...ARE ACCOUNTING FRAUDS? | NOTABLE FRAUDS | NOTABLE OUTCOMES | MANIPULATION & FALSIFICATION OF RECORDS | MISAPPROPRIATION OF CASH BALANCES | MISAPPROPRIATION OF GOODS | TEEMING & LADING | WINDOW DRESSING | SECRET RESERVES | ENRON FRAUD | WORLDCOM FRAUD | WHAT ARE FRAUDS ??? FRAUDS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS Misstatements in the financial statements can arise from fraud. In criminal law, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual, Fraud is a crime, and also a civil law violation. Defrauding people or entities of money or valuables is a common purpose of fraud Industries most commonly effected by fraud are banking, manufacturing, and government. Fraud can be committed through many media, including mail, wire, phone, and the Internet (computer crime and Internet fraud). * The term “fraud” refers to an intentional act by one or more individuals among management, those charged with governance, employees or third parties, involving the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. Although fraud is a broad legal concept, the auditor is concerned with fraudulent acts that cause a material misstatement in the financial statements. Misstatement of the financial statements may not be the objective of some frauds. Auditors do not make legal determinations of whether fraud has actually occurred. Fraud involving one or more members of management or those charged with governance is referred to as “management...
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...Acceptance of Terms. Welcome to Boundless! By using www.boundless.com and its subdomains, including our online discussion forums and chat rooms (the “Website”), and the services and features made available through the Website (“Services”), you indicate your unconditional acceptance of the following Terms of Service. Please read these Terms of Service carefully, as they may have changed since your last visit. We reserve the right to change these Terms of Service from time to time for any reason, which shall be effected by posting of the updated Terms of Service towww.boundless.com/terms_of_service. These Terms of Service apply to all Boundless Learning, Inc.’s services and features unless otherwise indicated. Scope of Service. Boundless Learning, Inc. (“Boundless Learning” or “we”) maintains this Website, and provides Services, as a service to the user community that visits the Website subject to these Terms of Service. Users of this Website (“you”) are responsible for obtaining any equipment and Internet service necessary to access our Website and for any paying any fees for the equipment and service you select. We may alter, suspend, or discontinue this Website and/or our Services, in whole or in part, at any time and for any reason, without notice. We may restrict access to portions of our Website and/or Services, for some or all users, from time to time. The Website may also periodically become unavailable due to maintenance or malfunction of computer equipment or for other...
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...of promises for breach of which the law fives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty. The three general sources of contract law for contracts entered into in the United States include common law, the Uniform Commercial Code, and the new sources of law evolving in response to e-commerce. Common Law The common law was the first law of contracts. It consists today of those traditional notions of law and the body of law developed by judicial decisions dealing with contract issues. Common law applies to contracts that have land or services as their subject matter. Contracts for the construction of a home and employment contracts are governed by common law. The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) One of the problems with common law is its lack of uniformity, the states do not follow the same case decisions on contract law, and some states do not follow the Restatement. To address the uniformity, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute worked to draft a set of commercial laws appropriate for businesspeople, lawyers and lawmakers, the result of their efforts was the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). * Article 2 of the UCC Governs contracts for the sale of goods and has been adopted in all states except Louisiana. Under article two contracts can be formed more easily, the standards for performance are more readily defined, and the...
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...response to inquiries about a data breach which involved consumer’s payment card information, Neiman Marcus acknowledged that it is working with the United States Secret Service to investigate a breach that has exposed an unidentified number of customers (Krebs, 2014). Krebs’ Sources from the financial industry reported that there have recently been a rising number of fraudulent payment card charges that were occurring at numerous stores; however the common point of purchase for the fraudulent activity was at Neiman Marcus. The author then proceeded to contact Neiman Marcus, seeking conformation of if there was a breach or not. Ginger Reeder, Spokesperson for Neiman Marcus, explained that a lot of the information on the breach is unknown, because the forensics team that was hired has not completed their investigation on the breach; however she mentioned that there is no evidence that online customers were also affected by the data breach. Eventually Neiman Marcus released a formal disclosure which notified clients that the company was contacted by its credit card processor to notify the, that there was a possibility of fraudulent payment card activity that occurred subsequent to client purchases at their stores. Neiman Marcus then informed federal law enforcement agencies, and began working aggressively with the U.S. Secret Service, the payment brands, their credit card processor, a leading investigations, intelligence and risk management firm, and a leading forensics firm to...
