...Homework due in Week 6 QUESTION 1: Outline why the culture of a country influences the costs of doing business in that country. Illustrate your answer with examples. When there are simply different norms between how individuals from different countries interact, the costs of doing business rise as people grapple with unfamiliar ways of doing business. For example, while in the US we may get down to business first and then get to know each other socially later. In many South American countries, it is important develop a good social relationship before trying to discuss business issues. Different class structures and social mobility also raise the costs of doing business, if there are inhibitions against working with people from different class, then the efficiency with which information can flow may be limited and the cost of running a business increased. A country’s religion can also affect the costs of business, as religious values can affect attitudes towards work, entrepreneurship, honesty, fairness, and social responsibility. In Hindu societies where the pursuit of material well-being can be viewed as making spiritual well being less likely, worker productivity may be lower than in nations with other religious beliefs. Finally, a country's education system can have important implications for the costs of business. In countries where workers receive excellent training and are highly literate, the need for specific worker training programs are decreased and the hiring...
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...Page 1 of 8 ANZMAC 2009 Indian Restaurants and Sydneysiders: A Perceptual Study Mohammed A Razzaque*, The University of New South Wales; ma.razzaque@unsw.edu.au Abstract Multi-culturism of the contemporary Australian society is well reflected in the diversity of ethnic cuisines available here. This study examines how Australian consumers perceive the quality of food and service in Indian restaurants in Sydney. Findings reveal that perceptions of various ethnic groups have similarities as well differences of likings as well as dislikes. Key words: attitude, behaviour, decision, perception. ANZMAC 2009 Indian Restaurants and Sydneysiders: A Perceptual Study Introduction and Literature Review Love for culinary diversity is perhaps the most globalised phenomenon. Food markets were the first to become globally integrated, linking distant cultures of the world (Nutzenadel and Trentmann 2008, Sharpless 1999). Restaurants in the West have been serving ethnic foods much before the debut of global fast food chains such as McDonald. Many Westerners seem to have developed a taste for ethnic cuisines as alternatives to their traditional food (Josaim and Monteiro 2004). Chinese and Indian cuisines formed the basis of the first cultural shift in eating for the UK consumers as early as the 1960’s (Mintel Group, 2006). Over the years, Indian cuisine has become the most popular cuisine in the UK (Lloyd and Mitchinson 2006). Ethnic restaurants have also become very...
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...Introduction India is amongst the ancient civilizations with rich historical legacies and cultural traditions. It shares a border with seven countries namely; Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This denotes the diversity it has within its mainstream culture and subcultures, in terms of language, religion, ethnicity and mindset. It is a nation of extensive inconsistencies, with its emergence in the global market as opposed to its restricted economy of labour, capital and knowledge. However these inconsistencies are caused by the contradictory national and managerial mindset goes on to the confidence Indians have in their abilities and future. Bever et al (2005) found, in a study by McKinskey Quaterly, that Indian managers tend to be more optimistic as compared to the others, whereas in reality, it has been seen in only a few industries and corporations. The reason for these inconsistencies could be due to the history and culture behind the management styles. For instance, they are shaped by family dominance, rigid bureaucracy in government structures, and absence of professionalism in managers. Some areas that need attention are ethical indecency, labour laws and human resource management that should be attended. Also of equal consideration is the protectionist culture inspired by socialist economics, which was formed after independence in 1947, when the government-bred regulations fenced the influx of foreign opposition. It created inefficiencies and...
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...Dusk over Atlantic Wharf 1. Summary of Dusk over Atlantic Wharf: Dusk Over Atlantic Wharf, is a short story about a young Indian couple named Anuj and Lata, who lives in Cardiff in Wales. Anuj has been living in Cardiff for Six years, and his wife, Lata, have just arrived to Cardiff for few months ago. The beginning of the story takes place in their apartment, where we meet the two main characters Anuj and Lata. Anuj are laying on the carpet, when Lata asked him to visit a new Indian restaurant so they can do something together. He decides that they should go out, and see a film. The film is filmed in Lata´s home town. She gets so exited when she sees the streets of her childhood, that she forget to see what actually was happening in the film. She starts to comment about the places and stores in the film, which annoys Anuj. When they walk over the road to their car, after the film is over, Lata gets sad and begin to cry because the film reminds her about how much she miss India and all her good memories with her family and friends. 2. Lata and her relationship to Anuj: The relationship between Anuj and Lata is complicated, because they don´t have known each other for more than a few months. It´s an arranged marriage, which is quiet normal in the Indian culture. They don’t know each other well, but they both hopes, that someday they will fall in love with each other. Lata is missing her home town in India, because her friends and family is back in India. I get the...
