...Role and Functions of Law Contemporary Business Law Roles and Functions of Law Law has had a role in society since the beginning of time. The earliest example of law governing society is Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. They were given the law that they cannot eat of the Tree of Life or they would surely die. They did not obey the law and had to suffer the consequences accordingly. An example of early written law is Moses, and the 10 commandments. They were one of the original set of laws written in stone for society in general to follow. Laws exist in even in the most primitive of societies have laws to govern them, because it protects those in society that are not the strongest and most dominant. If we did not have any laws then we would operate under the law of the jungle – only the strongest and most dominant survive. The law serves four principal purposes, establishing standards, maintaining order, resolving disputes, and protecting liberties and rights. The law sets the minimally acceptable standards and behaviors in society. Criminal law exists because society decided that it would not tolerate certain actions against other persons or their property in society. Each society has different standards that it sets for itself, which is there is not one set of universal laws for all areas. Some semblance of order is necessary in any civil society, which is reflected in the law. When the law is enforced it provides consistent order within society’s guidelines...
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...Financial benefits provided by Social Security are endangered. In his third year of presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt pioneered the inception of the Social Security program in 1935. Our 32nd president decreed, “[The basis of Social Security was] to give some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty-ridden old age” (Borick, Russell, & Shafritz 2012, p. 462). Since then, the Social Security (SS) program has paid benefits on a timely basis through to a plethora of American citizens. This program provides income for workers who have reached a certain age, have become disable, or have died on a monthly basis. Unfortunately, these benefits now face a dire crises—depletion. The problem is that projections of the program financial status provided by the Social Security Board of Trustees predict that moneys invested could be exhausted by year-end 2016....
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...Part 1 - Weimar Germany 1918-1929 1) The Treaty of Versailles ▪ Kaiser abdicates November 9th 1918, Armistice (cease-fire) signed November 11th ▪ Treaty of Versailles signed June 1919 ▪ It is a DIKTAT – something forced on to Germany. Allies say that they will carry on the war if Germans do not sign. ▪ For many Germans the defeat in WW1, national humiliation, the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar constitution & democracy are all linked – helps explain why democracy is weak in Germany ▪ Terms of the Treaty – ▪ Germany has to pay REPARATIONS (fixed in 1921 as £6600 million) ▪ Germany loses all its COLONIES (overseas parts of their empire) ▪ German army limited to 100,000 men with no air force & a small navy with only 6 battleships and no submarines ▪ 13% of Germany is now transferred to neighbouring countries as the map is redrawn ▪ Germany loses land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Belgium, Poland (Posen & West Prussia) & Denmark ▪ 15% of German coal mines are lost in map changes ▪ Many Germans blame the defeat in the war on “the stab in the back” (DOLCHSTOSS) – i.e. the Socialists / Communists / Jews betrayed Germany & the army was never defeated. This myth makes it harder to accept the Treaty ▪ Treaty weakened democracy in Germany and the German economy ▪ Friedrich Ebert appointed Chancellor in October 1918 2) The Weimar Constitution ▪ A National Assembly was elected to write this new constitution ▪ It met in Weimar because Berlin was...
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...Aghnoo Nagesia v. State of Bihar Section 25 of the Evidence Act is a provision of law dealing with confessions made by an accused. The law relating to confessions is to be found generally in ss. 24-30 of the Evidence Act and ss 162 and 164 of Cr PC. Sections 17-31 of the Evidence Act are to be found under heading ‘Admissions'. A confession is a species of admissions dealt with in ss. 24-30. A confession or an admission is evidence against the maker of it, unless its admissibility is excluded by some provision of law. Section 24 excludes confessions caused by certain inducements, threats and promises..Section 25 provides that no confession made to a police officer shall be proved as against a person accused of an offence. The terms of Section 25 are imperative. A confession made to a police officer under any circumstances is not admissible in evidence against he accused. It covers a confession made when he was free and not in police custody, as also a confession made before an investigation had begun. The expression accused of any offence covers a person accused in an offence at the trial whether or not he was accused of the offence when he made the conclusion. Section 26 prohibits proof against any person of a confession made by him in the custody of a police officer, unless it is made in the immediate presence of a magistrate. The partial ban imposed by s 26 relates to a confession made to a person other than a police officer. Section 26 does not qualify the absolute ban imposed...
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...while statutes and principles of common law origin are evident in such areas as constitutional law, procedure, corporation law, negotiable instruments, taxation, insurance, labour relations, banking and currency. In some Southern parts of the islands, Islamic law is observed. This particular legal system is the result of the immigration of Muslim Malays in the fourteenth century and the subsequent colonization of the islands by Spain and the United States. Historical Background Philippine legal history may be categorized according to the various periods in the political history of the country: the pre-Spanish period (pre 1521); the Spanish regime (1521-1898); the Philippine Republic of 1898; the American regime (1898-1935); the Commonwealth era (1935-1946); the Japanese occupation (1941-1944); the Period of the Republic (1946-1972); the Martial Law Period (1972-1986); and the continuation of the Republic. Pre-Spanish Period Historians have shown conclusively that the early Filipinos lived in numerous independent communities called barangays under various...
