...GCSE English Language 2010 Studying Spoken Language The newest and potentially most exciting area of the new GCSE specifications is the Studying Spoken Language section of the Controlled Assessment for GCSE English Language. The focus of this unit is investigative, asking candidates to explore their own spoken language and/or that of others, including perhaps spoken language in media and technologies such as internet messaging services. Sample Controlled Assessment tasks are available online so that you can see the type of tasks that will be set. All of the tasks are fairly open-ended so that you can help individual students tailor their research to suit their interests and the type of data available to them. One of the teachers who has done a trial of the new unit said, ‘the tasks were greeted with enthusiasm and the ability to connect what we were exploring to the wider context. The tasks lead to independent study which meant there was a good deal of ownership for the students.’ 8 Teachers who have trialled the unit have given us some very useful feedback on which we can base further support. One important point is that giving enough time and thought to the initial data collection pays dividends in terms of the level of analysis which students can carry out. The script and commentary on the following pages are examples of the further resources you can see online at http://web.aqa.org.uk/englishLangA These are provided to demonstrate ways...
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...games! A Wittgensteinian analysis of modern hip hop culture and language! Running Head: RAP GAMES! 2 Rap games - a Wittgensteinian analysis of modern hip hop culture and language! Introduction For new listeners many hip hop songs will be almost incomprehensible due to the language used. Yet seasoned listeners will be able to explain new songs without much thought. I take this to suggest that the language of hip hop resembles language games as per Wittgenstein’s view. In this short essay, I set out to explain this statement. Firstly, the hip hop culture is discussed together with the characteristics of the language used in hip hop culture. Next the explained culture is analysed using Wittgenstein’s theory as based on his Philosophical Investigations.! In order to analyse the culture properly, it is necessary to somewhat limit the scope of this essay. The “rap games” mentioned in the title refer (in this case) to the communicative aspect of rap music. More so than other music, rap songs refer and react to other rap artists, songs and expressions. The ways in which these reactions manifest itself in rap music and language are the focus of this essay. ! Hip hop culture and language Hip hop consists of different types of expression, but this essay only looks at the one most relevant to our discussion, namely rap. Rap consists of “the aesthetic placement of verbal rhymes over musical beats” (Alim, 2001, p. 272). In essence it is similar to musically spoken poetry, but it is distinct...
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... Alexander’s publications on spoken language in learning and teaching up to February 2015. It starts with observational and discourse studies undertaken in the north of England during the 1980s and early 1990s. Then follows the Culture and Pedagogy international study out of which Alexander’s approach to dialogic teaching developed. Towards Dialogic Teaching presents this approach in detail, and Essays on Pedagogy extends the dialogic principle into wider aspects of education, reasserting the importance of an international perspective. Next come evaluation reports from two of the UK local authorities with whose teachers Robin Alexander has worked. The bibliography also includes relevant articles and book chapters. It ends with the 2010 final report of the Cambridge Primary Review, which gives dialogue prominence not only in pedagogy but also among education’s guiding principles; the 2012 DfE paper that persuaded the UK government to take spoken language more seriously in...
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...The essay paper (200 marks) in the civil services main examination is crucial in determining the final outcome/ selection and ranking. It is critical because it is a compulsory paper and its score is incorporated in computing the total. It is decisive because there is no specialisation in an essay and so no aspirant can not claim expertise, unlike optional subjects. Finally, an essay is a paper, which does not have a reservoir of definitive information as in the case of general studies. All this constitutes a challenge. It is vital to understand that an essay is a reflection of the personality - ideas, views, analysis, assessments and inferences, values, attitude, aptitude, orientation and communication (written) abilities, all the attributes that are wanted by UPSC in an aspirant. An essay is considered a complete composition. The essentials of essay writing would be the format (framework, structure), information (content, substance), language (expression, presentation), and logic (analysis and information). The conventional design of looking at essay writing in terms of the introduction, body and conclusion is only the format. Although, this is fundamental to essay writing, the concept of an essay is quite intricate. An essay is expected to be a topical text that is self-explanatory and comprehensive, concise, composite and unambiguous, informative and logical. For every effective composition one should ideally begin with clarifying the purpose of the composition...
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...ICOM101 Major Essay Does Media Discourse Reproduce Social Inequality? Student Name : Pratama Robin Rachel Discourse denotes to the various forms of representation, codes, habits, conventions associated with language are responsible for producing specific culturally and historically located meanings. Media discourse can be described as an interaction through a media platform with the help of verbal or non-verbal communication. It has been found that media can potentially influence the public. The objective of this essay is to find out the role of media discourse in reproducing social inequality. In order to meet this objective, in the following sections the concept of discourse is explained vividly along with its style of operations. A relationship between media discourse and social inequality will be established in this essay. Discourse can be referred to the manner or way of communication between individuals or group. Discourse plays a major role in determining how an individual will understand and interpret a specific thing based upon ideas, thoughts and beliefs. According to Michel Focault, discourse is an entity of sequences, codes and signs in that they are enouncements. Media discourse includes various media outlets such as radio, television, newspaper, magazine, internet etc. The inevitable power of media has been discussed in discourse studies. Many research studies have shown that media plays an important role in influencing the thought process of individuals...
