...match or any routine practice. Such routines should include a warm up session that is followed by a stretching session. The warm up session functions to elevate core temperature by engaging in some light calisthenics or light running (White, 2008). In turn, this increases extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. Similarly, the stretching routine also serves to increase the extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. This paper will give the rational for using dynamic stretching, its benefits and the specific movements that one can use during the stretching process. Dynamic stretching is among the preferred stretching techniques used by a majority coaches. It involves the controlled swinging of both arms and legs without stretching out of one’s range of motion. In this case, the stretch is produced by both active muscular contractions and momentum (Reilly, 2007). During dynamic stretching, one uses certain movements depending on their sport in preparation for body movement. This type of stretching tends to be confused with ballistic stretching. This is because if one stretches beyond their static ability, it is no longer dynamic stretching but rather ballistic stretching. This routine of dynamic stretching should begin from low intensity and gradually progress to movements of higher intensity (White, 2008). This is mainly because dynamic stretching calls for both coordination and balance. This form of preparticipation routine serves as an aerobic...
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...match or any routine practice. Such routines should include a warm up session that is followed by a stretching session. The warm up session functions to elevate core temperature by engaging in some light calisthenics or light running (White, 2008). In turn, this increases extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. Similarly, the stretching routine also serves to increase the extensibility and flexibility of muscles and tissues. This paper will give the rational for using dynamic stretching, its benefits and the specific movements that one can use during the stretching process. Dynamic stretching is among the preferred stretching techniques used by a majority coaches. It involves the controlled swinging of both arms and legs without stretching out of one’s range of motion. In this case, the stretch is produced by both active muscular contractions and momentum (Reilly, 2007). During dynamic stretching, one uses certain movements depending on their sport in preparation for body movement. This type of stretching tends to be confused with ballistic stretching. This is because if one stretches beyond their static ability, it is no longer dynamic stretching but rather ballistic stretching. This routine of dynamic stretching should begin from low intensity and gradually progress to movements of higher intensity (White, 2008). This is mainly because dynamic stretching calls for both coordination and balance. This form of preparticipation routine serves as an aerobic...
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...over stretching a realization came to me: Contemplating the pros and cons of stretching is like statistics. It would almost seem that the results depend on who conducted the experiment, who the subjects were, what area of the body they were focusing on, and what is the field of interest of the studies overseers. The big question is whether (or not) stretching prevents injury? Factors that I believe are important to consider are: the type of stretching, effects on ligaments and tendons versus muscles, each individual’s physiology, what muscle being stretched, when the stretching occurs (before, during, or after physical activity), what the physical activity is in relation to the stretching, and whether or not you already stretch as part of your warm-up routine. To stretch, or not to stretch, that is the question. Wait, maybe it should be stretching, why and what for? A break down and review of the different types of stretches: Static Stretching – this is a stretch that is held in a position intended to be somewhat challenging while remaining comfortable, typically between 10 – 30 seconds....
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...Due to unrelieved muscle spasm, the symptoms become prolong and recovery is delayed.4 Neck pain which is associated with loss of cervical lordosis, is sometimes ascribed to muscle spasm. There was the study conducted in England in which the prevalence of straight cervical spines in chronic cases was reported about 26%.8 Côté et al 22, 23 in evaluating neck spasm cervical pains and its related disability, reported that in the Canadian population, the estimated lifetime prevalence of 67%, point prevalence of 22.2% and 14% prevalence of high pain intensity with disability. Neck related headache and chronic pain has strong association with poor posture.26 Those spasms which are caused by poor posture, for...