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...the work place if there are not rule and regulation to abide by in the organization. Legal is an act according to law, not in violation of law or anything related to the law. Ethical involving questions of right and wrong behavior relating to ethics and following accepted rules of behavior that are morally right and good. 1. Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question. Marketing is the total of activities involved in the transfer of goods from the producer or seller to the consumer or buyer. Advertising is the act or practice of calling public attention to one's product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers and magazines, over radio or television, and on billboards. According to Mathenge,“Over the years, advertising and marketing communication messages have created a lot of debatable ethical issues, due to the public belief , that advertisements nowadays deeply affect the way people perceive themselves and the world surrounding them, including crucial actions and behaviours.” • Ethical Issues relating to Marketing and Advertising: 1. Stereotyping Marketing campaigns often cast particular groups in stereotypical roles, such as washing powder advertisements that show women as housewives preoccupied with their laundry, or...
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...Chapter 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A fraternity is an organization, formed chiefly for social purposes having secret rites and name consisting of Greek letters. Fraternities get a lot of bad publicity as with that hazing problems at many colleges and universities, but there is another side to fraternities that many people do not see. Fraternities do have plenty of social events, service projects and other school and community related events. There are several factors such as personal, social, emotional and community factors that influence students to join fraternities. In order to join a fraternity, a neophyte has to undergo different rites or servicing in order to be accepted. The frequent reason that students join fraternity is for brotherhood and a place to belong. A special bond is formed between fraternity brothers. They will be there and will do almost anything for each other. Whether these set of friends make or break the student’s academic career, maybe hard to differentiate if a member is having too much fun. It sometimes depends on the individuals on how they will handle their selves as they join fraternities. But regardless, a fraternity is like any other group: what you get out of it depends on who you are and how you handle it .The problem focused on the involvement population/students in fraternities. Presently, the school/community does not recognize the presence of fraternities in the campus/population and have implied rules concerning this matter. But then...
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...Project for IS4550 Shurleen E. Wilson-Fye ITT-Duluth Ms. Brown Contents Coversheet ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 Glossary…………………………………………………………………………………….2-3 Overview, Purpose, Scope……………………..4-5 Training………………………………………………….5-6 Procedure………………………………………………….6 Policy……………….………………………………….….6-9 Policy 1: Information Systems Policy..…..10-13 Policy 2: Security of Laptop…………………..14-16 Policy 3: Clean Desk policy…….……………..17-18 Policy 4: Workstation Policy………………………19 Policy 6: Email Policy………………………..….20-21 Policy 7: Personnel policy………………….…22-23 Policy 9: Data Breach Policy………………...24-27 Policy 10: Software policy………………………29-31 Policy 11: Data and information classification……32 Policy 12: Internal Treats…………………………………….33 Policy 13: Policies and Procedures for Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI) and Personally Identifiable Information (PII)...34-35 Policy 14: Wireless LAN Security Policy……………………..36 IS security Awareness policy…………………………………..37-38 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………39 References……………………………………………………………………40 Overview: DSA contractors has been awarded a contract with the Department of Defense. Our next task is to revamp the companies’ policy to ensure compliance with DOD policy. All employees have to be retrained on new policy to ensure that DSA medicate violations. The attitudes and atmosphere of change will also be needed to ensure compliance with DOD standards. Training sessions is scheduled for all employees...