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...THE EUROPEAN EXPLORATION JIMA JARQUIN MIAMI DADE COLLEGE In the 1400s Ming China was the most powerful, richest, and most advanced society in the world. Silks, spices, and ceramics were goods that Eurasia desired and were provided by China. Islamic empires were also very powerful the Ottomans set in during the 1400s and 1500s, and took over the center of commerce and trade routes between Europe and Asia. There was no strong, centralized political authority. A world where the kings where weak, violence, robbery, rape, death would occur with to much frequency. What led to the Age of European Exploration and Conquest? Many factor such as Religion, gold, ivory and spices, as well as adventurous voyagers from different...
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...webs.bcp.org Early Modern Empires (1500-1800) Introduction Before we learn about the unlikely and apparently rapid rise of The West during the 19th and 20th centuries, it’s important to understand the powerful empires of the early modern world between 1500 and 1800. Some readers may be surprised to learn about the wealth, thriving global trade, and dominant manufacturing production in Asia that held sway until at least the end of the 18th century. Throughout much of this era, Europe was, in contrast to Asia, an unimpressive backwater of small countries and kingdoms. But Europe’s “discovery” of the Americas and an ocean route to Asia, just before the year 1500, changed all that. The West gradually worked its way into the global economy and planted the seeds for its imperial rise and eventual dominance over most of the modern world. After 1500, world regions—such as West Africa, East Asia, and South America—fused together into one global trade system. For the first time in history, each region of the world now interacted with the others. For example, enslaved African labor was used in South American plantations to sell cheap sugar to Europe. Silver from Mexico bought loans for Spain, and that same silver ended up in China to buy silk or porcelain for Europeans. And so on. A new global system emerged, forged of uneven relationships, in which a small part of the world, Europe, successfully exploited the world’s human and natural resources to its advantage. This was Globalization...
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...1) Between the years 1500 and 1800, what were the most important key events or forces that ultimately allowed the Europeans to establish authority in India? In the years between 1500 and 1800, there were many factors and events that led too the strong grasp of European influence and authority in India. In this time period, an international revolution in maritime trade exploded in Europe with the rise of sea power and advancements in navigation and ship building. Many European countries were attracted to India’s wealth of spices, silk, and raw materials and were in competition to exploit them and sell at high prices in Europe. The Mughal Empire in India had a great land army, however, did not possess any degree of marine warfare, and were ignorant and indifferent to the European threats. The Mughal Empire, in control of India at this time, were spread out too thin with many rulers and were not united to handle the onslaught of European influence. The fall of the Mughal Empire in concert with the rise of European power can be described by two main events, with the fall of the structured trade with the ruin of the great Mughal port of Surat, and the possession of the Diwani of Bengal by Britian that gave them economic control in India. All these factors combined to India’s exploitation and soon to administrative authority by European forces. The revolution of international martime trade and the rise of European sea power, the fall of the Mughal trade, and the British grasp...
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...The African Diaspora involves the coerced migration of millions of people from Western and Central Africa to different regions throughout the Americas and the Caribbean during the Transatlantic Slave Trade from the 1500 to 1800s. Although dispersed scattered, enslaved Africans managed to retain their traditions thus creating new forms of culture to adapt to their new world. The South American country of Brazil has a long history of involvement in the slave trade and, as a consequence, the formation of Brazilian society was largely shaped by the African Diaspora. The African presence in Brazil left a relevant mark on the culture; specifically the introduction of new African foods and dishes to the regional cuisine. Africans who came to the shores of Brazil on slave ships brought with them their own food like watermelon, okra, and yams but the strongest influence came via cooks who ran the kitchens of plantations, bringing their own African cooking techniques and knowledge of spices to Brazilian tables. One of the main ingredients in local dishes of African origin is dendê oil, a strong and orange-colored palm oil, made from the fruit of a palm tree brought to Brazil by African slaves. Afro-Brazilian cuisine, most noticed at the center location of the slave trade in the state of Bahia, features malagueta (chili peppers), seafood, banana, coconut milk and okra.These ingredients are used in the most popular Bahian dishes such as Vatapá, a creamy dish served over rice containing...
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...The historic period of exploration started in the 1400s. Many navigators are known for exploring parts of the globe. Christopher Columbus is known for discovering the Americas in 1492 . Jacques Cartier found Canada by sailing up the ST Lawrence river and claimed it for France in 1534 . Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered Brazil in the 1500s . The main reason these explorations started was to find direct trade routes to Asia. They were looking for Asia because at that time it was the land of spices and precious stones. Spices were some of the most valuable possession that a wealthy individual could have. Spices were only affordable by the wealthy people of the population. A kilo of spices would be more expensive than its weight in gold. Therefor...
