...Economics’ Approach to Financial Planning by Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Ph.D. |Executive Summary | |Economists long have shown that when it comes to consuming lifetime economic resources, households seek to neither splurge nor hoard, but | |rather to achieve a smooth living standard over time. Consumption smoothing not only underlies the economics approach to spending and | |saving, it is central to the field’s analysis of insurance decisions and portfolio choice. | |Smoothing a household's living standard requires using a sophisticated mathematical technique called dynamic programming to solve a number | |of difficult and interconnected problems. Advances in dynamic programming coupled with today's computers are permitting economists to move | |from describing financial problems to prescribing financial solutions. | |Conventional planning’s targeted liability approach has some surface similarities to consumption smoothing. But the method used to find | |retirement- and survivor-spending targets is virtually guaranteed to disrupt, rather than smooth, a household’s living standard as it ages.| |Moreover, even very small targeting mistakes will suffice to produce major consumption disruption for the simple reason that the wrong...
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...Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories PSY/405 August 30, 2012 Instructor Stacy Page Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories The revision and analysis of personalities provides a restored knowledge for human behaviors and the progression in which individuals understand. Theorists had endeavored for a long time realizing further theoretical methodology. Gordon Allport researched the personalities of people for the reason that that methodology provide further meaning or characterization to individual distinctiveness and give emphasis to the distinctiveness of the person (Feist & Feist, 2009). Depicting a person with universal personality merely categorize individuals as a crowd or group. Nevertheless, Allport alleged to exactly distinguish an individual is through the means of being familiar with the individuals as personal. Individuality shows each individual be distinct and unique, no one person is alike in a way; for the reason that individuals have distinctive personalities and the capabilities to understand is atypical as well. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory observed the behavior in which individuals understand. Observational learning tolerates individuals to find out lacking actions or responsibilities (Feist & Feist, 2009). Principally people do find out through own encounters although learn as well from looking at different job and achievements of other people. Generally ...
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...to achieve that, including pushing past any obstacles that stand in their way. They will achieve that even if that results in negative effects on the local, state, or national economies. Wal-Mart has made a large presence in the United States, but it has not necessarily been a positive presence. Wal-Mart employs more people than any other company in the United States outside of the Federal Government, yet the majority of its employees with children live below the poverty line (PBS, 2009). With so many people below that poverty line, most of these people are forced to rely on government support systems such as Medicaid, and food stamps. Wal-Mart executives were reported as saying, “why should we pay for insurance when the employees can use the government”, and that is exactly what the company has decided to do (Greenwald, 2005). In 2010, Wal-Mart offered a healthcare plan to their associates with a premium of $27 per pay period for full family coverage, which is about $702 per year. This plan however has a very high deductible of $4,400. That means that a Wal-Mart employee with a $4,400 annual deductible, and a yearly premium of $702 would have to pay $5,102 of their own money before the insurance offered through Wal-Mart would pay for anything. Considering the average wage for a Wal-Mart associate is $11.75, this would equal almost 25% of their yearly salary, before taxes were even taken out (Angotti,...
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...hyper-competitive marketplace, understanding what fosters and forwards employee motivation--and, thus, organizational performance--is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. ********** Introduction In today's marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating, where employees want to stay, grow and contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise. Motivation is generally defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's level of effort, as well as a person's persistence in the face of obstacles. The direction of a person's behavior refers to the many possible actions that a person could engage in, while persistence refers to whether, when faced with roadblocks and obstacles, an individual keeps trying or gives up. (1) The responsibility for motivation is three-fold: it falls on the senior leadership, the direct manager and the employee. Numerous factors are involved, from trust, engagement and values (individual and organizational) to job satisfaction, achievement, acknowledgement and rewards. Motivation is essential for working autonomously, as well as for collaboration and effective teamwork...
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...John Wiley & Sons, Inc. David L. Kurtz University of Arkansas Louis E. Boone University of South Alabama BUSINESS 14TH EDITION Contemporary . . . at the speed of business “The 14th edition of Contemporary Business is dedicated to Joseph S. Heider, who brought me to John Wiley & Sons. Thank you, Joe.” —Dave Vice President & Executive Publisher Acquisitions Editor Assistant Editor Production Manager Senior Production Editor Marketing Manager Creative Director Senior Designer Text Designer Cover Designer Production Management Services Senior Illustration Editor Photo Editor Photo Researcher Senior Editorial Assistant Executive Media Editor Media Editor George Hoffman Franny Kelly Maria Guarascio Dorothy Sinclair Valerie A. Vargas Karolina Zarychta Harry Nolan Madelyn Lesure 4 Design Group Wendy Lai Elm Street Publishing Services Anna Melhorn Hilary Newman Teri Stratford Emily McGee Allison Morris Elena Santa Maria This book was set in Janson TextLTStd-Roman 10/13 by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company, Chennai, India and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons. The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley & Sons. This book is printed on acid free paper. ∞ Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live...
