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Stair-Step Heifers

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In cow/calf beef production it is important to both replace the herd, and have adequate nutrition for your cows and calves. Aggressively feeding replacement heifers large quantities of nutrient rich feed is common practice to reach the target proportion of their mature body weight (50 to 65%) before breeding. Additional body fat retention is also common practice as it supports continued growth, pregnancy, and lactation. It was hypothesized that heifers exposed to a lower level of nutrition during the peripubertal period would have less methylation of the DNA in the ovarian cortex and mammary gland. It was also hypothesized that heifers fed for rapid growth would have decreased ovarian reserve, over the heifers fed for slow growth during puberty. …show more content…
Both groups were fed for 84 days, but the Stair-Step heifers were offered 157 kcal ME/BW kg0.75 while the Conventional heifers were offered 228 kcal ME/BW kg0.75. The reproductive tracts of the heifers were then harvested and weighed. Ovarian weight, height, and length were measured, and the diameter of the endometrium connected to the uterine horns was measured. The mammary gland was detached then split upon the median suspensory ligament. One half of the mammary gland went to measurement of DNA methylation, and the other for histology. The mammary fat pad was also extracted and parenchymal tissue was extracted 1 to 2 cm from the rear teat. Global methylation of DNA from parenchymal tissue, mammary fat, and ovarian tissue was determined through DNA extraction. Capillary area density, capillary surface density, percentage of alveolar area, and mammary weights did not differ between the two groups. Reduced (P= 0.09) cellular proliferation of alveolar tissue in Stair-Step vs. Conventional heifers was

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