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...Exploration 1500-1700 Trident University Module –Case 1 The fifteenth century was a time of great advances, so much so that this period is called the Age of Discovery. The European sailors and ships left the coastal waters of the lands they knew to embark upon adventures in the unknown “green sea of darkness”. It began with the Portuguese and was soon followed by British, French, and Dutch ships who eventually set out to explore what became known as the “New World”. There were many reasons that motivated these cultures to set out into the unknown but the most compelling reasons included gold, religion and the drive to explore and expand territory. The first motive was wealth. Although Genghis Khan was best known for his bloody legacy, he had done wonders to improve the trade across Eurasia. He provided the security for travelers to cross what is now known as the Silk Road. This trade route extended over 5000 miles on land and sea with interconnected trade routes that connected with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean. The world had developed a taste for the spices and silks that had been brought back by the crusaders, and now men saw this as an opportunity to make their fortune. They traveled the Silk Road to bring back to the items that were in great demand and brought a large profit (Rossabi, n.d.). However, the Mongol empire eventually fell. China became Buddhist and a rising Islamic threat shut down travel on the Silk Road. Trade was restricted...
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...meters. Parts of Holland were thus below sea level. Unfortunately for the farmers, these low-lying areas were too wet to grow grain. The farmers then decided to graze cows, so they could use the cows for meat or the production of butter and cheese. This transition to cattle breeding was possible because Dutch schippers imported grain from areas around the Baltic Sea. This trade was settled through the city of Amsterdam, which was then bloomed by the increasing number of residents. As this grain trade went smoothly, more and more cereals could be supplied. In a period of one century, 1500-1600, the grain trade increased by the Baltic Sea....
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...Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer; who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. He was sailing, hoping to find a route to India to trade spices. He made four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492 – 1504. He figured, if he sails left of the world he can arrive to India faster. Firstly, Christopher Columbus sailed for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain. On this first trip, Christopher Columbus sailed on three ships. He sailed with the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Each ship had a captain and 90 crew members. They set sail on August 3, 1492 from Palos, Spain. On October 11, 1492 they landed on the Caribbean Islands off Southeastern North America. They landed on a Island they called San Salvador. While exploring the Islands the met the Taino Indians. Most of them were captured by Columbus’ men for slavery. Christopher Columbus returned home to Spain on the Nina. Secondly, one the second trip ( September 25, 1493 – June 11, 1496), Christopher Columbus, traveled back with seventeen ships and twelve hundred to fifteen hundred men to find gold and capture the Indians; and make them slaves. They sailed around Hispaniola, and Southern Cuba. They found an Island, and named it Dominica; on November 3, 1493. On his third trip, ( May 30, 1498 – October 1500 ), Christopher Columbus sailed south, to Trinidad and Venezuela. He was the first European to set foot on the mainland of America; since the Vikings. On...
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...which attracted scientists. The Netherlands became the financial centre of Europe. The reason for this was because they became very big and the most popular trader and had little interest in seeing trade adopted few mercantilist policies. Dutch architecture was greatly improved in the Golden Age. Cities grew and the economy did as well. New buildings were built. Castles and stately homes were built but most didn't make it. Marine insurance and investment funds were also innovations. The part on the North Sea had very little to work with. They won their independence from Spain in the late 1500s. In the 1600s was the best time for the Netherlands and was then called the Golden Age, in...
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...SPICE Summaries Social During the maritime revolution, there were many conquerors and explorers that played a huge role in society. Zheng He was a Muslim eunuch who was sent out to voyage by the Ming emperor, Yongle. In the Atlantic Ocean the greatest mariners were the vikings. Arawak were Amerindians who settled in greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Henry the Navigator was the prince of Portugal who promoted navigation and led voyages across the African coast. Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama were Portuguese explorers who led expeditions through the oceans. Christopher Colombus was the leader of the Spanish mission that took place overseas. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator who led Spanish expeditions. Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors. Hernan Cortes was one of them and he led the Aztec Mexicans conquest for Spain. Moctezuma II was an Aztec emperor who was in custody of Cortes. Atahualpa was an...
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...The causes and effects of European Exploration were many and varied. Europeans did many things and reached many different places. Since Gold and Glory was on of the things all European Explorers wanted, the strived to find big and bold things. They wanted to settle in the new lands and find far away places that nobody had discovered before. The explorers wanted to find a way to Asia for riches. They also wanted fame and to get silk and spices. Some of the spices they wanted to find were Ginger, Nutmeg, Cloves, Cinnamon, Pepper, and many others. Some luxury items they wanted were gold, silver, porcelains, and tea. Because of religion people were forced to go to what they call “The Americas.” Explorers wanted to escape from England because of...
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