...that might be involved in developing a standard of practice. Outline the Process for Developing Nursing Standards of Practice and Identify the Different Entities That Might Be Involved in Developing a Standard of Practice. When outlining the process for developing standards of practice the American Nurses Association relies on members as the first link in developing an official resource. Members are nominated to a working group that researches the issue at hand and writes a statement before going to the ANA for final approval. This bottom-up approach ensures the standards are current and accurately represent nurses across the nation (ANA 2014). The Department of Health Scope of Practice Tree asks us, Is the act permitted or prohibited by the nurse practice act, Is it consistent with standards? Do you have current clinical skills to perform the act safely? Is the act with in in standard of care? Are you prepared to accept the consequences of your action? The six main categories of practice are assessment, Analysis, Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. By implementing standards of care we are able to provide excellent care to out patients. Different entities that might be involved in developing a standard of practice are The American nurses Association and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JACHO) have established and recognized standards of care. Standards of care are found at the national and...
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...created to work and write standards and are open to anyone to participate. They strive for broad representation of all interested parties and encourage global participation. IEEE standards have a comprehensive listing of working groups but not all have public viewable websites. I will focus on the Information Technology working group with the sub-directory of Software and Systems Engineering. The IEEE Computer Society is the largest association for computer professionals in the world and was founded more than 50 years ago. The Software and Systems Engineering Group/Committee mission is to develop and maintain a family of software and systems engineering standards that are relevant, coherent, comprehensive and effective in use. These standards are developed for use by practitioners, organizations, and educators to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their software engineering processes, and also to improve communications between acquirers and suppliers and the quality of delivered software and systems containing software. They also work to support and promote a Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, certification mechanisms for software engineering professionals, and other products contributing to the profession of software engineering. Justification of IEEE 802 standard used in networking Looking from the outside it looks simple to connect computers through networks. But with everything in life, there should be rules and standards to follow. One such set of...
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...book, a gold standard is a diagnostic test that is assumed to be able to determine the true disease of the patient. The gold standard is said to have known validity and reliability, and is used as a benchmark in which other diagnostic tests (screening test) are compared to. In the study, hearing loss is observed in one hundred and seventeen patients with a history of hearing loss, undergoing pure tone audiometry (PTA) for the first time. The patients in the study were divided into two groups, one of which reported increased TV volume and the other reported no increase in volume. The screening test in the article is the diagnostic utility of using television volume as a marker for hearing loss. This screening test is compared to the gold standard for hearing loss which is known as a pure tone audiogram (PTA). Each patient’s PTA was used as a reference standard. The results of the experiment indicated that if the patient reported viewing television with an increased volume, then there was a 68 per cent chance of the patient have a hearing loss of 25 dB or more. Although the study concluded that self-reported television volume can be a useful screening tool in patients presenting with hearing impairment, it is not very specific and should not be used to replace the current gold standard to measure hearing loss. Increased television volume had a sensitivity of 81 per cent and a specificity of 52 per cent as a predictor of hearing loss. A hypothetical ideal gold standard test has a sensitivity...
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...Assignment 1 Standards Research Yvonne Mitchell Strayer University Summer 2015 Dr. Constance Blanson Communication Technologies Assignment 1: Standards Research Abstract Information technology is at the center of daily operations for millions of people around the world. Almost everyone uses at least one piece of technology in his or her everyday routine, whether it is a cell phone/smartphone, laptop computer, tablet, or other device. With that being said, standards are implemented to help regulate this technology so that it functions properly. By definition, a standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to certify that materials, products, processes and services are adequately fulfilling their purpose. This paper will answer the 4 questions/topics outlined in regards to standards research. Select one of the working groups in the IETF or IEEE and briefly summarize what this working group is working on. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is in charge of developing voluntary Internet standards. These standards make up the TCP/IP Internet protocols. The working groups are organized into different areas: General, Applications, Real-time Applications and Infrastructure, Operations and Management, Routing, Security, and Transport. (Active IETF Working Groups) The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) focuses on the educational and technical advancement of electrical...