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...country and Chick-fil-A beat its competitors in outstanding scores for politeness of staff, high marks for food, value and speed of service. When founder and Chief Executive Officer, S. Truett Cathy, founded his first restaurant in 1946 oddly named Dwarf Grill, in Hapeville Georgia, he never thought that he will be involved with constructing the second largest quick-service chicken restaurant chain in the United States, with over 1,700 locations in 39 states and Washington, D.C. In 2012, annual sales were well over $4.6 billion. Not too shabby for a company that since its inception in 1946 closes its doors each and every Sunday faithfully . The key players of this restaurant chain or the executive committee consist of S. Truett Cathy, the Chairman, Founder, and Chief Executive Officer. Cathy built his life and business based on hard work, humility and biblical principles. In his 2002 book, “Eat Mor Chikin: Inspire More People”, he said, “Nearly every moment of every day we have the opportunity to give something to some else-our time, our love, our resources.” With these Truett Cathy has built Chik-fil-A as the second-largest quick-service chicken restaurant chain in the United States based on annual sales. Dan T. Cathy, (son of founder) President and Chief Operative Officer simply describes his position as, “working in customer service.” Rather than leading from the corporate headquarters in Atlanta, Dan chooses to spend the majority of his time traveling to the...
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...power of states in the developing world. However for the purpose of this paper, I view the support of democratization by Western societies as a positive approach to achieving the core significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that is supposedly recognized by all states. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created on the notion of a common human race. It represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are naturally entitled. Of the fifty-eight countries that were members of the United Nations in 1948, forty-eight countries initially approved the document. Essentially all of the world’s states have approved it since then, which indicates that in any event its principle articles should be used by all states as an instrument in binding international law in spite of the presence of treaty ratification or state of war. Considering the fact that most countries have agreed to abide by the Declaration of Human Rights, it can be assumed that all states would have the intention to accomplish that in the best way possible. With the intentions of protecting essential human rights, the promotion of democratization is crucial and the most proficient way possible. The twenty second article of the Declaration of Human Rights states that: (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country...
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...Market: Victoria’s Secret is a retail brand product of lingerie, clothes and beauty products, which is owned by the Limited Brands Company. It has thousands of retail stores opened in the United States and few in Canada. The Products are available through the retail stores, catalogue and online business. Such fast growing market was established by Roy Raymond in San Francisco during the 1970s. Raymond went beyond from just providing the traditional white cotton piece for underwear that sold in department stores, because he offered different colours, patterns and style that created sexiness. Such sexiness is created by combining European elegance and luxury. A market is defined as the set of actual and potential buyers of a product or service (reference). The current market of Victoria’s Secret consists of woman ranging from different ages, especially the younger women age early 20s to mid-30s will buy and prefer to wear luxuries lingerie in order to feel sexy and impress their partners. Other potential buyers are teenage girls going through puberty (age 13+), because they are becoming more aware of their changing body and feeling more mature. Also, some women would buy other type of products beside the lingerie, such as the Pink product line of clothing or the beauty products. In countries such as Canada and United States, the culture is so diverse that the market consists of different ethnic groups. Other buyers are men who would give gifts to their girlfriend or wife. Such...
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...serve many roles and purposes so they also must take care of any issues that arise, dealing with the law and with the safety of the public. This is why the departments have different level of officers designated to carry out certain functions. These roles vary by jurisdiction where there are state, local, and federal jurisdictions. Police Functions and Roles The principal roles and functions of police organizations are the prevention of crime and protection of life, to uphold and enforce the law, to combat public fear of crime, to promote community safety, to control traffic, to encourage respect for the law, to protect the civil rights and liberties of individuals. The police are to protect and serve the community in which they work in. The basic mission of law enforcement is to maintain public safety by reducing the occurrence of crimes in society. To make this happen the Police must play a certain role in society. They are to enforce the laws, help maintain the peace. By providing their service they help prevent crime and by arresting offenders they enforce the laws. (Schmallenger, 2011.) The law determines the functions and roles of the police. The law dictates how they will fulfill these duties. The police have guidelines and restrictions they must follow. There are many different types of law enforcement agencies all over the country. Each agency has their own roles and responsibilities. Agencies at the federal level are the Secret Service which are responsible...
