communicate something to you. Therefore, it is important to know how to transfer effectively the information to the others. Moreover, the world is open and nations are integrated together. Hence, exchange information and negotiation is very important. Obviously, communication is the most essential skill at the moment, specifically public speaking. Public speaking is not a new trend in current...
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...Public Speaking- is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. It is closely allied to "presenting", although the latter has more of a commercial connotation. In public speaking, as in any form of communication, there are five basic elements, often expressed as "who is saying what to whom using what medium with what effects?" The purpose of public speaking can range from simply transmitting information, to motivating people to act, to simply telling a story. Good orators should be able to change the emotions of their listeners, not just inform them. Public speaking can also be considered a discourse community .Interpersonal communication and public speaking have several components that embrace such things as motivational speaking, leadership/personal development, business, customer service, large group communication, and mass communication. Public speaking can be a powerful tool to use for purposes such as motivation, influence, persuasion, informing, translation, or simply entertaining. A confident speaker is more likely to use this as excitement and create effective speech thus increasing their overall ethos. The importance of public speaking * By learning how to effectively speak in public, you'll be able to increase your own self-confidence. Since public speaking is one of the most prevalent fears in the western world, by enabling yourself to master this difficult skill...
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...Khatri Date: Jan 29, 2014 Subject: Proposal to write a report on how to overcome the fear of Public Speaking. Purpose To help individual overcome the fear of Public Speaking by understanding their fear and taking the plunge to get over those fears. We purpose to research and write a background report on the issues involved on overcoming the fear of public speaking. Background of the Problem Public speaking is not a talent that anyone could have. In fact, it is a way of learning skills and could build up by individual’s own will. It could be lot easier if a person enrolls himself in speaking groups, where he will be able to build up his confidence of speaking and also spruce his skills. It could be challenging at first and might sound counter intuitive. But this is the first way to alleviate one’s confidence which plays a major role in terms of speaking. However, involvement in such groups also helps to be socially active, regardless of how intimidated one is and also able to meet new people and learn new things. For some speaking in front of strangers can be completely shadowy because they don’t know the audience and get fear of getting judged for giving an appealing presentation. Despite of the fact, they should be able to take the criticism positively instead of dwelling on criticism which will lead them to success. They should always be passionate about what they do and love the negative feedback. Once they learn how to accept the criticism, they will be able...
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...Executive Summary Glossophobia is the fear of speaking in public settings. People with an anxiousness of public speaking likely either exhibit the phobia or similar symptoms related to the phobia. The purpose of this report is to find and understand ways to deal with public speaking anxieties as it is a common fear among the general population. This report focuses on defining glossophobia, or more commonly referred to as public speaking anxiety (PSA), and elaborating on strategies/tips for overcoming this phobia. Symptoms of public speaking anxiety can be feeling intense anxiety prior to, or at the thought of having to verbally communicate to a group of people. Another symptom would be feeling physical distress, nausea, or feelings of panic in some cases. Possessing good public speaking skills is a very important skill one can possess and having this skill to speak efficiently and effectively to an audience gives a person numerous advantages throughout their lifetime. This report is to help our audience understand the different ways of overcoming PSA in hopes of achieving a better communication process during presentations, work environments, or any situation that may require speaking in a public setting. This report focuses on six strategies to accomplish this: 1) preparation, which focuses on preparation of the speech and content before the actual speech; 2) know your audience, which helps for a better communication process of the message; 3) creating an outline, which...
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...chapter presents related literature review, relevant studies and theoretical framework to understand this research comprehensively. 2.1 Literature Review 2.1.1 Speaking In most cases, people who learn English usually want to be able to speak and communicate in English. One of the language skills that they want to acquire is speaking. Hadfield (2000) stated that “speaking is a kind of bridge for learners between the classroom and the world outside”. Liying Cheng and Curtis (2004) stated that the effective communication is more that the ability to talk, it is like that the ability to make understand people what we said. From those definition speaking is very important to make people understand about what...