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...org/2009/02/gold-standard-explained.html https://books.google.co.za/books?id=tuP0CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140&dq=Gold+Standard+explained&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIwNPEmLHExwIVRdYUCh3QlArs#v=onepage&q=Gold%20Standard%20explained&f=false http://econ.economicshelp.org/2009/02/gold-standard-explained.html Verskaf ‘n kort geskiedenis van die Goue Standaard as ‘n internasionale monetêre stelsel, en verskaf argumente teen die terugkeer na die Goue Standaard. / Provide a brief history of the Gold Standard as an international monetary system, and provide arguments against returning to the Gold Standard. Introduction Body. The Gold Standard was a monetary system where the standard unit of currency was a fixed weight of gold at a fixed price with an intrinsic value. The Gold Standard system fixed the value of paper money (also known as fiat money), which circulates as a medium of exchange, by allowing it to convert into a certain amount of gold on demand. Furthermore, the rates of exchange between national currencies were also fixed. The advantage of the gold standard is that the amount of gold was relatively stable. It means that governments couldn't print money and create inflation. It also created confidence in the financial system. From 1871 till 1914 the Gold Standard was at its pinnacle. During this period, there were near perfect political contexts which existed. Governments tried to cooperate in order to make the Gold Standard system work, but...
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...Working Group in the IEFT The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has an overall mission to make the internet work better and to run faster. The way that they accomplish this is by creating high quality and technical documents that are relevant to influence the way that people use, design and manage through the internet (Working Groups). Within the IETF, there are many different working groups. Working groups in the IETF have primary mechanisms so that the development of IETF and the specifications and guidelines have certain recommendations and standards (Working Groups). Working groups were created so that it can address and fix certain problems. Working groups usually do not last long because once it completes what it was out to do then they no longer are generally needed. There are many active working groups in the IETF. One of the working groups is called Applications Area Working Group (APPSAWG). This group was started in October of 2010. This group focuses on many different topics which might be the reason to why there group has been around for a few years. Some of the main points in which APPSAWG works on include Well-defined security issues that are relevant to multiple application technologies (APPSAWG). Another of the main points that APPSAWG focuses on according to Applications Area Working Group is “small-scale additions to the protocol stack for HTTP and other application technologies, mostly related to service discovery and meta-data”. Then...
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...Standard Oil Abstract In this paper I discuss Antitrust laws were created to preserve and promote free competition between companies. These laws were developed over the years and encourage corporations to have lower pricing and produce better products for consumers. Without laws, businesses could merge to create monopolies or engage in exclusive contracts that can increase market prices. Standard Oil was investigated due to the nature of how they gained a monopoly in the oil business. They controlled 90% of the oil refined in the United States due to their collusion between the individual companies under the corporate shell (“The dismantling,” 2004). Their market power was so high that they sold more oil overseas than the U.S. Among their tactics, they undercut prices temporarily to force their competitors to either sell to Standard Oil or close their business. They purchased the equipment needed to make oil barrels so that their competitors could not get their oil to their customers. They used thugs and threats of violence against those that refused to bend to their demands. And finally, their attitude and lack of cooperation towards the government intervention alongside the widespread disgust and revulsion by the public led Standard Oil to be charged under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Kopel & Bast., 2001). Some of the pecuniary and nonpecuniary costs included closing of businesses, monopoly pricing of oil and the refined products, higher unemployment...
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...of his Presidency. One controversial decision FDR made was to remove the US from the Gold Standard which he did in June of 1933.1 The Gold Standard is a monetary system in which currency is backed by gold. The decision to remove the United States from the Gold Standard came as a result of the tremendous economic hardship of the Great Depression, which Americans had already been enduring the symptoms of for several years before FDR took office in 1932.2 The Gold Standard was not plausible according to many economic experts because with the Depression came staggering unemployment numbers as high as forty percent in some parts. Nearly 13 million people were out of work when Roosevelt took office.3 Whitehouse.gov Many people lived in extremely crowded living arrangements especially people of color. In 1913 the Federal Reserve was created, it was suppose to alleviate the fears of American account holders and prevent run on from banks in two ways: It could provide a vehicle for banks to borrow cash during times of stringency; therefore, satisfying their customer’s needs. The other avenue the Fed had was to create a new form of currency or Federal Reserve Notes. 2 ________________________________________________________________ 1. “FDR takes United States off gold standard,” The History Channel website, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fdr-takes-united-states-off-gold-standard (accessed Apr 26, 2014). 2. Elkwell, Craig K....
