...This chapter is about glass. Miodownik starts the chapter by explaining that he was in a car crash and went through his windshield, this was the moment he realized how intriguing glass is. He then goes into stating that when sand is melted into a liquid and then cools down, it forms a crystal, being glass. This leads into a discussion that talks about a rare sand in this desert that was mostly quartz, making the most beautiful glass crystal. Towards the middle of the chapter, Miodownik informs the readers of the glass that was created by the Romans. Nothing was necessarily unclear from the chapter but there is something confusing to me that is related to the chapter in a way. I was wondering how color was added to make stained glass, precisely...
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...Cathedral Project – Unit 3 St. Paul’s Methodist Here we are able to see one of the side Transepts located on the North side of St. Paul’s Methodist. It sprang from the need of procuring sufficient space for the increased number of clergy and for the proper celebration of the service. This design feature was also used in Asia Minor. These were formerly considered to belong to the medieval period, because they were not fully developed until the Middle Ages. This is the cross-shaped or cruciform church. In the cruciform design the transept is organically developed from the structure. Also, we can barely see the Crossing at the top of the Church roof where the Transepts meets at the top. Holy Rosary Catholic Church Sometimes a church has one side-aisle only. Often the aisle is continued around the apse such is the case at Holy Rosary. As a rule in Gothic architecture the aisle-roofs are much lower than the nave roof, allowing the admission of light through the clerestory windows. Also, the aisles extending the length of an apse at one end. It was this type that the early Christians adopted for their churches, possibly because similar halls in large private houses had been used for Christian worship before the religion was officially recognized by the Roman emperor Constantine in 313. St. Paul’s Methodist Here is one of the side portals at St. Paul’s. Since this is not one of the main entrances there are no portal jam works of art. Some of the portal decorations encompass...
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...Running head: ROMANESQUE VS. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 1 Romanesque vs. Gothic Architecture WGU Humanities IWT 1 ROMANESQUE VS. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Romanesque vs. Gothic Architecture Romanesque architecture, one of the most important styles of European art that developed during the Middle Ages in a time of heavy religious fervor. During the Romanesque period devout Christians would undertake long pilgrimages in order to visit and venerate the relics of saints and martyrs. Large numbers of people moved from one monastery to another creating travel routes which would later become trade routes. Because of this large influx of people, churches were built large enough to hold hundreds of people. Romanesque architecture style was one of the first to build entirely with stone materials instead of wood because stone was the only thing that would support the heavy roofs. The 2 structure was massive, boxy and low to the ground. Round Roman arches, thick walls, and small windows are typical of the buildings. All Romanesque architecture was built to make a statement of power and wealth. Romanesque buildings were not just churches, abbeys, and monasteries; they also encapsulated the castles. These castles were used as power sources and were built to be sturdy and long lasting during times of war. This meant that buildings were serviceable, durable, defensive, and strong, but not very creative. The Gothic style grew out of the Romanesque architectural style, when both prosperity and...
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...Middle Ages and Renaissance Art Western Governor’s University It is interesting how two different artistic periods can compare to each other. When comparing Middle Age art to art of the Renaissance, I find a vast transformation of ideas and mentality between the two eras. The Middle Ages, also called the Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. Christianity, religion and the church played an important role in life in the Middle Ages. Life seemed difficult in the Middle Ages. A vast majority of the population could read or write. The population’s hope was declining and this lead to a strong belief that the next life in heaven would be better than the current life that they were in. The basic government and society in Europe during the middle ages was based around the feudal system. (Eco, U. (1986). Because Christianity played an important role during the Middle Ages, early Christian art icons were popular such as images of Christ, the Virgin Mary or saints. Also popular were illuminated manuscripts that were of a religious nature. Because of the radiant glow created by the gold, silver, and other colors that were used, these handwritten and decorated or painted texts were called illuminations. These were still being created in the Middle Ages. Architecture of the Middle Ages also focused on a Christianity theme. Two...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...Introduction to Art History – Study Guide and Image List for Final Exam Gothic Architecture in France – the opening of the wall into windows; the use of the rib vault, the flying buttress, stained glass, and increased verticality. The way structure and aesthetics were thought to merge in geometry. The role of Abbot Suger in Saint Denis and the beginning of the Gothic style. The symbolism of light. Renaissance Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture – Re-birth of classical culture; the continued development of naturalistic techniques, especially perspective; the High Renaissance achievement of Leonardo da Vinci, followed by Michelangelo and Raphael. Baroque – A continuation of the Grand Manner; in Italy, a naturalism employed for dynamic effect often in support of Counter-Reformation aims, the same bombast is used in support of the French kings and, with more Calvinist sobriety, for the new rulers of Holland where realistic tendencies tended to outweigh the idealistic approaches of the Italians. Rococo a late outgrowth of Baroque. Neo-Classic Painting – In the work of David, an idealizing style associated with the French Revolution, a heroic art looking back to classical ideals and values, and Renaissance like stability and balance of composition. In the work of his followers a less political, even conservative style. Romantic Painting – In the work of Gericault and Delacroix, the use of loose expressive brushstroke, vigorous color and light, and sometimes controversial contemporary...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...management, the Andersen Corp. and our local Renewal by Andersen team continue to set high benchmarks for the window industry. Engineering processes have evolved significantly over the centuries. In the Roman-era, manufacturing glass window panes was...