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...Public Speaking and Self-Assessment COMM/110 August 7, 2012 Public Speaking and Self-Assessment * What are the four methods for delivering oral presentations? The four methods for delivering oral presentations are: 1. Manuscript/ or Verbatim Speaking - This is where you write the content of your speech out word for word. This method is better when you are presenting critical facts or statistics and do not want to make an error. Sometimes this method creates a feeling of disconnect with your audience. Practice, practice, practice in front of a mirror until you have a feel for what you are going to say. 2. Memorized Speaking - This is a manuscript speech minus the paper. This speech is practiced to the point that it is committed totally to memory. Using this method can improve eye contact and body language with the audience because your eyes are not looking at a card or paper; and you are free to use your body and hands to get across a point. 3. Extemporaneous Speaking - This speech is usually delivered from cards or a prepared outline. One of the main advantages of an extemporaneous speech is that it sounds spontaneous. 4. Impromptu Speech - is a speech delivered on the spot with no serious preparation. This type of speech is rarely used in formal settings, it usually occurs when you feel compelled to speak on an issue at a meeting. * What are the differences between the four methods for delivering oral presentations? When would it be appropriate to use...
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...and practicing public speaking skills. As long as one could master the skills of public speaking and give convincing speech, he might be able to shape the values, beliefs, and behaviors of people around him. Sounds amazing, right? In fact, studying and practicing public speaking will benefit the interpreter personally, professionally, and publicly. In the personal part, public speaking makes sense in three ways. First, mastering public speaking helps us students acquire skills necessary to our success in college. According to a Carnegie Foundation report, To succeed in college, undergraduates should be able to write and speak with clarity, and to read and listen with comprehension. Language and thougt are inextriably connected, and as undergraduates develop their linguistic skills, they hone the quality of their thinking and become intellectually and socially empowered. Moreover, all the skills we leanred from practicing public speaking are transferable skills. They can help us throughout our academic studies and even our professional life in the future. Imaging that one day a student would deliver an inaugural address after being sworn in as president; Another one would present breakthrough medical research findings to a national conference of doctors and medical technicians; And another one would usher passage of important legislation. All of them need the skills of public speaking to access achievements. The second personal benefit of public speaking is that it helps the speaker...
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...The slightest thought of public speaking can bring an overwhelming fear to most people. It can cause someone to shake and sweat and even have heart palpitations when it’s mentioned. There are a number of different reasons an individual may fear public speaking and in order to overcome that fear it is important to identify those reasons. For some the thought of public speaking can bring fear because they doubt their abilities or feel they may fail their audience. Others may not want to be judged by their audience or they simply feel vulnerable when speaking in front of an audience. One writer, Christopher Carlin states that no matter what your reason for public speaking is it is best to overcome your fears and become an active public speaker (Carlin, 2008). Overcoming a fear of public speaking can be done with hard work, dedication and practice. The more an individual takes an opportunity to speak in front of an audience they more comfortable they will become. According to one article the good thing about overcoming your fear of public speaking is that the fear is learned and with lots of determination and practice this fear can be unlearned (Colombo, n.d.). For me personally public speaking has never been one of my great fears. Luckily, at a young age I was taught to be comfortable with speaking in front of any type of audience, large or small. In middle school and high school I participate on a debate team as well as the school’s drama club. In both activities I...
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...The Relationship of Civic Engagement, Democratic Decision-Making, and Public Speaking Tiffaney Piper Honors Public Speaking/COM 2243 Tiffaney Piper Dr. Hal Fulmar Honors Public Speaking 6 December 2011 The Relationship of Civic Engagement, Democratic Decision-Making, and Public Speaking The relationship of civic engagement, democratic decision-making, and public speaking is something that indirectly and directly affects the lives of citizens and law makers alike. These terms go hand in hand with each other in their role in a democratic society. They create a sort of continuous triangle that keeps repeating as the cycle repeats itself. This semester we have grazed the surface, at the least, of each of these topics with our discussions from the textbook, Starship Troopers, and The New York Times. All these different mediums help us to begin to understand the deeply intertwined relationship of these three terms, each tied to the one before it to create the cycle we strive to live by. A final paper deciphering what we have learned and applying it to our roles in citizenship is my goal. I want to use this paper to break down each terms meaning, the relation of this term to citizens, and at the end explain the relationship of these terms as a whole and how their relationship affects citizens. “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country (John F. Kennedy).” One of the most remembered lines of a Presidential Inaugural in history...
