...Deshpande et al., IJPSR, 2011; Vol. 2(10): 2534-2544 IJPSR (2011), Vol. 2, Issue 10 ISSN: 0975-8232 (Review Article) Received on 15 June, 2011; received in revised form 23 September, 2011; accepted 28 September, 2011 BI-LAYER TABLETS- AN EMERGING TREND: A REVIEW Rohan D. Deshpande*1, D. V. Gowda 1, Nawaz Mahammed 1 and Deepak N. Maramwar 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University 1, S. S. Nagar, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India Karnataka College of Pharmacy 2, Bidar-585401, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Keywords: Bilayer tablet, Layer separation, Insufficient hardness, Individual layer weight control Correspondence to Author: Rohan D. Deshpande Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India Bi-layer tablets have been developed to achieve controlled delivery of different drugs with pre-defined release profiles. In the last decade, interest in developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single dosage form (bilayer tablet) has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and compliance. Bilayer tablets can be a primary option to avoid chemical incompatibilities between API by physical separation, and to enable the development of different drug release profiles (immediate release with extended release). Despite their advantages, due to the use of different materials and complex geometric boundaries between the adjacent...
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...MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS | Subpart B--Organization and Personnel | Sec. 211.22 Responsibilities of quality control unit. | (a) There shall be a quality control unit that shall have the responsibility and authority to approve or reject all components, drug product containers, closures, in-process materials, packaging material, labeling, and drug products, and the authority to review production records to assure that no errors have occurred or, if errors have occurred, that they have been fully investigated. The quality control unit shall be responsible for approving or rejecting drug products manufactured, processed, packed, or held under contract by another company.(b) Adequate laboratory facilities for the testing and approval (or rejection) of components, drug product containers, closures, packaging materials, in-process materials, and drug products shall be available to the quality control unit.(c) The quality control unit shall have the responsibility for approving or rejecting all procedures or specifications impacting on the identity, strength, quality, and purity of the drug product.(d) The responsibilities and procedures applicable to the quality control unit shall be in writing; such written procedures shall be followed. | | Sec. 211.25 Personnel qualifications. | (a) Each person engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product shall have education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof,...
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...Acknowledgement All praises are for Almighty Allah, Who guides us through the darkness of unknown. All respects are for Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), who enables us to recognize One Creator and Whose spiritual teachings guide us in every matter of life. We are thankful to our respected Principal, Dr. Dean and our Head of the Department, Dr. Shahnaz Choudhry, who permitted us to avail the opportunity of working in such a helpful and cooperative environment. We greatly wish to acknowledge Dr. Amir Saeed, the Manager of R & D for allowing us to work in Packages Limited, Pakistan and Mr. Ishtiaq ur Rehman, the Senior Research Chemist (R&D) for providing us the opportunity of this work and encouraging & appreciating us at every step. He not only permitted us to undertake this important part of internship work but also helped us a lot in conducting this study as a Supervisor. We felt motivated and encouraged every time we attended his meeting, Mr. Imran Khan, the incharge of Paper and Pulp Laboratory, Mr. Zafar Hussain (working staff) and the members of Physical Laboratory in Packages Limited, Pakistan who helped us throughout the work & shared their experiences & knowledge with us. The success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others, apart from our efforts. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. Thanks to our parents whose prayers...
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...SEPERATION PROCESSES II DESIGN PROJECT COAGULATION & FLOCCULATION PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER SUBMISSION DATE: 14 August 2012 COURSE COORDINATOR : Dr. Netatollah Rahmanian GROUP MEMBERS’ NAMES: Derek Lai Chai Zern 14233 Derek Lai Chai Zern 14233 Sean Suraj Jeremiah 14286 Nabila Syahira Bt Azizuddin 14295 Hazwan Farid B Muhammad Puzi 14382 Karrthik S/O Subramaniam 15450 Kiveeyashini D/O Govindasamy 17252 INTRODUCTION Human settlements have always been centred around sources of clean drinking water. As the population increases and the quality of fresh water declines, it has become an engineering challenge to supply sufficient potable water to the meet demands. Of the many unit processes and operations used in water treatment, coagulation and flocculation required a unique combination of chemical and physical phenomena for producing water acceptable for human consumption. Aggregation of fine particulate matter into larger particulates by the use of coagulation and flocculation facilities permits cost-effective removal in subsequent solid separation processes. Particulates inorganic origin such as clay, silt, and mineral oxides generally enter surface water by natural erosion processes and can decrease the clarity of the water to an unacceptable level. Organic particulates, such as colloidal humic and fulvic acids are a product of decay and leaching of organic debris and litter which have fallen in the water...
