...the years following World War I sport had " its first million-dollar prizefights, and the adulation of sports heroes rose to the point almost of national hysteria". As World War I came to a close, however, the " Golden People" were anything but. The horrible devastation of the war and its terrible new weapons had shattered the idealistic notions of the Progressive reformers. The decade of the 1920s was termed the "Golden Age of Sports", and the media's creation of sport heroes during this time provided a stabilizing influence in a rapidly changing American culture. Sports stars were lionized as All-American types who exemplified American cultural values. The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame represented the American ideology of spirit, teamwork, and assimilation of diverse groups within society. Babe Ruth, the most famous of all the athletic heroes, symbolized the American dream, the land of opportunity and meritocracy, where one could succeed despite humble origins. The depiction of such heroes presented a more homogenous culture and solidified an American cultural identity, but it also masked social tensions inherent in the United States in the aftermath of World War I and during the Great Depression and World War II The media's role in constructing a popular culture- The new communication medium of radio became commonplace in the 1920s and contributed to the publicizing of athletic heroes, as announcers dramatized and sensationalized sports events for remote audiences. While...
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...How Sports Evolved Recreation Programming Professor Newton 05/10/2013 Whether you have engage in sports in your leisure time, watch as a spectator or played on a professional level sports are major source of entertainment in the world. The earliest historical account of sports date all the way backs to BC time. A sport is defined as an activity involving physical or mental exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another. The ten most popular sports in the world are Football/ Soccer, cricket, tennis, hockey, baseball, table tennis, volleyball, rugby, and golf. In the United States motor sports, pro- wrestling, and martial arts are also popular. Sports are usually governed by rules and regulations to ensure fair competition and ensure the adjudication of a winner though fairness was not always a common practice especially in the ancient world. The history of sport can teach us about the social changes with society. In ancient times it was not uncommon for humans to die during sport events. For at least seven hundred years entire villages participated in violent combat sports such as fencing and jousting. The Romans were especially known for this with the gladiatorial games and chariot racing. These types of sports would almost always leave an opponent seriously or fatally injured. In ancient Greece most sports took place during the funeral games during the Mycenaean period. Such games have been described in Greek mythology like the Iliad and Odyssey...
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...Supervised by Bershattskaya S.A. Ulyanovsk 2015 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1. Baseball 4 2. Basketball 5 3. American football 6 4. Ice hockey 7 5. Soccer 8 6. Other popular sports 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 INTRODUCTION Americans pay much attention to physical fitness. Many sports and sporting activities are popular in the USA. People participate in swimming, skating, squash and badminton, tennis, marathons, track-and-field, bowing, archery, skiing, skating etc. But the five major American sports are hockey, volleyball, baseball, football and basketball. Basketball and volleyball have been invented in America. There is a large choice of sports in America. This can be explained by the size and variety of the country. Another reason of the popularity of sports is the people’s love of competition of any kind. One more reason is that Americans use sports activities for teaching socials values, such as teamwork and sportsmanship. All this explains why Americans have traditionally done well in many kinds of sports. Every high school offers its students many sports, such as wrestling, rowing, tennis and golf. There are no separate “universities” for sports in the USA. Students of any higher educational establishment are trained in different kinds of sports. Many colleges and universities are famous for their sports clubs. There are sports facilities...
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...PROFESSIONAL SPORTS The Financial Status of Professional Sports Growth of Professional Sports Major Leagues Minor Leagues State of Women’s Professional Sports Leagues Other Successful Sports Properties The Economic Reality of Professional Sports Team Financial Statements Controlling Player Costs National Football League National Basketball Association Major League Baseball National Hockey League European Soccer’s Path to Financial Health: UEFA’s Financial Fair Play Creative Accounting Roster Depreciation Allowance Franchise Appreciation Summary The Financial Status of Professional Sports Growth of Professional Sports Major Leagues The 1990s and early 2000s was a period of substantial growth for professional sports at all levels. The number of teams in the Big 4 major leagues grew from 103 franchises in 1989 to 122 franchises by 2001. During that time, the National Hockey League (NHL) added eight expansion teams, Major League Baseball (MLB) added four, the National Football League (NFL) added three, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) added five teams. In addition, several new leagues were launched in the 1990s with aspirations of becoming prominent national properties, most notably Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). By 2001, each of the Big 4 leagues had reached a saturation point, having established franchises in nearly every market capable of sustaining a major sports property...