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...best interest of the company, and for a proper purpose. Section 1824 states that directors should not improperly use their position to gain advantage for themselves or cause detriment to the corporation. Section 1835 states that the directors should not use the corporate information to gain advantage for themselves or cause detriment to the corporation. The obligations in ss. 180 to 183 are civil; however, if a director is reckless or intentionally dishonest when he/she breached ss. 180 to 183, he/she is liable for criminal charges6. Specific duties of directors include: directors should disclose material personal interest to other directors7. Section 1898 considers the director’s reliance on others to be reasonable if he satisfies three conditions: a) The director reasonably believes that the subject matter provided by the employee, expert, or other directors is within the professional competence of the employee; b) The reliance must be in good faith and ________________________________ 1 Corporations Act 2001 2 Ibid 3 Ibid 4 Ibid 5 Ibid 6 s184, Corporations Act 2001 7 s191, Corporations Act...
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...about this.Although it increased it was more gradual than steady, It did increase but there were times where it stopped, but it was at a very low key when not much attention was taken towards the situation. However, in 1938 when the Nazi’s had invaded Austria and Sudetenland, there was more of an increase in persecution of Jews. In the year 1933, the Boycott of Jewish businesses and professional offices, the exclusion of Jews from civil service as well as the Quota for non-Aryan students occurred serving the purpose of isolating the Jews from the Aryan race. Reasons for such policy also have to do with the Nazi’s hatred or perhaps jealousy of many of the Jews being able to take up leading positions in the upper class society. Also, the act of isolation meant citizens would have less chances of coming into contact with the Jews thus increasing the chances of them buying into the propaganda. Furthermore, a policy...
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...SECTION 1: THE SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT 1918-OCTOBER 1933 |9 November 1918 |Abdication of the Kaiser | |January 1919 |Spartacist Uprising | |February 1919 |First Weimar elections | |28 June 1919 |Treaty of Versailles signed | |July 1919 |Weimar Constitution announced | |March 1920 |Kapp Putsch signed | |January 1923 |Occupation of the Ruhr | |January-November 1923 |Hyperinflation | |8-9 November 1923 |Munich Putsch ...
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...& today's SOCIAL WORKER “In the best interest of the child” sounds familiar? 28 March 2011 at 04:00 “In the best interest of the child" The "Lebensborn" project was one of most secret and terrifying Nazi projects. “In the best interest of the child" - Do you know what this means...? It was an SS Nazi slogan, now used by today's family courts to determine custody: It is also... the prime directive of all Child Protection Services. “Justice denied anywhere, diminishes justice everywhere.” Martin Luther King, Jr. _______________________________________________________ Nicolas Stathopoulos [SSEC] Social Service Economic Crimes (research) Social service crimes research SSEC (research) © Copyright 2011 The Lebensborn program was a Nazi organizational project set up by SS leader Heinrich Himmler, which provided, managed and ran orphanages, social service centers and relocation programs for children. Lebensborn, for all intent and purpose, was designed to become a human breeding program. "In the best interest of the child, we are breeding superior Aryan children" (SS Nazi chant) The Lebensborn program, was founded and created on December 12, 1935, to promote the policies of Nazi eugenics among other interests. One, of the objectives was to perpetrate, an illusion of superiority (of the Aryan race) over all other inferior races. Some of the ideas used to create the Lebensborn program were extensions of similar programs already practiced and in place...
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...The Holocaust: Suggested Reading There is a wealth of information about the Holocaust. So much has been written, in fact, that it can be difficult to determine where to start. This reading list is collected from recommendations from other members of The Holocaust History Project. It is not a complete bibliography but represents our opinion as to what are the most useful starting places for research. Since this list concentrates on works that are easily available and useful to a person unacquainted with the history of the Holocaust, many excellent books which are rare or out of print are not listed. Another class of books that are not included is works that are controversial because of their contents or the unusual theories they propose. Some of these are excellent works, others are not. But we feel that the reader for whom this list was compiled would not have the knowledge needed to evaluate these discussions of the legitimate controversies about the Holocaust. Just as a medical student must learn anatomy before he or she is taught surgery, someone studying the Holocaust must know the factual background before some of the more technical studies can be understood. As well as general works we have included books of specialized interest concerning the matters about which we at The Holocaust History Project are most frequently asked. Many of these books deal with more than one subject, but in the interest of brevity we have not cited a book more than once. General history of the...