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...Assignment 1: Standards Research CIS 505 Communication Technologies In the telecommunications industry standards are required to govern the physical, electrical, and procedural characteristics of communication equipment. Standards have a number of advantages and disadvantages. (Stallings, 2009). Standards are published documents that establish specifications and procedures designed to maximize the reliability of the materials, products, methods, and/or services people use every day. Standards address a range of issues, including but not limited to various protocols to help maximize product functionality and compatibility, facilitate interoperability and support consumer safety and public health. Standards form the fundamental building blocks for product development by establishing consistent protocols that can be universally understood and adopted. Standards also make it easier to understand and compare competing products. As standards are globally adopted and applied in many markets, they also fuel international trade. (IEEE, 2013). Working Groups develop and write standards per PAR approval. They strive for broad representation of all interested parties and encourage global participation. (IEEE, 2013). IEEE 1703-2012 is the standard for LAN/WAN node communication protocol to complement the utility industry end device data tables. This standard was developed and formed with ANSI (published as ANSI C12.22) and Measurement Canada (published as MC12.22) to improve...
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... (10 Marks) Based on Problem 2.19, page 36 in the book and the BULB data for two manufacturers, A and B: a. Construct a frequency distribution, percentage distribution and cumulative percentage for each manufacturer. |Manufacturer A |FREQUENCY | |Mean | 7,377.33 |Mean | 8,260.90 | |Standard Error | 135.38 |Standard Error | | | | | |143.86 | |Median | 7,316.50 |Median | 8,140.50 | |Mode | 8,416.00 |Mode |#N/A | |Standard Deviation | 856.23 |Standard Deviation | | | | | |909.83 | |Sample Variance | 733,128.43 |Sample Variance | 827,788.91 | |Kurtosis |- 1.01 |Kurtosis |- | | | |...
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...Aimee Voisin Mrs. Furr World Literature 1 06 February 2016 Noah, My Standard Bearer The biblical servant of God, Noah, who was born 2970 years before Christ, has been chosen as the person after whom I would like to pattern my life. Noah’s life set standards of strength, divine faith, righteousness, and obedience. These are positive guidelines that would enhance my life. Today, we too, like Noah, live in a corrupt, wicked, sexual deviant society and often find it difficult to do what we know is acceptable. With all the corruptness in our society today, we too can appreciate Noah’s world. It’s often difficult in our wicked society, to stay steadfast and adhere to our moral and spiritual standards. With the temptations that surround daily life, reflecting upon Noah’s great strength of character is a sustaining force to guide us. Even though my divine faith will not ever be as strong as Noah’s, and it is not likely that I shall ever build an ark, my faith increases with Noah as my standard bearer. We can only imagine the scorn, ridicule and contempt that Noah experienced while living in a desert and building a huge boat, yet by faith he continued. Not only was Noah uniquely righteous and possessed of strong faith, but he also was implicit in his obedience in doing what he was commanded. Many times we know what we ought to do but are remising in doing it. Not only did Noah take on the colossal of building the ark, but he wisely kept an accurate log of important...