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...ODC S1 2015, Professor J. W, Webster University Introduction With the recent public backlash over the National Football League’s handling of domestic violence issues with its players, the League’s ethical policies and social responsibility behaviors are being highly scrutinized. It is an example of a highly successful, profitable company that has revealed itself to have a disparity between the social responsibility programs and ethical policies it has in place, and the degree to which it enforces them. Like most companies, is the NFL is at risk of decreasing profit margins in favor of ‘doing the right thing’? This paper will review the recent issues for which the NFL has come under fire, define corporate social responsibility programs, explain what measures the NFL is currently undertaking to rectify its public image problems, and explore the conflict that the National Football League, like any company, may experience with enforcing such measures. Discussion In 2014, NFL player Ray Rice was suspended by the League for two games, a suspension received as the result of the NFL discovering he’d perpetrated an act of domestic violence against his then fiancée, Janay. After the matter had been ‘settled’ by the League, news magazine TMZ obtained a video tape of the actual domestic violence incident from the casino where it took place. The tape clearly showed the football player punching his wife in the face which caused her to lose consciousness, and then showed Rice dragging...
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...Synergies football masculin et féminin : vers un nouveau modèle stratégique pour les clubs professionnels européens ? Authors: Emmanuel Bayle, Emilie Jaccard et Philippe Vonnard. Institut des sciences du sport (ISSUL), Université de Lausanne, Suisse Abstract: Introduction: Le football féminin est en pleine expansion et reconnaissance. Il est perçu comme un lévier impoprtant pour les fédérations nationales et pour l’UEFA en terme de nouveaux publics, de marketing et de valeurs (synonyme d’un football plus « responsable »). Au sein des grands clubs européens se cotoient le plus souvent des équipes féminines et masculines, entraînant des synergies dans des domaines variés, que nous avons tenté de les analyser dans le cadre de cette recherche. Methods: Ces synergies au sein des clubs mixtes européens ont été analysées à partir d’un cadre d’analyse construit de manière ad hoc. Celui-ci s’appuie sur une approche par les stratégies d’acteurs en fonction du contexte national et local, ainsi que sur six domaines de focntionnement interne des deux sections. La collecte de données a été réalisée auprès de 14 grands clubs mixtes européens répartis dans 9 pays européens aux cultures très différentes (France : Olympique Lyonnais et Paris-St.-Germain FC ; Angleterre : Birmingham City LFC et Arsenal Ladies FC ; République Tchèque : SK Slavia Praha et AC Sparta Praha ; Allemagne : SC Freiburg et Vfl Wolfsburg ; Belgique : Standard Fémina de Liège ; Pays-Bas : Ado den Haag ; Danemark :...
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... |3 | |History of british sport |5 | |Sports invented in Great Britain |6 | |Framework of sport in Britain. |10 | |Modern Sport in Great Britain: Structure, Administration, Funding, Popularity, Sport media and Diseases. |13 | |Elite level sport |15 | |6.1. Elite level team sports |15 | |6.2. Elite level individual sports |22 | |6.3. Elite level equestrian sports |25 | |Great Britain at the Olympics |26 | |Disability sport...
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...[pic]Company Strategy Product & Pricing Puma’s primary product line includes footwear, focusing on sports and lifestyle. Although they also posses a variety of clothing for men, women, and children, along with assorted accessories. Within Puma’s footwear are included a variety of running shoes, sneakers, boots, and athletic footwear. The pricing for men, women, and kids, which includes brands like Ferrari, BMW, and Ducati are as follows (www.shop.puma.com): • Men and women sneakers, running shoes, and boots run from $24 to $135 • Kid’s footwear $21 to $70 • Men and women Soccer footwear and cleats range from $30 up to $200 • Men and women Golf shoes $80 to $250 • Motorsport footwear for men and women go from $47.50 to $130 • Ballerina shoes from $35 up to $95 • Men sandals cost between $30 and $37.50 Incorporated in Puma’s product collection also lies a selection of clothing and accessories. Their clothing collection include jackets, t-shirts, hoodies, sweaters, pants shorts, dresses, tanks, under garments, skirts, outerwear, and polos. Pricing for these range from $14 to $500, encompassing brands like BMW, Ferrari, Oracle, and Wilderness. Also incorporated to this selection are accessories, such as hats, bags, golf bags, totes, backpacks, watches, tech accessories, socks, and belts that price from $8 to $180. Golf bags being the most expensive. Puma is associated with a variety of collections throughout their footwear, clothing, and accessory lines, that consists...
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...Cordeiro, along with his newly formed staff team in the U.S. Soccer Federation must use their 100 million dollar surplus to stop making soccer in the United States an elite sport for players. Soccer must become a grassroots and inner city sport available to all youth coming from all types of demographics. Cordeiro has all the resources he needs in order to be a successful president. He must take advantage of his former and current professionals, youth and professional coaches, and directors in order to create the best system possible for the United States, and to insure the U.S. never misses out on another World Cup. This system should start with a fair playing field for all youth to grow as soccer players, no matter what their financial situation is. Also,...
