...Papers Home Page » Business and Management Steel Industries of Bangladesh In: Business and Management Steel Industries of Bangladesh STEEL INDUSTRIES OF BANGLADESH REPORT ON FOCUS The report “Bangladesh on its way of becoming self sufficient in rod production, export is also a possibility” by Shuvankar karmakar, that was analyzed here, was published in the Daily Prothom Alo, on 17th November, 2012. BACKGROUND Bangladesh Steel industry is emerging as one of the major industrial sectors of the country. It consists of small up to the largest scale of steel melting and re-rolling factories across the country that mostly produce deformed bar rod of different grade (40, 60, 500), angel, channel and coil for the construction industry. Though the history of Steel Industry is not older one but it can make a glorious future. Before 1971 Bangladesh did not have any steel mill and even after the liberation there were only a few steel factories in the country. In 1990s the actual development began in this sector through a revolution. During that period the building constructing agencies or developer companies came forward to build modern infrastructure. Then with the increasing demand, new investors started investing in steel or rod production. In 2012 we have almost 400 mills across the country including Dhaka, Chittagong. Although most of them are manual steel plants, 30 mills among them are automated. Many steel producing companies have gained reputation as a...
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...taken by an individual manager or by an organization at the strategic, functional or operational levels Reinventing a Giant Corporation: The Case of Tata Steel D V R Seshadri and Arabinda Tripathy A KEY WORDS Reinvention Change Management Turnaround Tata Steel Liberalization Response to Globalization t the meeting of the senior management of Tata Steel to celebrate the spectacular performance of the company, Mr. B Muthuraman, the Managing Director, recalled with satisfaction the remarkable strides that the company had made from the difficult days in the early nineties, when the company, used to a protected environment, was suddenly thrown open to global competition, consequent to the liberalization of the Indian economy. The company had closed the year with a record profit of Rs. 34.74 billion. A series of initiatives launched by the company over the last 15 years had culminated in these stellar results although there were many challenges at every step. At each stage in its journey, the company did what needed to be done. In retrospect, however, the various initiatives launched by the company over the years now appeared to fit into a coherent picture. The company had made steady progress over the years and had now achieved a pre-eminent status in the Indian steel industry. It had become one of the lowest cost steel producers in the world five years ago, a distinction that it had continued to maintain. All key performance indicators indicated that the company was in the...
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...Seunghun Lee HIS 312 Dr. Pankratz FEB. 28. 2011 Iron Manufacturing Activity in America Colonial and Revolutionary Period Iron production in the US dates back to the colonial era where iron production was still low and there were no iron producing industries then. It was in 1771 when a few tons of iron were being supplied to the country and the factories were few. The revolutionary brought about the need to produce more iron in the country. Iron is extracted from iron ore which is smelted then blown with air. It is then cleaned of any impurities and carbon to ensure it is good for use. Iron was the booming industry in the US since it is a much easier metal to make than extracting steel. Back in 1647 was the first iron works in the US referred to as the Hammersmith which were not in operation for long. Other subsequent iron manufacturers were erected near to the ore suppliers and near the transport ways (High Beam Research, Para 1). The iron manufacturing areas were in colonial America, eastern Pennsylvania near the Delaware River, western Pennsylvania around the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, and the Hudson River valley in New York and New Jersey. Most of the industries producing iron did not manage to develop and were tiny since the cost of fuel needed to run their furnaces was high. Another reason for their lack of development was the fact that there was a low efficiency in the supply of fuel. The production of iron was made difficult by these factors...
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...Abstract Our Senior Design project was based on the design and manufacturing of a devise capable of testing the physical properties of the main housing of an AR-15 modern sporting rifle. The main housing of an AR-15, as well as any other firearm, is known as the lower receiver; the lower receiver houses the springs, hammer, trigger and magazine. As a third party, we were commissioned by Lively Machine to test the physical properties of these lower receivers that the shop was producing. The purpose of the design of this devise was to test the tensile properties of the components upper receiver attachment pin holes. We also performed a compression test on another critical component of the lower receiver, the magazine well. The newest design in the firearm industry calls for lower receivers to be made from magnesium, as opposed to the old models of aluminum. We will display the data we received from the tensile and compression testing of the magnesium component, and then compare it to a theoretical testing of the currently used 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy. The Modern Sporting Rifle There are many widespread misconceptions about the modern day sporting rifle also known as the AR-15. The most popular misconception is that the AR-15 sporting rifles are military grade weapons, this is a false accusation. Cosmetically the AR-15 sporting rifle is nearly identical to its’ military counterpart the M16, the functionality of the sporting series is much different. A military grade M16 is...
