...Project Title: A STATISTICAL ANAYLYSIS OF NBA PLAYER SALARIES USING A MULTIPLE REGRESSION. ABSTRACT Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world and National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most popular basketball league in the world. The NBA league is based on the United States of America and it consists of 30 teams. The NBA is so popular that the NBA finals are the 2nd most watched televised event in the U.S. after the NFL (National Football League) Super Bowl. Sometimes when we think about NBA players and the enormous amount of money they are making, we become a little jealous. It is well known about how some star players make so much money or are over-paid and yet can hardly form a sentence. The greatest challenge for the board of NBA has been how to harmonize the salaries. Due to this various people have tried to come up with different solutions .Some argue that height ,weight and physical strength play a big role in team winning but this is not the case as some players who are short help their teams win in several occasions. To solve this problem a multiple regression analysis will be utilized to analyze the salary data. A relationship will be established between the salary and performance variables. The other challenge will be choosing the model parameters that will be significant in order to be included in the model that will be developed. This can be solved by arranging the factors affecting an NBA player salary in a decreasing order of importance...
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...The Correlations Between Salaries of NBA Players and Their On-court Performance Indicators ZiWEI YONG, 460228934 21, FEB, 2016 Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction and literature review 3 1. Introduction to Regression Model 3 1.1 Regression Model 3 1.2 Simple Linear Regression Model 3 1.3 Multiple Linear Regression Model 4 1.4 Multicollinearity 4 1.5 Conclusion for Multiple Linear Regression Modelling 5 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Introduction of NBA 5 2.2 Reasons for High Average Salary in NBA 5 2.3 Salaries based on long term contract 6 2.4 Reasons for Choosing On-court Performance Data 7 3. Preparations for Running the Multiple Regression Model 8 3.1 Objectives of this paper 8 3.2 Introduction of the variables 8 3.2.1 Dependent Variable 8 3.2.2 Independent Variables 8 3.3 Data Source 9 3.4 Scattered Plots 9 3.4.1 Scattered Plots of Salary and Independent Variables 9 3.4.2 Residual Scattered Plots 10 4. Multiple linear regression modelling 11 4.1 The Adjusted R² 11 4.2 The Histogram 12 4.3 Model Generated by Analysis: 12 5. Ethical Problems 13 5.1 Sample Size 13 5.2 Data for Kobe Bryant 14 5.3 Excluded Related Independent Variables 14 5.4 Multi-collinearity 14 6. Conclusion 15 Abstract This paper examines the correlation between NBA players’ salaries and their on-court performance indicators. Before getting into the relationship, I would introduce the essence of what is regression model and how to interpret it, then we would...
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...Superstar Effect: NBA Players and Team Influence I. Introduction Individual influence in a group setting has been studied among numerous academic fields for decades. In particular, productivity is often seen as a positive externality, in which the efficiency of a single individual in certain environments may others to also be more efficient, leading to better performance of the overall group [1]. This increase in productivity can be observed in a variety of different environments, including but not limited to the work office, education, and even in a domestic setting. Specifically in sports teams, this phenomenon is coined “the superstar effect”. In the past, there has been much debate regarding the actual impact of the superstar effect. These studies bring up many important issues that we will address before proceeding with our work. Among these questions are: Who qualifies as a superstar? How do we define a player to be “productive”? Under what metrics will we look at to determine the supposed effect of these players? All of these are valid points that we must carefully define to progress with our experimentation. II. Background and Data Our first and foremost question is what we base our data and work on: how do we define a superstar? Past work shows numerous ways to address this topic. One common way to determine a superstar is to refer to the number of times he or she has made an All-Pro team, or a player who has played in the NBA All-Star Game for...