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...and Standards Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2 Professional development materials Primary teachers and headteachers Status: Recommended Date of issue: 04-2004 Ref: DfES 0163-2004 ❚❙❘ Contents DVD – extracts from the video Speaking, Listening, Learning: working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2 (DfES 0628-2003) Introduction Planning meeting Professional development modules 1 Speaking and listening: concepts, skills and knowledge 2 Progression in speaking and listening 3 The role of the teacher in developing effective interaction and identifying and developing language features 4 Organising and managing speaking and listening 5 Speaking and listening: drama Inside front cover 3 5 7 19 35 49 55 This booklet contains suggestions for a planning meeting for embedding speaking and listening across the primary curriculum, and five professional development modules to support the teaching of speaking and listening in primary schools. The planning meeting will require teachers in preparation and follow-up. The professional development modules require time for teachers to read, plan, try out some teaching, watch others teach and discuss. Each module also has a staff meeting lasting between 60 and 75 minutes. Professional development for speaking and listening in mathematics will be available in 2005. © Crown copyright 2004 DfES 0163-2004 Professional development materials 2 Speaking, Listening, Learning:...
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...Speaking in Tongues: Real or Fake? Glossolalia or speaking in tongues is practiced by an estimated 100 million Christians in the world today and the number engaging in this practice is growing at a massive rate every year. That is approximately 20% of all Christians. What many people are wanting to know is if speaking in tongues as seen in the Church today is always from God or are there other explanations. Speaking in tongues has been practiced for many centuries, but despite its long history, differences of opinion accompany almost all questions regarding the phenomenon: is it sent from God? Is it of the Devil? Need it be a religious experience at all? Or is it a result of a mental disorder? People from all different walks of life have strong opinions on the subject. Throughout recorded history there have been many occasions where people have spoken in what was called ecstatic tongues. Note most of these accounts predate Pentecost and were of non-Christian origin. Christians therefore cannot say with confidence that every occurrence of glossolalia must be an expression of the will of God even though many do subscribe to this view. Those practicing speaking in tongues today portray Pentecost as the supreme example of supernatural tongues; however, the recorded cases of glossolalia go back as far as 1100 B.C. On that occasion a young Amen worshiper attracted historical infamy when he became possessed by a god and began to make sounds in a strange ecstatic tongue...
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...communicate with others. With everything I have learned in mind, I have decided that I need to speak in front of others to continue to improve on my speaking abilities. I plan to use all of my past speaking events and the things I have learned from them to help me be successful at speaking in the business world as well as in my future classes. To begin with, I have learned a lot about myself throughout this class. I learned that I have a nervous habit of playing with my hair when I am speaking. This non-verbal message could be a distraction for my audience, but it is definitely a sign to the audience that I am not confident. Another thing I learned this semester is that I have a habit of saying “um” or “you guys” when I speak. I know that they are filler words and are very natural to say because they make us sound human. However, I did learn that if I rehearse my speech more before giving it, then I use those filler words a lot less. Furthermore, I have learned about my ability to communicate this semester. First, I learned that I am very good at communicating exactly what I want to the audience. I have achieved this so far because I used a good channel, PowerPoint, so that not only is my audience hearing what I am saying, but also they are able to see what I am talking about. Also, I found that I have good voice projection when I am speaking, so my message is more easily received because I have eliminated some of the noise that was occurring from being in the city. After learning...
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