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...Discuss the trends in the steel industry and how it may impact Nucor’s strategy. Nucor Corporation started as a Nuclear Corporation of America. The latter was a highly diversified and marginally profitable company; the company products included instruments, rare hearths, semiconductors and construction. One of the company potential acquisitions was Coast Metals, a family owned producer of specialty metals. When the acquisition fell through, Nuclear hired one of the top engineers as a consultant to recommend other acquisition targets. Ken Iverson who was the president and CEO of the Nucor Corp. had strong technical skills and general management experience. The Nuclear Corporation of America was involved in the nuclear instrument and electronic business. The company went through many years of severe financial strains; he was responsible for the supervising the joist operations as well as the research, chemical and construction segments. Shortly after Iverson became the CEO of the company, he concluded that the best way to put the company on sound footing was to exit the nuclear instrument and electronics business and rebuild the company around its profitable South Carolina based Vulcraft subsidiary which was in the steel joist business. So Iverson moved the company’s headquarter from Phoenix, Arizona to Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1966 and proceeded to expand the joist business with new operations in Texas and Alabama. The company adopted the name Nucor Corp. in 1972, than...
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...-Examples of internal drivers for change (inefficiencies within the business) at CSP UK included: Poor delivery - rather than delivering steel to customers on time there were delays, leading to loss of business. Competitiveness - steel produced in the UK could be more expensive than from some other countries. High wastage - failing to make products right first time meant that they had to be reworked or scrapped. Low staff morale – employees were committed but were not motivated by the environment in which they were carrying out their jobs. External drivers (pressures for change outside the business) came from: New competitors – low cost producers in Eastern Europe and the Far East were taking business. This could lead to reduced demand with higher costs. Changing customer requirements – for example, the fall in demand for steel for the automotive industry meant that Corus needed to find different types of customers or develop different products. New technology meant customers expected higher specifications. Perceptions of the steelmaking industry within the community tended to be negative – for example, the industry was seen as having a poor record on environmental issues. Total Quality Management (TQM) initiatives had previously been implemented to great effect at CSP UK to improve productivity and improve competitiveness. CSP UK had also previously reduced manpower for the same purpose. However, Corus Strip Products is a business with deeply committed people...
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...AN ASSIGNMENT ON MERGER AND ACQUISITION OF Tata Steel and Corus BY Lokesh Bhatiya 09MBA02 SEMESTER 4 INTRODUCTION: STEEL INDUSTRY Contribution in the development of India’s economic growth: The Indian steel industry is more than 100 years old now. The first steel ingot was rolled on 16th February 1912 - a momentous day in the history of industrial India. Steel is crucial to the development of any modern economy and is considered to be the backbone of the human civilization. The level of per capita consumption of steel is treated as one of the important indicators of socio-economic development and living standard of the people in any country. It is a product of a large and technologically complex industry having strong forward and backward linkages in terms of material flow and income generation. All major industrial economies are characterized by the existence of a strong steel industry and the growth of many of these economies has been largely shaped by the strength of their steel industries in their initial stages of development. India is the seventh largest steel producer in the world, employing over half a million people directly with a cumulative capital investment of around Rs. one lakh crore. It is a core sector essential for economic and social development of the country and crucial for its defense. The Indian iron and steel industry contributes about Rs.8,000 crore to the national exchequer in the form of excise and custom...
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...Introduction VBF Tubing is the largest steel producer in the Netherlands. VBF produces welded steel tubing plants in three of its plants. These tubes find application in various fields ranging from structural components to gas, steam & liquid transmission. The major concern for VBF is their low inventory ($ 4.5 million) turning rate. Process i. Raw material preparation: Flat rolled steel is used as raw material, which is wound into rolls, unwounded, and then the start of one coil is welded against the end of previous coil. Continuous steel strip is then fed to tube forming & welding operation. ii. Tube formation: Two basis sizes called as ‘Mother Tubes’of 4 & 3 inch diameter. 4 inches in diameter accounted for 90% production. 3 inch mother tube produced over a 5 day period, only 3 times a year because it required a major changeover. iii. Stretch-reduction: Vast majority of 4 inch tubes are stretched & reduced in SRM machine into smaller dia. (0.5-2.5 inch). There is a production loss of 10 days when 4 inches are being cut. Production rates are minimum for smaller dials. iv. Finishing operations: Cost of storage of semi-finished tube is $400/ton. Various operations performed in finishing include zinc plating, threading tube ends, and adding caps before shipping to the customer. Problem Statement i. The inventory turnover is very low in spite of increasing demand. Excess holding of 3000 tonnes of finished goods indicates major problems in the sales operations. ii. 15...