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...improve the lives of every community the company is able to reach. Over the last century, philanthropy amongst major companies has increased dramatically. This improves the society and is also great for the public image of the organization. The MLB, NBA and NFL are the most valued professional sports organizations in America. Professional sports have a unique characteristic that most businesses do not possess, and that is meshing different cultural backgrounds together and the power to make aware of the problems we face today and giving us the strength to know that we do not have to face them alone. This sole attribute alone is essential for professional sports leagues and their teams to have a prominent grip on corporate social responsibility within their organization. Let’s take a step back and not just look at corporate social responsibility from a professional sports point of view but from a business point of view as well. The professional sports industry, like the big business industry, has its pros and cons. Some people tend to think that when a business gets involved in the community it is for one reason and one reason only, and that is to give off the fake impression that the corporation cares about the community. When in reality all they care about is trying to turn a profit and present the idea that they care. An example of this would be greenwashing. Where a company spends money on advertising the...
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...attitude and stressful emotion during this period. It may become a good chance for Adidas because it can take advantage of its previous advertising way of “Impossible is Nothing” campaign by sponsoring sports stars to express the corporate philosophy of grit, determination, passion and humor, giving people more courage and psychological comfort in face of economic crisis. But besides that, we also focus more about family function especially in Asian countries which emphasize a lot on family, which can provide caring emotional communication. Therefore, from both strong-willed hero worship and water-like fork environment, customers can easily link Adidas image with not only strength, but also warmth. The preferred media we choose are TV, specific magazines, outdoor and internet. Copyright : group-1©bba®pstu Term Paper (8th Semester) Page-2 Advertising Strategy of Adidas: A...
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...attitude and stressful emotion during this period. It may become a good chance for Adidas because it can take advantage of its previous advertising way of “Impossible is Nothing” campaign by sponsoring sports stars to express the corporate philosophy of grit, determination, passion and humor, giving people more courage and psychological comfort in face of economic crisis. But besides that, we also focus more about family function especially in Asian countries which emphasize a lot on family, which can provide caring emotional communication. Therefore, from both strong-willed hero worship and water-like fork environment, customers can easily link Adidas image with not only strength, but also warmth. The preferred media we choose are TV, specific magazines, outdoor and internet. Copyright : group-1©bba®pstu Term Paper (8th Semester) Page-2 Advertising Strategy of Adidas: A...
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...Mariela Torresmutt 6/20/2012 Under Armour: Case 1 The following is an environmental analysis of the “performance apparel” business sector of the athletic apparel industry, with an analysis on Under Armour, the 3rd largest athletic apparel company. The company is clearly rapidly growing, touching markets that have been dominated before, but continues to pride themselves on the performance of their products. The first section of this analysis will cover the trends in technology, economics, demographics, socialites and culture, as well as politics and legalities. It also includes coverage over Porter’s 5 forces and analysis’ of the industry and competitors. It will be concluded with strategies of success of the company as well as alternative strategies. Demographics In the terms of the overall athletic market, Under Armour claims 31% of the market share, Nike 36%, and Adidas and other athletic companies claiming the remainder. In their specific products, Under Armour claims 75% of performance apparel market share, with Nike and Adidas struggling to catch up. The company targets consumers of all ages and all demographics. Their consumers include men, women, and children; athletes, coaches, fans, active people, athletic staff, and anyone who lives an active life style. Their consumers can attain their products through their website, 15,000 retail stores across the country, regional retail chains like Academy and Dick’s sporting goods, and as of 2007, 17 retail outlet stores. Approximately...