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...management situation. The case was compiled from published sources. Company Background Under Armour (UA) was founded in 1996 by Kevin Plank, a former Maryland football player, who began by selling compression clothing that could “wick” sweat away from the body to college sports teams out of the trunk of his car. Plank was a football player at the University of Maryland, and hated wearing cotton shirts to practice in the hot, humid Maryland climate. Knowing that he would never be an NFL player, Plank devoted his efforts to starting a company that could make a product that would be an improvement over cotton, in that it would not absorb sweat and be much more functional and comfortable to wear. Once made, he started selling the shirts to the lacrosse and football teams at the University of Maryland out of the trunk of his car. In 1998, the football oriented movie “Any Given Sunday” was being filmed in Baltimore where Under Armour is based. The producers of the movie were looking for a product that would represent the athletic nature of the movie and be comfortable to wear during filming. Under Armour agreed to provide products, and UA shirts were used throughout the filming and appeared in the movie itself, resulting in national exposure for the brand. At about the same time, ESPN was initiating a sports magazine and looking for advertisers. Plank called in his dozen or so employees at the...
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...adidas AG (German pronunciation: [ˈadiˌdas]) is a German multinational corporation that designs and manufactures sports clothing and accessories based in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany. It is the holding company for the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, TaylorMade-Adidas golf company (including Ashworth), Rockport, and 9.1% of FC Bayern Munich. Besides sports footwear, Adidas also produces other products such as bags, shirts, watches, eyewear, and other sports- and clothing-related goods. Adidas is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Germany and Europe and the second biggest sportswear manufacturer in the world.[3] Adidas was founded in 1948 by Adolf Dassler, following the split of Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik between him and his older brother Rudolf. Rudolf later established Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Puma is also based in Herzogenaurach. The company's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas's current official logo.[4][5] The company revenue for 2012 was listed at €14.48 billion.[2] Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik Christoph Von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, while his wife Pauline ran a small laundry in the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach, 20 km (12.4 mi) from the city of Nuremberg. After leaving school, their son, Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler, joined his father at the shoe...
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...College hoops' black coaching issue Myron Medcalf [ARCHIVE] ESPN.com | July 18, 2013 When a national sportswriter calls to talk about minority hiring in college basketball, folks of all races seem to get nervous. As I sought feedback following last week's release of the "2012 Racial and Gender Report Card: College Sport" by Central Florida's Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport -- the report excludes historically black colleges and universities -- which states that the current pool of Division I African-American head coaches (18.6 percent through the 2011-12 season) is at its lowest mark since the 1995-96 season, people weren't sure what, if anything, they should say. Multiple administrators passed on the opportunity. The NCAA wanted to see my questions, and then it wanted a pre-interview phone conversation before it ultimately emailed its responses. The coaches who talked on the record always ended our chats with the same concern: "I didn't say anything that will make me look bad, right?" Shaka Smart Andy Lyons/Getty Images To reach Shaka Smart's level, black coaches often have to overcome certain labels. I don't blame them. It's an incendiary issue, because we're uncomfortable with race as dialogue. It's still a subject that makes athletic directors -- 89 percent of whom are white at the Division I level, per the report -- squirm. Minority coaches speak cautiously, because they don't want to be labeled as rebels or militants. That hesitancy...
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...Punishment for Players Athletes are people who are looked up to all across the world. They play sports that many people watch and enjoy. Athletes are role models for many people. Sometimes athletes take actions in their personal life that hurt their team and fans and get away with it because they are famous. Many people have different viewpoints on this discussion. Sometimes some athletes are punished while others who do the same crime are not. All Athletes’ actions off the field should affect their position within a sports team. Athletes represent a team. Their actions off the field may make the team look bad if they do not suspend or drop the player. Also sponsors do not want athletes who commit crimes like domestic violence, assault, and rape represent them and drop the players or the team as a sponsor. Fans may boo the team if they see that punishments did not go through after the player committed these types of crimes crime....
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...accessories and services for men, women, and kids worldwide. The company offers products in eight categories, including running, basketball, football, men’s training, women’s training, sportswear, action sports, and golf under the NIKE and Jordan brand names. The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is one of the world's largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$30.6 billion in its fiscal year 2015 which ended on May 31, 2015. Nike now has 62,600 employees all over the world. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, and officially became Nike on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, which means the Greek goddess of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Blazers, Air Force 1, Nike Dunk, Air Max, Foamposite, Nike Skateboarding, and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan, Hurley International and Converse. In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world as you all known Kobe Bryant is one of the sponsors who declared to say goodbye to NBA after this season. Nike is...
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...The NCAA(National Collegiate Athletic Association) is not paying college athletes, which will become a problem sooner or later if the NCAA does not pay college athletes. Many people think that paying college athletes will bring some problems to universities/colleges, such as offering players more money.However it would be unfair for less appealing and wealthy schools because they do not have as much power or money to recruit the best players. Though people do not understand that college football is for stronger players compared to weaker ones. If the players are dedicated to playing for their future, then paying college athletes would prepare them for the NFL(National Football League) and the players who don’t make it still help their team get better. Although most players in college do not make it to the NFL, every player on their teams help win and helps other players get better so everyone should receive a piece of the action....
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