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...How to go to your page This eBook set contains two volumes. The main content pages are contiguously numbered: use the Table of Contents to find those page numbers. The front matter pages and indices are labeled with the Volume number and page separated by a colon. For example, to go to page vi of Volume 1, type Vol1:vi in the “page #” box at the top of the screen and click “Go”. To go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC...
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...CHAPTER 6 Accounting and the Time Value of Money ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY TOPIC) | | |Brief Exercises | | | |Topics |Questions | |Exercises |Problems | | 1. |Present value concepts. |1, 2, 3, 4, | | | | | | |5, 9, 17 | | | | | 2. |Use of tables. |13, 14 |8 |1 | | | 3. |Present and future value problems: | | | | | | |a. Unknown future amount. |7, 19 |1, 5, 13 |2, 3, 4, 7 | | | |b. Unknown payments. |10, 11, 12 |6, 12, |8, 16, 17 |2, 6 | | | | |15, 17 | | | | ...
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...GIRLFRIEND FOR HIRE. INTRO Teka ahm ano…. pano ko ba sisimulan to? Sige, ganito na lang siguro..magpapakilala na lang muna ako huh?! Ang arte kasi, bakit kelangang may intro pang nalalaman tong author na to.. pede namang diretso na agad sa story line! -__- Hmp! Pero wala akong magagawa, kelangang sumunod at baka ichugi na nya agad ako dito sa story..tungkol pa naman sakin to.. pag nachugi ako, edi tapos narin ang kwento db?! Parang tanga lang..hehe..kaya eto na, sisimulan ko na..inip na kayo eh.. . . . Ako nga pala si Nami Shanaia San Jose. 17 years old, 1st year college student, SCHOLAR. (haha, ang yabang ko no? totoo naman kc eh! ) Working student ako. Nakikitira lang ako sa auntie ko. Wala na kasi akong mga magulang. Well enough of that boring introduction about myself, masyado ng common tong ganito.. Kaya pumunta na tayo sa interesting fact about me.. . . Lahat na ata ng weird na trabaho napasukan ko na. Ewan ko ba kung bakit ang wiweird ng mga trabahong napasukan ko.O___O? Isipin niyo naman,.. Naging taga alaga ako ng pusang may diabetes (SOSYAL NA PUSA,SHET NO?), . Naging taga tanggal ng pulgas ng aso ng kapitbahay namin(ANDAME KO NGANG KAGAT NUN!), . Naging mascot na sausage na nakatayo maghapon sa harapan ng isang restaurant na wala ng ginawa kung hindi sabihing “Masarap ako, tikman niyo!” (ah, ah ayoko ng maalala na ginawa ko yan! Muntik na akong lapain ng aso dahil akala nga niya sausage ako! T.T), . Naging waitress din ako sa isang restaurant na ang mga waitress...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Eugene F. Brigham UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Joel F. Houston UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Eugene F. Brigham UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Joel F. Houston UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: iChapters User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time...
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...Unit 10 The Teacher Who Changed My Life Warm-up I. The pictures below show three of the world’s great teachers. Match each picture with the right name and description. |( ( ( | |[pic] [pic] [pic] | 1. Confucius 2. Anne Sullivan Macy 3. Socrates A B C |Helen Keller’s teacher, who taught |A philosopher and Plato’s teacher, who |A philosopher and a teacher, who believed | |Keller how to spell and read, and thus|encouraged his students to think and responded |that education should be available to | |made Keller long for learning. |to their questions by asking more questions. |everyone and who adopted various teaching | | | |methods to inspire his students. | II. To you, which of the three is the greatest? Share your opinion with the class. Reading ( Reading Tip: What did the teacher do that changed the author’s life? The person who set the course of my life was a schoolteacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming...