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...Cameron Shaughnessy Michael Chojnowski English 102 5 December 2012 Pole Vault Risks of Going High Most people look at pole-vaulting as a crazy and extreme event in track and field. The men and women that do this event can be quite crazy. They are people who aren’t scared to take the risk of going as high as twenty feet in the air. Pole vaults are almost a different breed of athlete. They have a mindset that they are going to run as fast and jump as high as they can and not care what happens after. There are many ways that a pole-vaulter can get hurt from head injures to pulled muscles. Fortunately, nearly everyone that pole vaults remains safe and uninjured, but there are a few cases a year where people get hurt or in extreme cases killed. This isn’t due to the fact that the event isn’t safe but just that with every other sport, there is a chance something can go wrong and you can get injured. But that is the fact that athletes in every sport have to deal with and have accepted. Pole-vaulting is a very technical and hard event to learn. The athlete has to be fast strong and have great stamina because of the amount of jumps taken and how taxing each jump is on the body. The main object of vaulting is to get over the cross bar and move to the next height. Most of this has to do with the amount of force you apply to the pole at impact. This is called momentum. “Momentum is a quantity used to measure the motion of the body” (Weir par 13). This is essential to having a...
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...Through a kinematic analysis one study found that the rider during hippotherapy having a biphasic movement pattern that is present in healthy individuals during walking gait was mimicked by CP children who had altered gait while participating in this therapy. (5) The pelvic movements repetition in addition effect of multiple body systems at the same time will help to increase carryover of functional activities due to restructuring of the CNS. Tone and Spasticity: With hippotherapy the rhythmical movements and warmth of the horse will reduce spasticity and tone for hypertonic patients .(6) After only 8 min of hippotherapy some studies found that CP patient had significant improvement in symmetry muscle activity .(7) 3 Other Benefits: Hippotherapy helps in increase the vocalization volume , quality , and quantity for CP patients to increase coordination of breathing , swallowing, and sound production and to encourage the client to move, explore and touch . Sample...
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...Muscle stiffness is thought to be directly related to muscle injury and therefore the warm up should be aimed at reducing muscle stiffness. Dynamic stretches and calisthenics are more appropriate to the warm up as they help reduce muscle stiffness. Static exercises do not reduce muscle stiffness. The quick jog allows all the muscles that will be used in running, to become active. This allows them to prepare for exercise by increasing the blood flow to these muscles; this will allow the athlete to exercise, without the risk of injury. The static stretches allow the athlete to slowly build up the intensity of the activities, by doing static stretches before calisthenics; this guarantees the muscles to be completely warm before strenuous full body movements. Each stretch allows major muscles that are being used in running, to be warm and have a steady flow of oxygenated blood to the working muscles. Stretching all these muscles also reduces the likelihood of getting a cramp while running. The calisthenics allow the already warmed up body to experience full body movements without the possibility of...
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...Spray Models Abstract This paper reviews and critiques the published work of Liu et al, “On modeling the effect of drop drag and breakup on Fuel Sprays”. A dynamic drop drag model (DDM) has been coupled to the (TAB) and (KH) spray models. The interaction the (DDM) with these models provides insight into the phenomenon of drop drag and the atomization process. Due to the interaction of the parent drop during interaction with the spray, it is shown that the KH model must be adjusted to account for drag. The (TAB) model, however, remains unaffected by drag given the formulation of its breakup mechanism. The (DDM) also shows that the standard drag model underestimates drop size. And lastly, a critique of the ineffectualness of drop drag on penetration is presented. Introduction Recent studies estimate that twenty-five percent of the world’s energy comes from fuel spray combustion [4]. Given the impact of sprays on the energy industry, spray optimization is crucial to supply the growing demand for energy. Spray and atomization science developed from the ideas prominent scientist like Rayleigh, Kelvin and Helmholtz who were studying liquid jet break-up mechanisms. All modern models incorporate their work in some way. The field is a conglomerate of studies and insights built on break-up mechanisms, drop dynamics, and spray characteristics but a unified theory of atomization still escapes scientist and research engineers. An often neglected phenomenon is drag. Drag is often...