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...Essay Question One The beliefs about death had evolved greatly over the periods of time. Whether it may have been the First humans, the Sumerians, the Ancient Americans, Jewish, Christian, or any religion in between, each era was a bit different. The comparison and contrast to one another have different aspects to how they perceive the afterlife or what happens before and after death. As time passed, many different religious faiths existed. How each transpired was solely based on the era. In ancient times, there were a variety of religious faiths in existence. However, there were three that stood out from the rest. The first was the Mesopotamian faith (early ancient times), which was of great importance within Mesopotamian culture. For Mesopotamians, the gods were living realities who affected all aspects of life. The center of each Mesopotamian community was the temple complex, which consisted of ziggurat with a temple at the top. It was here that the main god or goddess, in the form of a statue, resided. It would be here that all religious ceremonies took place. This temple complex would dominate both individual and commercial life, thus demonstrating the close relationship between religion and culture within Mesopotamia and the belief that there was an afterlife of immortality. The second was the Egyptian faith. Like the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians held their faith in high regard. They had a vast number of gods, all of which were associated with heavenly...
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...The Romantic Age created a new path for American literature and promoted different ways of viewing life. Since writers of this time were more idealistic, they looked at life at how it could or should be, not as it was. Great literary works such as Irving's "The Devil and Tom Walker," Hawthorne's "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment," and Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death" are representative of their literary age because they exemplify numerous Romantic Age characteristics. In Washington Irving's short story, "The Devil and Tom Walker," great use of imagination is shown. As Tom is walking through the forest, several inventive stories explain what he sees. A firm piece of ground is said to be from an Indian fort for refugee squaws and children during...
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...This time period was known as the Dark Ages. Roman art began to incorporate barbarian styles of art, including metalwork, relief sculpture, and illuminated manuscripts. Latin cross churches and basilica churches mark the emergence of medieval architecture under the Carolingian Empire. Under the Carolingians, church architecture broke away from the balanced roman proportions to a increasing verticality, meaning the height of the churches grew significantly compared to the length and horizontal dimensions. The face of the church was now called a westwork, for the churches built were facing west. Westworks followed a three-by-three grid with a main entrance and two sub-entrances on each side. The best example of a Carolingian building that is still around today isn’t a church but a chapel...
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...What do you know about the St. Helen’s Cathedral? Well i can tell you what i know about the St. Helen’s Cathedral. The cathedral is the most magnificent building i have ever saw. It has gone through a lot of but it is still standing. The architecture of St. Helen’s Cathedral is very interesting . For example the lights they are the speakers to for the surround sound. A man dipped his airplane throw the top of it. The cathedral is a big gothic church based off a church in germany. The cathedral holds the tradition of the Great churches of the middle ages telling the consecutive stories of the old and new testaments in stained glass windows. These are some examples of the history and architecture. Work on the cathedral began in 1908 under the direction Company of New York and Sequoia Stone was laid October 4th of that year. June of 1929, the cathedral of St. Helena was consecrated and set aside for the exclusive worship of gold. In the fall of 1935 a series of earthquakes struck the state of Montana damaging the region and many buildings were hard hit. The cathedral was not Spared during those months when the earth shifted so violently. Most extensively...
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...1) The Classic period is from about 500 to 350 b.C. In this period nearly all possible cultural expressions flourished: philosophy, politics, literature, music, painting, sculpture and architecture. 2) The Hellenistic period emerged, approximately, 323-30BC. Beginning after the conquests of Alexander the Great, the period experienced prosperity and progress in the decorative and visual arts, exploration, literature, sculpture, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, and science. The Hellenistic era experienced an age of eclecticism, a new awakening of the diverse knowledge and theories present in Greek culture. Instead of contemplating and debating ideals, logic, extinguished emotion, or consummate beauty, people would explore and analyze reality. 3)The Romans painted directly on the walls of their rooms, and also on portable panels. In Third and Fourth Style wall paintings, we can even see imitations of portable paintings - these are paintings of paintings, as it were. Domestic interiors were claustrophobic - windowless and dark - so the Romans used painted decoration to visually open up and lighten their living spaces. Technical elements of Roman painting include the fresco technique; brightly colored backgrounds; division of the wall into multiple rectangular areas; multi-point perspective; and effects 4)Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realism movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction...
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...During the medieval period, Religion was a topic of great importance within a person's life. The church guided society and culture based on the teachings and understandings of the life of Jesus Christ. We are able to highlight the importance of the church during the medieval period through the teachings and life of Jesus. The characteristics of the medieval period and the impact of important aspects such as monasteries, art and architecture and health and medicine, give us a more in depth idea of what it was like during the middle ages and how people were drawn to religion and the teachings of the church. Beginning in the 300s, monasticism affected the entire church and also influenced European culture, theology, agricultural methods, art, music and architecture. Monasticism is a way of life in which a group of individuals pursue holiness. It is one of the...
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...in the RGB colour model, used to create all the colours on the screen of a television or computer monitor. The modern English word blue comes from Middle English bleu or blewe, from the Old French bleu, a word of Germanic origin, related to the Old High German word blao.[2] The clear sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the blue wavelengths are scattered more widely by the oxygen and nitrogen molecules, and more blue comes to our eyes. Rayleigh scattering also explains blue eyes; there is no blue pigment in blue eyes. Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective. Blue has been used for art, decoration and as a clothing dye since ancient times. The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli, coming from mines in Afghanistan, was used in ancient Egypt for jewelry and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments. In the Middle Ages, cobalt blue was used to colour the stained glass windows of cathedrals. Beginning in the 9th century, Chinese artists used cobalt to make...
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