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...Year Eleven Chemistry Rust prevention in coating. Introduction/Abstract. The context of ships rusting at sea. Steel has many properties that make it a useful and essential building material in boats. Its strength and durability make it a great choice for structures exposed to high amounts of stress, such as weather, heat, large amounts of applied force and constant usage and is also a viable option for the sea although it can still be bettered. Steel is better protected by; galvanisation, waterproof paint or a sacrificial anode to better the corrosion protection for boats in the water compared to just bare steel framework (Corrosion methods, Corrosion-doctors.com;) these methods in theory protect the steel from the chlorides and salts to further the durability and life of the framework of a boat and hence allow them to endure more, and with corrosion costing $2.7 billion to just ships alone it’s easy to see why corrosion must be prevented. (The cost to the world because of corrosion with ships at $2.7 billion.) The chemistry of rust. Rust is caused by a few factors; moisture is the leading cause of rust along with water and salt, all making boats the most common victims of rust. (4 Fe+ 3O2 + 6 H2O= 4 Fe(OH)3,) Both water and oxygen must be present for rust to start and with water and oxygen on its own enough for rust to start destroying the structure of a boat, but along with salt to the water, it’ll become evident quickly that rust can be a big problem for many boat...
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...ArcelorMittal is a steel and mining company with a global presence in more than 60 countries. It is a leader in major global carbon steel markets such as automotive, construction, and household appliances to name a few. It is the combination of Arcelor and Mittal Steel, the latter being the origin of the present company. Mr. Lakshmi N. Mittal, Chairman and CEO of ArcelorMittal, started in the steel industry by building his first steel plant in Indonesia in 1976. This would form the beginning of Ispat International, while also establishing its parent holding company, LNM Group. In the 1980’s, still a minor player in the steel industry, Mittal looked to a new potential raw material source, DRI (Direct-reduced Iron). This had immense potential as production costs could be reduced by half while production volume itself could increase by tenfold. In 1989, Mittal leased one of the largest DRI suppliers, Trinidad & Tobago, and later bought it outright in 1994. As Ispat and LNM Group continued to expand over the next decade, Ispat acquired its parent, LNM Group, in 2004, and immediately merged with International Steel to form Mittal Steel, making it one of the largest steel companies in the world by volume and a major player in the steel industry. Mittal Steel’s growth finally led to the proposed acquisition, in 2006, of the world’s second largest steel producer in terms of production, Arcelor. After this successful acquisition, ArcelorMittal succeeded Mittal Steel and became...
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...Manikandan Tata’s Corus Valuation Introduction: Tata Steel was established by an Indian, Jamshetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1907. Though he died in 1904, before the project came to light, he sowed the seeds for a company that can stand the test of times. A century later, they took over Corus to become the 5th largest steel producer in the world. On January 31st 2007, Tata Steel took over Corus for USD 12.11 Billion. It took 9 rounds of bidding against a Brazilian competitor, CSN to seal the deal. The deal between Tata and Corus was officially announced on April 2nd 2007 at a price of 608 pence per common share in cash. It was a 100% acquisition and a new entity was born, to be run by one of Tata’s subsidiary in London. When the acquisition process started off in 2005, the initial offer was 455 pence and finally ended with Tata paying 608 pence, which is 33.6% more than the initial offer. This raises many an eyebrows about the final price. What transpired between 2005 and 2007? Was 608 pence/share a fair price? Steel Industry Tata Steel has its own mines and manufacturing units for the production of all kinds of steel. Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight depending on the grade. Iron, like most metals, is found in the Earth's crust only in the form of an ore, i.e. combined with other elements such as oxygen or sulfur. Iron imputed with carbon forms steel. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for...