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...Standard Deviation (1 of 3) Introduction So far, we have introduced two measures of spread; the range (covered by all the data) and the inter-quartile range (IQR), which looks at the range covered by the middle 50% of the distribution. We also noted that the IQR should be paired as a measure of spread with the median as a measure of center. We now move on to another measure of spread, the standard deviation, which quantifies the spread of a distribution in a completely different way. Idea The idea behind the standard deviation is to quantify the spread of a distribution by measuring how far the observations are from their mean, x. The standard deviation gives the average (or typical distance) between a data point and the mean, x. Notation There are many notations for the standard deviation: SD, s, Sd, StDev. Here, we'll use SD as an abbreviation for standard deviation, and use s as the symbol. Calculation In order to get a better understanding of the standard deviation, it would be useful to see an example of how it is calculated. In practice, we will use a computer to do the calculation. Example: Video Store Customers The following are the number of customers who entered a video store in 8 consecutive hours: 7, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 15, 9 To find the standard deviation of the number of hourly customers: 1. Find the mean, x of your data: (7+9+5+. . .+9) = 9 8 2. Find the deviations from the mean: the difference between each observation...
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...STANDARD OIL TRUST Question 1: With reference to the levels and spheres of corporate power discussed in the chapter, how did the power of Standard Oil change society? Was this power exercised in keeping with the social contract of Rockefeller’s era? Answer: Standard Oil changed society in reference to levels and spheres of corporate power in terms of economic power by its ability to buy out competitors and close down refineries and on a deeper level it provided stability in the prices of oil and also produced a consistent product that people could rely upon for safety reasons as competitor products were unreliable and often mistrusted. From a technological power stance Standard Oil heavily influenced the transportation rates to tip them in the company’s favor and further pressure competitors to spend more money for the same service. Cultural power was shown by standard oil to change society to in a positive manner allowing households to be lit up at night which is a direct result of more enriched lives. Standard Oil’s power was not exercised in keeping with the social contract of that time. While there were not laws in effect at that time to say Rockefeller was behaving unethically it is obvious by the manner in which he managed to bankrupt and buy out competitors by tipping the market in his favor to arrive at the conclusion he did violate the social contract of his era. “These anticompetitive practices of rebates and predatory pricing forced competitors to...
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...corporation power discussed in this chapter, I think that economic, cultural, and political power of Standard Oil has led to major changes in society. On page 79 the book states, “Rockefeller Company was capitalized at $70 million and produced 90% of the nation’s refining output.” This boosted the American economy and eventually cars came along and this fueled the auto industry. The power of Standard Oil enhanced living standards in America and made living more efficient. No the power was not exercised in keeping with the social contract to Rockefeller’s era. Rockefeller used unethical methods in running his business. The book states multiple examples of Rockefeller being unethical in his business practices. “The intelligence gathering network paid competitor’s employees to pass information to Standard Oil,” as stated in the book. Rockefeller did this for his own personal gain and self-interest. 2. “Business power is the force behind an act by a company, industry, or sector,” as stated in the book. Rockefeller prevented his competitors from getting into the oil market which lead to Rockefeller controlling the market. The book says, “its basic origin is a grant of authority from society to convert resources efficiently into needed goals and services.” Rockefeller did convert his resources and did what he needed to reach his goals, but he did this with an unethical approach. I would say Standard Oil illustrates the dominance theory. The company was more focused on their own assets and...
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...Standards Organizations June 15, 2015 James Mullen University of Phoenix Joseph Kaluzny NTC/409 Imagine if you will the amount of data that flows through our communication lines at any given time, you will still be counting long after my lifespan and beyond, there’s that much data. What we witness as everyday patrons who succumb to the thresholds in data communication restrictions if it were to run without direction, then all of our communication would experience extreme latency during transfer. Because of this constant object standing in the way of smooth data transfers, Standards were put in place to monitor and maintain the process. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers or IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers or IEEE, was officially formed in January 1963 from two individual companies the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), and American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE). Together they would design what we have come to know today as our internet. The IEEE main function and purpose is to instill a scientific and educational means to advance theory and practices of Electronics, Computer engineering, Electrical, and Communications in their own respective fields. IEEE plays a very big part, much like a conductor for an orchestra, IEEE is the “conductor” and the instruments are the organizations that work under IEEE in organizing our data. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) A well-known Standards Organization...
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