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...The two authors of "Ain't I a Woman" and "The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action" have described the rights of women and also represented to speak up for them. In both essays, the topic of race and the manner of respective for women are both discussed. Sojourner Truth, the author of "Ain't I a Woman", was speaking to the women's rights convention on her experiences and sufferings were just not only a woman in the society that day but as a black woman. She used her own personal experience and Biblical references to connect with the audience and incite both on a personal and emotional level. By sharing personal experiences, using the repetitive language, and making the references in the Bible, Sojourner Truth has connected her emotional with the audience to effectively call a sense of power to overcome racial inequality and gender. "Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed, and planted, and...
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...Module Code & Title:ed1045The Language of Multilingual Communities | Student Number:U1214407 | Date Due: | Assessment Word Count:2000 +/- 10% | Actual Word Count:1835 | Please reflect on your experiences in carrying out this assignment and complete the statements below. 1. In the process of doing the assignment I learned how to phrase questions to the informant and how to analyse the information given. | 2. What I found most difficult was maintain academic structure. | 3. I think the strength of this submission is the research done to gain an insight into the experiences of multilingual individuals. | 4. Feed forward – in future I will focus on the following areas in order to progress… | 5. What are you bringing forward from previous feedback that informs this work… | 6. Other comments | | By submitting this work, I acknowledge that I am fully aware of the following matters:- I. That the coursework deadlines are measured by the clock device in the Turnitin submission portal. II. That coursework submitted after the deadline will be marked as LATE. III. The instructions for carrying out this assignment. IV. The criteria by which this assignment will be marked. V. That I have the sole responsibility of ensuring that the work submitted is complete. VI. That I understand that failure to comply with UEL’s examination and assessment regulations will be considered grounds for failure in this coursework and potentially the programme...
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...For this assessment I have been required to compare English with another language. I have decided to choose Mandarin as my language of choice. A major elements of languages will be compared in this essay. That being phonology. Phonology is defined as being “the study of the way speech sounds form patterns”.(Victoria Fromkin 2009). As (Hammond 1999) describes, every spoken language has a unique system whereby sounds are organised. This unique pattern of pattern can be termed phonology and varies widely in geographical and social differences. English is the most widely spoken language in the world with up to a total of up to 1.8 billion speakers in the world.(Lewis 2009) It is generally regarded as being the international language or lingua-franca of the world. English is the official language for Australia, New Zealand, England, America and Canada. It is also the joint or semi-official language for many other countries. Each of these countries English differs slightly in phonology and there even exists regional differences inside these countries but in this essay Australian English will be used as the standard. Australian English consists of 24 consonants and 20 vowels, 12 being monophthongs and 8 being diphthongs. Below are charts with the list of consonants and vowels. (http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/CILL/ipa.htm) All these sounds...
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...literature important? Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Generally, most people have their own ideas of what literature is. When enrolling in a literary course at university, you expect that everything on the reading list will be “literature”. Similarly, you might expect everything by a known author to be literature, even though the quality of that author's work may vary from publication to publication. Perhaps you get an idea just from looking at the cover design on a book whether it is “literary” or “pulp”. Literature then, is a form of demarcation, however fuzzy, based on the premise that all texts are not created equal. Some have or are given more value than others. Most forays into the question of “what is literature” go into how literature works with the reader, rather than how the author set about writing it. It is the reception, rather than the writing, which is the object of enquiry. Largely, what we call “literature” is often a subjective value judgment, and naturally, value judgments, like literary tastes, will change. Etymologically, literature has to do with letters, the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature. As...
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...Ivarsson English 100 – 19 Professor Fisher Essay 4 – draft one December 9, 2014 Intro: The world we live in today is far more globalized than that of our previous generation. Before social media and other instant forms of communication existed, people did not need to worry about speaking a different language or the way it was spoken. Dialects and accents had little meaning because of the barriers that surrounded each community prohibited the inhabitants of much interaction with people from other societies. Today however, people can speak with each other regardless of location, which emphasizes the importance of the power of language. The negative consequences that come from this is that those who do not master a language perfectly or differ from perfect speech are discriminated against in the general community. A phenomenon, which writer Gloria Anzaldúa, who wrote the article “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” calls “Linguistic Terrorism.” According to her, linguistic terrorism negates not only the speaker, but also the experiences and culture behind that person (Anzaldúa). Thesis: Although language can be used as a tool of power, the use of faulty and imprecise language negates the speaker and causes negative consequences. Body 1, Tan: An accent is an example of imprecise English, which causes people to make negative or positive assumptions about the speaker based on the information that accent reveals. Example: In Amy Tan´s essay “Mother Tongue,” she provides an example...