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... may be rep roduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, p hotocop ying, recording, or otherwise—without written p ermission of the p ublisher. For information contact Blue Snake Books c/o North Atlantic Books. Published by Blue Snake Books, an imp rint of North Atlantic Books P.O. Box 12 32 7 Berkeley, California 94712 Cover p hoto by Nop p hadol Viwatkamolwat Cover design by Brad Greene Photo credits: Author’s archives: this p age, this p age. Erwin Werzel: this p age. All other p hotos by Nop p hadol Viwatkamolwat. Muay Thai Training Exe rcise s: The Ultimate Guide to Fitne ss, Stre ng th, and Fig ht Pre paration is sp onsored by the Society for the Study of Native Arts and Sciences, a nonp rofit educational corp oration whose goals are to develop an educational and cross-cultural p ersp ective linking various scientific, social, and artistic fields; to nurture a holistic view of arts, sciences, humanities, and healing; and to p ublish and distribute literature on the relationship of mind, body, and nature. North Atlantic Books’ p ublications are available through most bookstores. For further information, call 8 00-733-3000 or visit our websites at www.northatlanticbooks.com and www.bluesnakebooks.com. PLEASE NOTE: The creators and p ublishers of this book disclaim any liabilities for loss in connection with following any of the p ractices, exercises, and advice contained...
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...types,[7] depending on the overall effect they have on the human body: Flexibility exercises, such as stretching, improve the range of motion of muscles and joints.[8] Aerobic exercises, such as cycling, swimming, walking, skipping rope, rowing, running, hiking or playing tennis, focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance.[9] Anaerobic exercises, such as weight training, functional training, eccentric training or sprinting and high-intensity interval training, increase short-term muscle strength.[10] Categories of physical exercise Strength training Agility training Eccentric training Resistance training Interval training Continuous training Sometimes the terms 'dynamic' and 'static' are used. 'Dynamic' exercises such as steady running, tend to produce a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure during exercise, due to the improved blood flow. Conversely, static exercise (such as weight-lifting) can cause the systolic pressure to rise significantly (during the exercise). Categories Physical exercise is used to improve physical skills. Physical skills fall into the following general categories: Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, Stamina, Strength, Flexibility, Power, Speed, Coordination, Agility, Balance, and Accuracy.[11] Metabolic equivalent of task The Compendium of Physical Activities was developed for use in epidemiologic studies to standardize the assignment of metabolic equivalent of task (MET) intensities in physical activity questionnaires...
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...rest days can help maintain a better balance between home, work and fitness goals. The main objective of my project of this term is to build up a recovery program for athletes. That is what I am gonna try to study into the basics. Sport is not only about performance, there is a lot of other factors that influence the performance, from the psychological aspect to the physiological condition. The recovery phase and rest is one of the main subject that help to improve athlete s performance. Human is not a machine, we all need rest to restart our body again to reach the performance we want. Rest is not only behind higher performance, recovery periods prevent injuries that are caused by overtraining or a trauma. My project is about recovery program for a specific athlete, and how it can influence his performance. I try to build up a recovery program for him, that is suitable for his possibilities and capacities. I ve chosen Tiago Luz as my client. He is a basketball player, high level athlete though. He trains 4 / 5 times per week, in addition he has match almost every week. The goal of my recovery program for my client is to help to repair muscles and to rebuild them after workout. I will do with Tiago 4 weeks recovery program. First week we start with stretching where I will try to...
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...powerful tool that allows the study of a vast array of problems dealing with the motion of all the objects of our daily lives. Valid over an enormous range of distances, speeds, and masses, Newton’s laws only lose their predictive power in the microworld or when objects travel at extremely high speeds, much higher than we are capable of propelling ordinary objects (except in particle accelerators). In this chapter we continue our study of one-dimensional motion in three “case studies” of interesting example applications. The goal here is to see the power of Newton’s laws as well as to learn some interesting ideas about various types of motion along a single direction. We gain some valuable insights and tools so that when we generalize to study the motion of objects in the real three-dimensional world we are well prepared for that undertaking. The case studies in this chapter include motion when the net force is constant (we study the local gravitational force near the Earth), one-dimensional motion of an object in a fluid (where we show that there are frictional forces that vary with time), and the oscillatory motion of an object attached to a spring. After learning something about springs, we next consider the deformation of an elastic solid and the phenomenon of viscoelasticity. This is a topic of special interest in the study of structural biomolecules such as bone and blood vessels. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the structure and dynamics of macromolecules, specifically...