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...Multi Unit Pellet System (MUPS) Technology The concept of multiple unit dosage form was initially introduced in the early 1950. These forms can be defined as oral dosage form consisting of a multiplicity of small discreat unit, each exhibiting some desired characteristics. Compressed multiple unit pellet tablets/multiple unit particulate or pellet system commonly called MUPS. These are composed of polymer coated subunits namely pellets; which are embedded in an inert excipients matrix designed to overcome the difficulties in administering capsules and improved physico-chemical stability compared to suspensions. The functional coating like drug coating, barrier coating, enteric polymer coating is usually applied in a fluid bed coating processor provides each subunit with the characteristic desired drug release properties. The size, shape and surface morphology of the pellets to be coated are the prerequisites for coating of pellets. Design of MUPS involves formulating pellets by different techniques and further compression of these pellets into rapidly disintegrating tablets; disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity for the delivery of coated pellets into the gastrointestinal tract or the site of release of the drug. In spite of the challenges like content uniformity of the compressed tablets, ability of the film to withstand compression force. MUPS occupy a prominent role in formulating drugs due to their greater patient compliance, process, formulation and therapeutic advantages...
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...Izabella Zamiatala Period: 5th November 27th, 2012 AP Biology : Chapter 15 Review Questions 1. Cells are equipped with controls that govern gene expression; that is, which gene products appear, when, and what amounts. When control mechanisms come into play depends on cell type, on prevailing chemical conditions, and on signals from other cell types that can change a target cell’s activities. Cells of complex organisms inherit the same genes, yet most become specialized in composition, structure, and function. This process of cell differentiation arises when different populations of cells activate and suppress their genes in highly selective, unique ways. 2. By negative control, regulatory proteins slow down or curtail gene activity. By positive control, regulatory proteins promote or enhance gene activities. Control is exerted through chemical modifications that inactivate or activate specific gene regions or the histone proteins that organize the DNA. For instance, regions of newly replicated DNA can be shut down by methylation, the attachment of methyl group to nucleotide bases. 3. A. Repressor protein: protein that binds with an operator on bacterial DNA to block transcription. A special regulating protein formed in bacterial cells that halt transcription, which is the synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) from a specific operon (a group of genes that carry out the synthesis of functionally related enzymes). The number of different repressors...
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...this section by a pharmacist as his or her principal or ordinary occupation | “pharmaceutical care”Note: CAN enter into practice agreement | the provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving therapeutic outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life, including include a. the cure of disease b. the elimination or reduction of a patient's symptomatology c. the arrest or slowing of a disease process d. the prevention of a disease or symptomatology | Equipment and Reference material requirements for operating a pharmacy | * Not very specific anymore * Up to judgment of pharmacist based on what they will be doing in the pharmacy * References must be up to date, in either printed or electronic form, and available at all times while the pharmacist is practicing for that pharmacy. * The orange book or an equivalent reference is necessary | Credential to practice may be denied, refused renewal, or have disciplinary measures taken: 1. misrepresent facts (not reporting felony, etc) 2. immoral conduct 3. abuse, dependence, active addiction on drugs/alcohol 4. failure to comply with a...