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...Could it be that the United States Government is covering up the existence of aliens? It is believed that the United states Government was covering up information pertaining to UFO sightings in Roswell, Mexico. The Government has sealed several documents discussing both incidents. Melanie Eversley from USA today states “Documents regarding the alleged landing of beings from outer space are locked up at the CIA’s headquarters in Langley, Virginia.” Witnesses have been interrogated and threatened to not speak on what they’ve seen or heard (Blake,34). It all began In July of 1947, something strange happened, a large unidentified flying object was spotted in the sky and crashed in the vast desert of Roswell. A rancher named William Brazel found metallic sticks held together with tape, chunks of plastic and foil reflectors, and scraps of a heavy, glossy, paper-like material. Immediately Brazel called the local sheriff department and spoke with sheriff George Wilcox and stated that he might have recovered the remains of a flying saucer. Wilcox, according to various sources, contacted military authorities at the Roswell Army Air Field, where official Major Jesse Marcel was sent to investigate. After the findings were examined officials were sent to take aways the remaining’s of the crash. This sighting caused chaos in the town of Roswell. There were many eye witness reports of alien like creatures that were next to the destroyed craft. Witnesses who saw the crash site, before confronted...
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...the Iraq war was simply going to be the final stage of the Gulf War, which Bush senior had started in 1990. By 1997, he and a group of other neocons had formed PNAC, a think tank whose primary mission was the Iraq War. The united states secretary of treasurey Paul Oneil went public saying that on Jan 30, 2001, at George W. bush’s first national security council, Bush brings up convictions saying that Saddam Hussein needs to be dealt with. Oneil says that that the overall tone of the meeting was “trying to find a way to invade Iraq”. News reports and Articles began popping up everwhere stating that Saddam Hussein was hording weapons of mass destruction, or simply WMD’s. Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi, known by the Central Intelligence Agency simply as "Curveball", was an Iraqi citizen claiming that he had worked as a chemical engineer at a plant that manufactured mobile biological weapon laboratories as part of an Iraqi weapons of mass destruction program. He was found to have fabricated his stories of WMDs in Iraq. It turns out that Rafid was a German Intelligence asset, used for the purposes of providing fake intelligence to discredit the US and UK. Despite numerous warnings from the German Federal Intelligence Service and the British Secret Intelligence Service questioning the accuracy of the claims, the Bush administration used them to build an excuse for military action, in the lead up to the invasion of Iraq. A study by two nonprofit...
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...heard only in a particular court or type of court, such as a federal court or a state court | alternative dispute resolution (ADR) | The resolution of disputes in ways other than those involved in the traditional judicial process. Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are forms of ADR. | arbitration | The settling of a dispute by submitting it to a disinterested third party (other than a court), who renders a decision. The decision may or may not be legally binding | mediation | A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services of a neutral third party, called a mediator | arbitration clause | A clause in a contract that provides that, in the event of a dispute, the parties will submit the dispute to arbitration rather than litigate the dispute in court. | negotiation | A process in which parties attempt to settle their dispute without going to court, with or without attorneys to represent them. | award | In the context of arbitration, the arbitrator’s decision. | concurrent jurisdiction | Jurisdiction that exists when two different courts have the power to hear a case. For example, some cases can be heard in either a federal or a state court. | diversity of citizenship | A basis for federal court jurisdiction over a lawsuit between * citizens of different states * a foreign country and citizens of a state or of different states * citizens of a state and citizens or subjects...
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...Ronald Reagan started his long career in politics as a long standing Hollywood actor turned Governor of the state of California, with his first term as Governor beginning in 1967, and was re-elected in 1971. Reagan declined to run for a third term as Governor of California in 1975 and began to focus his political career towards the presidency, where in 1980 Ronald Reagan was elected the 40th President of the United States of America, with his presidential term running from 1981 to 1989. Ronald Reagan left behind various legacies throughout his tenure as President, which included drastic reductions of taxes, and stricter control of government spending, allowing him to succeed in managing inflation and stimulate the growth of the American economy. Reagan was known as the president who implemented the modern war on drugs, pioneering the “just say no” campaign and enacting the greatest expansion of zero tolerance legislation in history. Reagan was also known for being harsh against labor unions, with the most significant act being in 1981 with the blanket termination of professional air traffic controller organization (PATCO) members, who despite federal law, walked off the job and refused to end their strike and return to work. But Reagan may be most notably remembered for being the president who ended the cold war. President Reagan adopted an economic strategy known as “stagflation” in which he implemented drastic cuts of income taxes from approximately 70% to 28%, which effected...
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