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...U.S. ARMY SERGEANTS MAJOR ACADEMY (FSC) P661 1 June 06 MONITOR UNIT AND INDIVIDUAL FITNESS TRAINING PROGRAMS PRERESIDENT TRAINING SUPPORT PACKAGE THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY PRERESIDENT TRAINING SUPPORT PACKAGE (TSP) TSP Number / Title Effective Date Supersedes TSP(s) / Lesson(s) TSP Users Proponent Improvement Comments P661 / MONITOR UNIT AND INDIVIDUAL FITNESS TRAINING PROGRAMS 01 Jun 2006 P661, Monitor unit and individual fitness training programs, Jun 05 521-SQIM (DL), First Sergeant Course The proponent for this document is the Sergeants Major Academy. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028, Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms. Completed forms, or equivalent response, will be mailed or attached to electronic e-mail and transmitted to: COMDT USASMA ATTN ATSS DCF BLDG 11291 BIGGS FIELD FORT BLISS TX 79918-8002 Telephone (Comm) (915) 568-8875 Telephone (DSN) 978-8875 E-mail: atss-dcd@bliss.army.mil Security Clearance / Access Foreign Disclosure Restrictions Unclassified FD5. This product/publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the USASMA foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from all requesting foreign countries without restrictions. 1 PREFACE Purpose This Training Support Package provides the student with a standardized lesson plan for presenting instruction for: Task Number Task Title 071-990-0007...
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...J Polym Res (2012) 19:16 DOI 10.1007/s10965-012-0016-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Influence of matrices chemical nature on the dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of rubber composites comprising conductive carbon black Omar A. Al-Hartomy & Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi & Falleh Al-Solamy & Nikolay Dishovsky & Mihail Mihaylov & Milcho Ivanov & Farid El-Tantawy Received: 14 February 2012 / Accepted: 22 October 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract The study presents the effect that elastomeric matrices different in their chemical nature (a non-polar and crystallizing natural rubber and a polar and non-crystallizing acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) have upon the dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites comprising different amounts of conductive carbon black. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) are the techniques used for studying the structure-properties relationships of the composites. The experimental results show that the matrices studied and their specific properties have a great impact O. A. Al-Hartomy : A. A. Al-Ghamdi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia O. A. Al-Hartomy Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia F. Al-Solamy Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia F. Al-Solamy Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz...
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...Review Article Knee Surg Relat Res 2012;24(4):193-200 http://dx.doi.org/10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.4.193 pISSN 2234-0726 · eISSN 2234-2451 Knee Surgery & Related Research Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Young-Mo Kim, MD, PhD and Yong-Bum Joo, MD, PhD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institue for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Patellofemoral arthritis is a fairly common disease, and it has been gaining interest with increasing number of studies due to its diverse treatment methods. Patellofemoral arthritis has a broad range of management options according to the characteristics of individual diseases. Identifying whether patellofemoral arthritis is the primary cause of knee pain and is compartment arthritis is necessary for establishing an adequate treatment method. rough investigation of the literature, the issues of recent knowledge of femoropatella arthritis and the diagnosis and treatment of which were studied. Key words: Patellofemoral arthritis, Diagnosis, Treatment. Introduction Unicompartmental arthritis of the knee generally refers to not only tibiofemoral arthritis but also to disorders of the patella and the cartilage. In particular, isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a relatively common disorder for which there has been increasing research regarding its treatment methods. Patellofemoral arthritis occurs due to the loss of the cartilage of the patella and the trochlear groove in approximately half...
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