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...Contents Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd: 3 Historical background of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 4 Mission: 4 Vision: 5 Our Services: 5 Beximco Pharma’s Contribution: 5 Beximco Pharma products: 5 Blockbuster Products of BPL: 6 Other products: 6 Supply Chain: 7 Supply Chain strategy: 7 Supply Chain Management: 8 Implementation of Supply Chain Management: 9 SCM life cycle of Beximco Pharma: 9 1. PLAN: 9 Functions of Production planning 10 2. SOURCE 11 3. MAKE 11 List of Machineries used in liquid Section in Beximco Pharma: 12 Machineries Used in BPL: 13 4. DELIVER 14 QUALITY ASSURANCE: 14 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN INFUSION UNIT: 14 Departments of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd: 15 Major Operational Departments of Beximco Pharma: 16 Types of organizational structure: 17 SCM Integrated solution of Beximco Pharma Ltd: 17 Organizational Structure: 18 Supply Chain Diagram in BPL: 19 Some of the Software’s of BPL: 20 SCM Functional Process of BPL: 22 Warehouse Operation in BPL: 22 Portion of a warehouse: 23 Inventory management: 24 Labeling: 24 Transportation & Shipment: 26 Production logistics: 27 Quality Control 28 Working Division of Quality Control Department 29 Recommendation: 31 Conclusion: 32 References: 33 Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd: Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. belongs to Beximco Group...
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...Upgrading Water Treatment Plants E. G. Wagner and R. G. Pinheiro ISBN 0-419-26050-1 (pbk) 0-419-26040-4 Published on behalf of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION London and New York First published 2001 by Spon Press 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Spon Press 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2001 World Health Organization The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Publisher's Note This book has been prepared from camera-ready copy provided by the authors. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record has been requested Foreword The availability of safe water, and in particular...
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...AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE EXPORT POTENTIAL AND STRATEGIES OF BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. [pic] [pic] [pic] AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE EXPORT POTENTIAL AND STRATEGIES OF BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. Submitted To: Professor Golam Mohammed Chowdhury Chairman Internship and Placement Program Supervised By: Mr. Ridwanul Huq Lecturer Submitted by: Md. Shoeb-Bin-Mananan MBA 38th Day Roll-38D Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka July 08, 2010 July 08, 2010 Professor Golam Mohammed Chowdhury The Chairperson Internship and Placement Committee Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is my pleasure to submit the internship report, which is done as a part of academic curriculum, to you for your kind evaluation. The report is prepared on “The Export Potential and Strategies of BEXIMCO Pharmaceuticals Ltd”. My organizational supervisor assigned me to prepare a report on the above mentioned subject and later my faculty advisor also approved it. I have put my best effort in preparing this report and to make it a worthy one. Each aspect of the problem is considered and studied as required. I shall try my best and shall be obliged to provide you with any kind of clarification concerning this report. Sincerely yours, ____________ Md. Shoeb-Bin-Mananan Roll No.: 38 Batch : 38th (Day) Major:...
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...Week 7 Ethical Dilemma Paper Jered Gordner Professor Cuzzone HUMN-232 Week 7 Ethical Dilemma Paper As with many industries today, the healthcare industry is fraught with ethically dilemmas one can be involved with on an almost ongoing, daily basis. Since there are so many different arms and hands in so many different cookie jars, it’s easy to get lost in all the ethical dilemmas that could amass before your very eyes. On the professional side of the equation you may run into the dilemma of having a child from humble beginnings, without the means to pay, become struck down with a disease undocumented and unlike anything that is currently on the books. Do you treat the child pro-bono or do you let them go untreated and more than likely die? On the insurance side (something I’ve personally run into) one of the men in a gay couple, who has been together for 30 years, is in the hospital and the other man needs to know the medication his partner is on so the pharmacy will release it to him. Since they are not legally married they do not have the same rights and access to information as a straight married couple. Do you go against HIPAA and release the information or do you withhold it because of the law? These two dilemmas are not uncommon in the health industry. Doctors and nurses come across patients with no insurance on a daily basis and more often than not, they are forced to turn them away untreated. This ethical decision can weigh heavily on their heads. I find this...