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...Eating Sugar The short story written by Catherine Merriman named ”Eating Sugar, was originally published in ”Getting a life”, Honno, in 2001. A third person narrator tells the short story and furthermore the narrator is omniscient. It seems to me that the time is not important in this short story. On the contrary the environment, the surroundings, are described into details. In this analysis I have chosen to focus on the description of the surroundings, a short analysis of Eileen and Alex and their relation, an analysis of the title “Eating Sugar” in comparison with the contents of the short story. Furthermore I have chosen to take the extract of the essay “A Small Place” and the picture “Tourists 2” into perspective. Finally I will discuss the globalization of the English language in the world today. In the short story we meet a family of three, Alex, the father, Eileen, the mother and their daughter Suzanne. Eileen works as a teacher in Thailand, where they live, and the moment she gets her Thai New Year holiday they decide to become tourists. They go on a trip with other holidaying Thais but when they decide to leave the paradise the small British family of three decide to stay so that they can have the small paradise to themselves. Alex and Eileen have been together most of their lives at least since the 1970s. Together they have tried LSD and they have also travelled to Yugoslavia hitchhiking - long-haired innocents as Alex himself calls it. Alex starts...
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...Literature is a term that does not have a universally accepted definition, but which has variably included all written work; writing that possesses literary merit; and language that foregrounds literariness, as opposed to ordinary language. Etymologically the term derives from Latin literatura/litteratura "writing formed with letters", although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction, and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods, or according to their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations . Literature may consist of texts based on factual information, a category that may also include polemical works, biographies, and reflective essays, or it may consist of texts based on imagination . Literature written in poetry emphasizes the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as sound, symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, ordinary meanings, while literature written in prose applies ordinary grammatical structure and the natural flow of speech. Literature can also be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. While the concept of genre has broadened over the centuries, in general, a genre consists of artistic works that fall within a certain central theme;...
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...English 1020-L22 November 3, 2013 Cultural Analysis-“From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” “From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” is an essay written by Min-Zhan Lu, in which she describes the effects, both positive and negative, she experienced while trying to obtain somewhat of a balance, between the learning techniques and language forced on to her and her sisters by their parents, and the education and language taught and enforced by their country, China. Lu describes the emotional strain, confusion, and the political persecution she experienced, beginning at the young, tender age of four years old, the year after the Communist Revolution of 1949. For many years, the only memories Lu had were of the many hardships she faced during the years of getting her education, which made it difficult to recall the benefits of her education. While writing this essay, Lu was forced to reflect over these particular years of her life and the effects it had on her, both good and bad. She finally realized that as hard as it was to endure these hardships, personal benefits resulted from these difficult times as well. Lu explains her revelation by stating, “My understanding of my education was so dominated by memories of confusion and frustration that I was unable to reflect on what I could have gained from it” (148). One of the benefits Lu gained was growth, in both her reading and writing skills, by persevering through the confusion and frustration during that time. ...
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...Campsall Here's how to write your best essay ever... Whatever the essay you have been asked to write, the key to making it as effective as it can be is to write it as a wellstructured and well-supported argument. You will find that an ‘argument’ essay is easier to plan, more fulfilling to write and for your teacher (or the examiner)... a pleasure to mark (and that’s no bad thing!!). It’s important to get one thing out of the way at the outset: an essay question has no ‘right’ answer. You can breathe easy on that one. It’s just not like that. This is English and we leave those kinds of ‘right answers’ to the mathematicians and scientists. An English essay is not an ‘answer’ in that way at all, rather, it’s an informed opinion; but, like all opinions, it’ll require explanation, argument and support. It requires you to argue your case. What’s the first thing you do when you set about starting an essay? Many people start by searching through the text on which their essay is based in the hope of finding suitable quotations to help ‘answer’ the essay question. Well, there’s no getting away from this basic process, but there are ways to make it altogether more efficient, useful and most importantly, more likely to earn a higher grade. More on this later. The Argument Essay The secret of a good essay? Write it as an argument for what you believe! What is there to argue about? Plenty! You’ll be arguing to support your point of view on the essay question - one that you’ve boldly stated...
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...edu Essay Topic #2 In light of reading the essays “Dumpster Diving” or “Serving in Florida” analyze your own understanding of homelessness, poverty and making a living with minimum wage in the U.S. You might consider whether the essay(s) changed preconceived notions that you had? Compare these preconceived notions to what you learned through the experiences of either Eighner or Ehrenreich. The following are topics and thesis statements on “Dumpster Diving” or “Serving in Florida.” Please feel free to use these topics and/or the accompanying thesis statements “as is” or with your own modifications: • How Eighner discussed such an informal topic in a formal way: Lars Eighner's discussion of dumpster diving is very methodical, intelligent and polished in contrast to the subject matter of digging through the trash. • Eighner’s attitude toward his lifestyle: Lars Eighner's account of dumpster diving was surprisingly positive given the fact that he is homeless. • The common problems of an employee: Although Barbara Ehrenreich set out to discuss the life of a minimum wage worker specifically, her experience was universal to most working class people. • Problems specific to minimum wage workers: Barbara Ehrenreich's essay "Serving in Florida" revealed the daily struggle of a minimum wage worker in America. General Essay Reminders: Essays are to be submitted via hard copy and electronically on the date due. A plagiarized essay will result...
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