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...However, it’s a challenge for a Chinese company, because in recent years, many of Chinese companies have being gone abroad, to exploit overseas market. Now, choose one Chinese company(for example Li Ning’s international marketing strategy) marketing consumer goods to American consumers, and you are the marketing manager responsible for American market. Please complete the tasks as following: Task 1 Analyse the concepts and process of marketing, and you are required to do these considering the company you choose. To do this, you should introduce your company briefly first. Li Ning Company Limited is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC, possessing brand marketing, research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and retail capabilities. The Group's products mainly include footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for sport and leisure uses under its own Li Ning brand. The Group has established an extensive supply chain management system, and a distribution and retail network in the PRC primarily through outsourcing of manufacturing operations and distribution via franchised agents. The Group also directly operates retail stores for the Li Ning brand. The Group adopts a multi-brand business development strategy. In addition to its core Li Ning brand, the Group (i) distributes sports products under its Z-DO brand via hypermarket channel; (ii) manufactures, markets, distributes and sells outdoor sports products under the French brand AIGLE...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 3 Analysis 3 Effective Leadership 3 Steve Ballmer 6 Mark Cuban vs. Steve Ballmer 8 Self Assessment 8 Conclusion 9 Reference 10 Introduction Individuals with strong leadership qualities have a huge impact on the performance of a business. A Chief Executive Officer is an organization’s leader and visionary. An effective leader knows how to “inspire individuals to achieve common goals” (Judge, Langton, & Robbins, 2013, p. 395) which are in the best interest of any organization. Effective leaders have the power to define a company’s culture and induce a “change in values, attitudes and behavior using personal examples and expertise” (Judge, Langton, & Robbins, 2013, p. 396). These are all important tributes of a leader because “employees do not respect a leader who they feel is not the best person for the job” (Judge, Langton, & Robbins, 2013, p. 398). This paper examines the traits of an effective leader, and explores the leadership styles of Mark Cuban, CEO of the Dallas Mavericks, Steve Ballmer, former CEO of Microsoft and the learner’s self assessment of leadership. Analysis Effective Leadership Key traits that are commonly found in effective leaders are extraversion, conscientiousness and openness (Judge, Langton, & Robbins, 2013, p. 398). Extraverted leaders enjoy communicating with people and often moderately assert themselves in groups making them accessible to all stakeholders (Judge, Langton, &...
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...Case Study Analysis Part A: “Power Play for Howard” Learning Team B Maria del C. Perez MGT/445 February 20, 2012 Dr. Anne Hallcom Case Study Analysis Part A: “Power Play for Howard” In the case study of “Power Play for Howard,” Juwan Howard, a free agent basketball player is looking to begin negotiations to obtain at least a $100 million dollar contract for his services. As a Washington Bullets team current player, his manager extends an invitation to this team first. He receives an offer from their organization; it is far below what he is looking to obtain. He decides to look elsewhere. Miami Heat offers him a deal that was too good to be true. They offered $100.8 million, seven-year contract with nice incentives; Juwan Howard agrees to their terms and signs their contract. Prematurely, there is excitement by the new agreement that he thinks is binding (Asher & Brubaker, 2007). The Bullets’ General Manager, Wes Unseld would soon hear back that the contract was invalidated by the basketball league in which they were governed by. The forward, Howard would continue with the Washington Bullets although arbitration takes place. In the end, the decision is made in favor of the Washington Bullets. In this paper, Learning Team B will take the reader through the tangible and intangible benefits, costs, and risks that took place for Juwan Howard, the Miami Heat, and the Washington Bullets- who would later to be known as the Washington Wizards...
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...a major part of modern day American culture, and the nation’s top flight of basketball is no exception. The National Basketball Association, more commonly referred to as the NBA, is one of the most popular sporting leagues in the world. With that being said, it comes with no surprise that it continues to progress in all possible facets. One of the more intriguing facets is the rise of in depth analytics to create a new, more accurate era of basketball statistics. In an article for The Atlantic, Terrance F. Ross elaborates on the topic and the controversy surrounding it to during his brilliantly written piece entitled “Welcome to Smarter Basketball”. However, it is more than just the words themselves that give the article its desired effect. Several rhetorical strategies are imperative to Ross’ success in convincing his readers to embrace the analytical movement. The most glaring of these aspects is the rhetorical situation, also called the context of the issue. The issue of analytics in basketball is so relevant today because of the effective results that it has been yielding in recent time. For example, “The most-watched Finals since the age of Michael Jordan ended with victory for the Golden State Warriors over the Cleveland Cavaliers—both of which are teams that have heavily incorporated data analysis into how they play the game” (Ross 1). While this trend is becoming increasingly more popular around the league, it still faces major opposition. Many believe that it takes...