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...CONCRETE ADMIXTURES F a a o D E O g n ee in .c rs m o Paper Presented By MAHENDERAN (Final B.Tech civil) Mahi_andaman@yahoo.com L.SIREESHA (Final B.Tech civil) sirichandan@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing, in nominal quantities. A proper use of admixtures offers certain beneficial effects to concrete, including improved quality, acceleration or retardation of setting time, enhanced frost and sulphate resistance, control of strength development, improved workability, and enhanced finishability. Admixtures vary widely in chemical composition, and many perform more than one function. Two basic types of admixtures are available: chemical and mineral. All admixtures to be used in concrete construction should meet specifications; tests should be made to evaluate how the admixture will affect the properties of the concrete to be made with the specified job materials, under the anticipated ambient conditions, and by the anticipated construction procedures. Materials used as admixtures included milk and lard by the Romans; eggs during the middle ages in Europe; polished glutinous rice paste, lacquer, tung oil, blackstrap F a a molasses, and extracts from elm soaked in water and boiled bananas by the Chinese; and in Mesoamerica and Peru, cactus juice and latex from rubber plants. The Mayans...
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...A Project report on “HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE” BY ABHISHEK AGARWAL -10/ICE/005 ABHISHEK VISHWAKARMA -10/ICE/009 SACHIN TIWARI -10/ICE/042 VAIBHAV KUMAR -10/ICE/055 VISHWAS MISHRA -10/ICE/064 UTKARSH YADAV -10/ICE/065 VIKASH VASHISHTH -10/ICE/067 Under the Guidance of- Dr. SHILPA PAL Gautam Buddha University SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We take immense pleasure in thanking Dr. Shilpa Pal for having permitted us to carry out this project work. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Er. Lallan Sharma (Quality Control Engineer) in SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTRE Pvt. Ltd. and Mr. Avnish Nagar (Quality control Manager) in J.P SPORTS CITY School of Engineering, Gautam Buddha University for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the project work, in time. Finally, yet importantly, we would like to express my heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their blessings, friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project. INDEX TOPIC ...
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...Juana Davidson Hypothyroidism Professor Cocimano HTH 1105- 92016 To understand hypothyroidism, you must first understand the function of the thyroid. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly shaped organ at the base of your neck, measuring only 2-4 inches in diameter. (Sagmiller, 2) The principle role of the thyroid gland is to manufacture, store, and secrete the thyroid hormones, 1-thyroxine (T4) and triidothyroxine (T3). The thyroid is also responsible for storing much of the body’s supply of iodine, which is used to form T4 and T3. The hypothalamus detects a need for more thyroid hormone and signals the pituitary gland to make thyrotropin (TSH). The thyroid then adjusts its production of hormones based on the amount of TSH it receives. When the thyroid does not make enough hormones, hypothyroidism occurs. (Blanchard and Abrams-Brill) Simply put, hypothyroidism is the result of an underactive thyroid. Because the thyroid controls metabolism, regulates body temperature, affects body weight, muscle strength, energy level, and fertility (Sagmill, 206), an underactive thyroid can have significant effects on individuals who are diagnosed with hypothyroidism. There are an estimated 27 million people living with hypothyroidism, the majority being female. Women are nine times more likely to develop this disease, most cases occurring during the childbearing years. (Blanchard and Abrams-Brill, 1491) While not as common; men and children are still susceptible to the disease. After...
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...Hypothyroid Disease A deficiency of the thyroid hormone leads to hypothyroid disease; a disease that may be characterized both in clinical and pathophysiological manifestations throughout the body system. The most prevalent causes of hypothyroid disease include various autoimmune diseases, medication for hyperthyroid disease, and having had surgery on the thyroid. Other not so common causes of hypothyroidism include certain congenital diseases, pituitary disorder, pregnancy, or a deficiency in iodine. Hypothyroid disease may be divided into primary and secondary hypothyroidism. When there is a deficiency in the synthesis of hormones or damage to thyroid tissue, primary hypothyroidism results. Secondary hypothyroid disease, rather, occurs when there is not enough thyroid-stimulating hormone available. This insufficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone could be a result of a defect in the anterior pituitary gland. Secondary hypothyroidism may also be caused by an insufficient amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which most likely occurs due to impairment of hypothalamus functioning. Most patients tend to have a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Most frequently this disease is found in women over the age of 60. Autoimmune disorders put a patient at an even higher risk for developing hypothyroidism, as does a family history of autoimmune disorders. In order to test for levels of thyroid hormone or thyroid-stimulating hormone within the body a blood test may be done...
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