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...*IS1347* //integrafs1/cengage/3-Pagination/Cengage_US/Business_and_Economics/FFM13e/3B2/brigham_endpaper.3d, 11/16/11, 17:35, page: 1 FREQUENTLY USED SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS ACP Average collection period ADR American depository receipt AFN Additional funds needed AMT Alternative minimum tax APR b Annual percentage rate Beta coefficient, a measure of an asset’s riskiness bL Levered beta bU Unlevered beta BEP BVPS CAPEX CAPM CCC Basic earning power Book value per share Capital expenditures Capital Asset Pricing Model Cash conversion cycle CF Cash flow; CFt is the cash flow in Period t CR Conversion ratio CV Coefficient of variation Dp Dividend of preferred stock Dt Dividend in Period t DCF Discounted cash flow D/E Debt-to-equity ratio DEP Depreciation D1/P0 DPS DRIP Expected dividend yield Dividends per share Dividend reinvestment plan DRP Default risk premium DSO Days sales outstanding e Approximately equal to 2.7183 EAA Equivalent annual annuity EAR Effective annual rate, EFF% EBIT EBITDA EPS EVA F Earnings before interest and taxes; operating income Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization Earnings per share Economic value added (1) Fixed operating costs (2) Flotation cost FCF Free cash flow FVN Future value for Year N FVAN g GAAP HVN I IFRS IPER I/YR INT IP IPO IRR LIBOR ...
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...management 173–178, 345–346, 387–394, 442–444, 689–691 Pension fund management 178–182 Financial planning 210–214, 676–681, 734–735 Arbitrage opportunities in oil pricing 215–219 Currency trading 220 Capital budgeting 290–295 Estimating stock betas 396–401 Hedging risk with put options 407–408 Stock hedging 407–408 Asset management 409–410 New product development 503–504, 574, 673–676, 715–722 Bidding for a government contract 513–518, 523–533, 653–657 Investing with risk aversion 557–560 Land purchasing decision 575 Risk analysis 582–583 Liquidity risk management 651–653 Estimating warranty costs 657–661 Retirement planning 681–685 Modeling stock prices 685–686 Pricing options 686–689, 691–693 Investing for college 732 Bond investment 733 HUMAN RESOURCES AND HEALTH CARE Fighting HIV/AIDS 23–24 DEA in the hospital industry 184–189 Salesforce allocation problems 454–456 Assigning MBA students to teams 462 Selecting a job 484–492 Selecting a health care plan 519–521 Drug testing for athletes 535–538, 539–542 MARKETING Determining an advertising schedule 133–141, 373–376, 465–471, 480–483 Estimating an advertising response function 369–373 Retail pricing 422–427 Estimating a sales response function 437–441 Cluster analysis of large cities 445–449 Classifying subscribers of the WSJ 450–453 New...
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...Senge's learning organization theory- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK peter senge and the learning organization Peter Senge’s vision of a learning organization as a group of people who are continually enhancing their capabilities to create what they want to create has been deeply influential. We discuss the five disciplines he sees as central to learning organizations and some issues and questions concerning the theory and practice of learning organizations. contents: introduction · peter senge · the learning organization · systems thinking – the cornerstone of the learning organization · the core disciplines · leading the learning organization · issues and problems · conclusion · further reading and references · links Peter M. Senge (1947- ) was named a ‘Strategist of the Century’ by the Journal of Business Strategy, one of 24 men and women who have ‘had the greatest impact on the way we conduct business today’ (September/October 1999). While he has studied how firms and organizations develop adaptive capabilities for many years at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), it was Peter Senge’s 1990 book The Fifth Discipline that brought him firmly into the limelight and popularized the concept of the ‘learning organization'. Since its publication, more than a million copies have been sold and in 1997, Harvard Business Review identified it as one of the seminal management books of the past 75 years. On this page we explore Peter Senge’s vision of the learning organization. We will...
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...External Analysis of Starbucks 1 RUNNING HEAD: STARBUCKS External Environmental Analysis of Starbucks and the Coffee Industry Harold Brown Strategic Management MGMT 4340 Dr. Nwabueze March 3, 2011 External Analysis of Starbucks 2 Contents 1.0.0. Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.0.0. Company History ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.0. Background ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 1: Starbucks Revenue Trends 2005-2010 ..................................................................................... 12 2.2.0. Purpose of This Study ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.0.0. External Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 15 Diagram 1: The Components of a Coffee Firm’s Macroenvironment .................................................... 16 3.1.0. General Environmental Analysis ...................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1. Demographic Segment ...................................................................
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...THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY PETRONAS: A NATIONAL OIL COMPANY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL VISION BY DR. FRED R. VON DER MEHDEN RICE UNIVERSITY WITH AL TRONER ASIA PACIFIC ENERGY CONSULTING PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN ENERGY STUDY SPONSORED BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY AND JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER RICE UNIVERSITY – MARCH 2007 THIS PAPER WAS WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE JOINT BAKER INSTITUTE/JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER POLICY REPORT, THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THIS PAPER HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE RELEASE. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND THE VIEWS EXPRESSED WITHIN ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY NOR THOSE OF THE JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER. © 2007 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY ABOUT THE POLICY REPORT THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS Of world proven oil reserves of 1,148 billion barrels, approximately 77% of these resources are under the control of national oil companies (NOCs) with no equity participation by foreign, international...
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