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...Successful Sports Properties The Economic Reality of Professional Sports Team Financial Statements Controlling Player Costs National Football League National Basketball Association Major League Baseball National Hockey League European Soccer’s Path to Financial Health: UEFA’s Financial Fair Play Creative Accounting Roster Depreciation Allowance Franchise Appreciation Summary The Financial Status of Professional Sports Growth of Professional Sports Major Leagues The 1990s and early 2000s was a period of substantial growth for professional sports at all levels. The number of teams in the Big 4 major leagues grew from 103 franchises in 1989 to 122 franchises by 2001. During that time, the National Hockey League (NHL) added eight expansion teams, Major League Baseball (MLB) added four, the National Football League (NFL) added three, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) added five teams. In addition, several new leagues were launched in the 1990s with aspirations of becoming prominent national properties, most notably Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). By 2001, each of the Big 4 leagues had reached a saturation point, having established franchises in nearly every market capable of sustaining a major sports property. A few markets remain available for certain leagues. For example, Los Angeles has not had an NFL team since the Rams abandoned LA for a new stadium in St. Louis in 1995. While the...
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...QUESTION Think of two people you know, one as excellent communicator, the other quite ineffective. Write a highly specific description of each; then write a comparison of the two in which you contrast and evaluate their communication styles. On the basis of this analysis, set yourself three specific objectives for improving your own communication behaviors Communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood by both sender and receiver. It is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods Communication is effective if everything in the communication process goes as planned: the receiver understands the message in the way you intended. Professionally, this allows proper procedures to be executed correctly and on time, increasing productivity and saving money. Personally, it prevents misunderstandings and can enrich relationships. Understanding strategies for effective communication such as listening, focusing on the others in the process, and asking questions for clarification all improve your chances for effective communication. You can also make your message effective by; * * Provide practical information * Give facts rather than vague impression * Present information in a concise, efficient manner * Clarify expectations and responsibilities * Offer Compelling, persuasive arguments and recommendation While ineffective...
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...sneaker industry is booming, but if it was not for one particular company that started the sneaker product, who really knows how much of an impact sneakers would have on billions of people. All sneaker companies need to recognize and appreciate Marquis M. Converse for creating Converse sneakers, which 60 percent of Americans own or have owned. Our group has a new marketing plan that we want to implement so that this company can get back to being one of the leading sneaker retailers in the world. Background It was in 1908 when in his late 30’s that Marquis Converse, who was a manager at a footwear manufacturing firm, opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company in Malden, MA. Originally he began selling winterized rubber soled footwear for men, women and children. In 1915 after producing 4,000 pairs of shoes daily, Marquis began manufacturing athletic shoes for tennis. Two years later he designed and produced the world’s first performance basketball shoe called the Converse All Star. The new Converse All Star shoe helped revolutionize basketball. Synonymous with Converse sneakers is a logo on the shoes with the name Chuck Taylor. You may wonder why that appears on every sneaker and who is Chuck Taylor? Chuck Taylor was a basketball player for the Akron Firestones who sported the Converse All Star shoes while he introduced the game of basketball to Americans across the country. In 1921 he joined Converse to become the first player endorser. Two...
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...presents its premier sporting event (the season final) of every year in a major city of the United States. 2.0 Situation Analysis 2.1 Market Summary Rookie Bowl could be operated as a pre Super Bowl event which is worth more than 4 million. Nowadays, events like Super Bowl, NBA All Stars are becoming a big market of advertisments and a deep pool of winter money. Budweiser, as beer brand of the U.S. is a suitable sponsor of all beer beverage provider at the stadium. Automobiles manufacturers, Network carriers (AT&T, T-mobile, or Verizon) are eager to release their special ads for this special event. H&M released its new advertisement that starred by David Beckham about Men’s underwear at the break of Super Bowl this year. As we can see here, although Rookie Bowl is a smaller scaled competition but it is still constituted by League players who are encouraged to become famous at such a night by performing a wonderful game without saving their efforts. 2.2 SWOT Analysis 2.2.1. Strength First of all, it costs less than operating a big event like Super Bowl. It costs less to broadcast by various TV broadcasters, like CBS, TNT or ABC, one or two specific broadcasters or cable companies can license the live. Secondly, it still attracts a lot of audiences because it is played by League Rookie players who mostly drafted from College football teams. People would like to enjoy more furious competition performed by young people, who are trained with professional skills...
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