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...Eric Snyder History 300W Reign of Terror: German Public Opinion of the Jews 1933-1939 Historian Marc Bloch describes history as something that is “progressive which constantly transforms and perfects itself.” There are many different opinions that persist in pre-war Nazi Germany. There is the opinion of the Jewish people living in Germany, the opinion of the Nazis living in Germany under the command of Adolf Hitler, and there is the opinion of the German people who were not Nazis which this paper is focused on. Events such as Kristallnacht positively affected the opinion of the Jewish people to the German public during pre-war Nazi Germany. The Chancellor of Germany from 1933-1945 was Adolf Hitler, an outspoken anti-Semitic man who was an accomplished mimic, an excellent actor, and “used language in a way that was untranslatably funny.” Hitler believed that the Jewish people were inferior to his Aryan race. Hitler believed that race was not only defined by skin color or heritage, it was defined by an elitist set of criteria that had to be met such as a person’s religion, or ideals. As a result, any intermingling or marriage or offspring made by an Aryan and any other race was downright wrong in Hitler’s eyes. He says of intermingling of the races that, “If Nature does not wish that weaker individuals should mate with the stronger, she wishes even less that a superior race should intermingle with an inferior one; because in such a case all her efforts, throughout hundreds...
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... Similarities During the 1930’s eugenics benign form promoted healthy living and “social purity”. However in its tyrannical form, the program-sought ways to ensure “fit” members of society that portrayed undesirable elements were bred out of the population. In most countries where eugenics beliefs were enshrined in legislation, efforts were made to limit reproduction among “unfit” groups through public education, institutionalization and forced sterilization. While Nazi Germany, eugenics beliefs woven into nationalism led to the forced sterilization thousands. They created concentration camps for Jewish and the “Lebensborn” program in which young German women with classic Nordic features forced to mate with members of Hitler’s elite SS troops. Eugenics Movement in Canada and Germany: The popularity of eugenics at the time led to the development of legislation that authorized involuntary sterilization by both Canadian and German governments. Politicians and social elites tried to accelerate the progress of the nation by harnessing the power of science. However these progressive goals were...
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...Hitler: Man or Monster Mostafa Emad Tosson Academic Writing, Fall Class 2015 Canadian International College Abstract This research paper will present Hitler’s life from childhood till death, and how his character was shaped by happenings throughout his life. Conducting this research happened by studying Hitler’s biography from different points of view and analyzing the happenings he experienced to prove if Hitler was a man or a monster. Hitler: Man or Monster The man who has become known to many as the worst warmonger in history had humble, even bohemian beginnings. Believe it or not, Adolf Hitler was once a struggling artist, selling watercolor paintings of Viennese landmarks to keep him out of the poor house. How did Hitler go from this penny-pinching life to leading the Nazi Party and eventually Germany itself? Troubled Childhood Born 1889, April 20 – Adolf Hitler was born in an inn in the Austrian village of Braunau-am-Inn. He was the third child of Alois Hitler who was a customs official and his third wife Klara who came from a poor peasant family, but the other two children had died in infancy. Life was financially comfortable for the Hitler family but Alois was a domineering character and young Adolf frequently found himself on the wrong side of his father's short temper. At second Adolf had a half-brother, Alois Jr, and a half-sister, Angela, from Alois' previous marriage. Adolf's younger brother, Edmund, was be born in 1896. Another sister, Paula, was...
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...employers that they will contribute to a common fund to ensure that those who are no longer part of the work force will have a basic income on which to live. It represents our commitment as a society to the belief that workers should not live in dread that a disability, death, or old age could leave them or their families destitute." - December 20, 1977 President Jimmy Carter. "This law represents a cornerstone in a structure which is being built but is by no means completed--a structure intended to lessen the force of possible future depressions, to act as a protection to future administrations of the Government against the necessity of going deeply into debt to furnish relief to the needy--a law to flatten out the peaks and valleys of deflation and of inflation--in other words, a law that will take care of human needs and at the same time provide for the United States an economic structure of vastly greater soundness." -August 14, 1935 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The statement that Social Security will cover needs when one is retired is not only a myth but an ancient and outdated philosophy. As one looks into the Social Security today, one must look at the entire pie. Social Security is a tax paid by working men and women. A percentage of these taxes are suppose to be put away for future use while drawing interest in a high yield savings. However, with the many bailouts, lawsuits, and unsupervised government spending, Social Security has become the (get out of trouble)...
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...According to fascism, all the power is vested upon the government as the executive branch. Every other branch or institution is subject to the leader. Fascism is also in most cases in the need of an enemy, this is some specific group that people under this form of leadership focus and express their hatred and anger towards. In such a case such as the Germans focused their anger and hatred to the Jews and viewed them as an inferior race. Full control of the media is taken by the leadership as well as full power in arresting everyone who disagrees. This happens without any trial. Fascist states do whatever they want and the subjects are too afraid to resist the acts even if they are heinous. This happens with full control of the media, and this...
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