...Rwanda, assignment 2 Rwanda's history is marked by hunger, violence and war, and not least the lack of democracy. Most of us associate Rwanda with the genocide in 1994. It will long be remembered for the international community's inability to intervene. Around a million people were killed in the most brutal ways. Then and today people still live side by side with the families of the killers. How can a country stand up again and experience the peace and reconciliation? The genocide started 7.april.1994 after the presidential plane where shot down and killed Rwanda’s President Juvènal Habyarimana. The mass murder continued the next 100 days, and it weren’t an army or some gangs with weapons that killed the Tutsis, it was ordinary Hutus who choose to remove the Tutsis from the country. They slaughtered the Tutsis with machetes and other sharp items. The Front Patriotique Rwandais was the Tutsis army and the leader of the army General Paul Kagame stopped the massacre and shortly after he became the new president. Rwanda is a small state with a population of around 8 million. It is one of the most densely populated country in Africa. Most are Hutus who make up just over 80 percent of the population. A small tribe are Tutsis who account for approx. 15 percent. The Legal Settlement for the massacres is an important part of the reconstruction but peace and reconciliation cannot be pushed on Rwanda from outside. It must come from within. Rwandan authorities tries to conducting a so-called...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 25 (2001) 535±554 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Eciency of the Dojima rice futures market in Tokugawa-period Japan Shigeru Wakita * Faculty of Economics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan Received 21 May 1998; accepted 20 December 1999 Abstract Co-integration analysis is applied to historical data (1760±1864) from the worldÕs ®rst well-established futures market, in rice at Dojima (in Osaka, Japan). The market shows a strong seasonal character. The summer market was strongly characterized by producersÕ hedging behavior, and may be called a ``commodity-oriented futures market''. On the other hand, the spring and autumn markets in the middle of Tokugawa era were ``®nancial'' markets, characterized by the unbiasedness hypothesis from the theory of rational expectations. Ó 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi®cation: G13; N25 Keywords: Futures market; Market eciency; Cointegration; Osaka 1. Introduction In Tokugawa-period Japan (1603±1867), the rice trading center was Osaka, a city called the ``kitchen for the country''. It was there that clan governments (Han) across the land shipped much of the rice they collected as land tax in lieu of cash. In Dojima, the site of the rice trading activities, a rice futures market * Tel.: +81-426-77-2307; fax: +81-426-77-2304. E-mail address: wakita@bcomp.metro-u.ac.jp (S. Wakita). 0378-4266/01/$ - see front matter Ó 2001...
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...This page intentionally left blank Quantitative Models in Marketing Research Recent advances in data collection and data storage techniques enable marketing researchers to study the characteristics of a large range of transactions and purchases, in particular the effects of household-specific characteristics and marketing-mix variables. This book presents the most important and practically relevant quantitative models for marketing research. Each model is presented in detail with a self-contained discussion, which includes: a demonstration of the mechanics of the model, empirical analysis, real-world examples, and interpretation of results and findings. The reader of the book will learn how to apply the techniques, as well as understand the latest methodological developments in the academic literature. Pathways are offered in the book for students and practitioners with differing statistical and mathematical skill levels, although a basic knowledge of elementary numerical techniques is assumed. PHILIP HANS FRANSES is Professor of Applied Econometrics affiliated with the Econometric Institute and Professor of Marketing Research affiliated with the Department of Marketing and Organization, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He has written successful textbooks in time series analysis. RICHARD PAAP is Postdoctoral Researcher with the Rotterdam Institute for Business Economic Studies at Erasmus University Rotterdam. His research interests cover applied (macro-)econometrics...
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