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... Nucor Corporation was the most profitable steel producer in North America in both 2005 and 2006. It is regarded as a low-cost steel producer in the United States, and one of the most efficient and technologically innovative steel producers in the world. Nucor is known for its aggressive pursuit of innovation and technical excellence, rigorous quality systems, strong emphasis on employee relations and workforce productivity, cost conscious corporate culture, and ability to achieve low costs per ton produced (C-194). Offering a streamlined organizational structure, Nucor uses its ability to achieve incentive-based compensation systems that rewards goal-orientated individuals for their performance. Over the years Nucor has expanded progressively into the manufacturer of a wider and wider range of steel products, which has gotten it to be able to offer steel users one of the broadest product lineups in the industry. In this industry steel products are considered commodities, and most steel plants turn out products with comparable quality to other companies. This makes one producer’s reinforcing bar essentially the same as another producer’s reinforcing bar, which in turn makes a particular grade of sheet steel made at one plant almost identical to the same grade of sheet steel made from another plant (C-195). Because of this, steel producers are forced to be price-competitive with the market price of each individual steel product being driven by demand-supply conditions...
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...A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS MODEL FOR THE BEHAVIOUR OF COLD-FORMED STEEL CHANNEL COLUMNS UNDER AXIAL THRUST MASTURA BINTI RAFEK Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA 2010 A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS MODEL FOR THE BEHAVIOUR OF COLD-FORMED STEEL CHANNEL COLUMNS UNDER AXIAL THRUST By MASTURA BINTI RAFEK This report is submitted as a requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MARCH 2010 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I (Mastura Binti Rafek, 2007121693) confirm that the work in this report is my own work and the appropriate credit has been given where references have been made to the work of other researchers. (………………………………………….) Student Name : Mastura Binti Rafek Student ID : 2007121693 Date : 31st MARCH 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to ALLAH S.W.T for giving me the guidance and strength in making this research project proposal a success. I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to all those who helped me navigate this long and fruitful journey. Sincerest thanks go to my supervisor Mr. Mohd. Raizamzamani Bin Md. Zain for his guidance, knowledge, patience, supervision and encouragement towards me in preparation of this study. His are ever dynamic and also his dedication in encourage of young researcher. Not forget, great appreciation go to my friends for their co- operation in completion this project. Finally, to my family...
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...Inthe startup ofnewprocess plants or inthe introductionofnewprocess technology, even minor installation work can cause plant downtime. On the other hand, the increased income from compressing time schedules for the introduction of new process technology or launching of associated newproducts on themarket surely offers an incentive for securing efficient startups,which is the purpose of this study. A review of publications in the area of startup of process plants shows that organizational issues are scarcely discussed. A new conceptual framework has therefore been developed for organizing startups and themodelling of alternative startup organization structures. Four types of organizational models have been depicted,derived frominformation fromthe literature survey and the author’s own first-hand experience of startups. They include a “fully integrated” type of organizational model for startups together with a profiling of startup contexts. How to organize a startup is, however, only one aspect that will determine the outcome of a project, and other influencing factors ought to be further explored. The frameworkmust be tested and validated in real-life startup situations and in further empirical research.The informationfromthe literature survey, the alternative types of startup organizationalmodels and determinants can already be deployed by firms in the Process Industries, triggering discussion and providing guidelines in their selection of preferred startup organization...
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...the general manager of Cliffs and Associates Ltd. (CAL), jointly owned, following a recent joint venture, by Cleveland Cliffs and the German process technology company Lurgi Metallurgie GmbH. Neither of the two had spoken much since they started their journey some eight hours ago in Cleveland, Ohio, where they had presented to the board members of Cleveland Cliffs, the status of the plant that now lay just below them. The purpose of the plant was to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), a product of great importance to steel mills known as “mini-mills”. While not directly visible to the untrained observer, the plant represented a masterpiece of process engineering and technology development. It was the first commercial implementation of the Circored technology, a revolutionary approach to iron ore reduction developed by Lurgi over the previous decade. While CAL could undoubtedly pride itself on creating a scientific breakthrough that was being discussed in the steel industry around the world, the meeting in Cleveland, from which they were returning, was as remote from a celebration as the weather here in the Caribbean was from the early winter storms in Ohio. Both Elmquist and Dowling remembered the final statement that one of the board members had made before they left for the airport: “When we decided to take a crack at Circored, we were hoping to produce at a cost of $90 per ton and sell at a market price of $130 per ton....
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