...References Agresti, Alan (1996).Introduction to categorical data analysis. NY: John Wiley and Sons. Ahmed, N. (1976); Development Agriculture of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh Books of International Ltd. BANBEIS (1998); Bangladesh Education Statistics (At a glance), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. BBS, 2003: Report of the household expenditure survey 2000, Statistical Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka. BBS (2002); Statistical Year book of Bangladesh, 2001, Dhaka. Bunce, L. and R. Pomeroy. 2003. Socioeconomic Monitoring Guidelines for Coastal Managers in the Caribbean: SocMon Caribbean. GCRMN. Bunce, L., P. Townsley, R. Pomeroy, and R. Caribbean. GCRMN. Bunce, L., P. Townsley, R. Pomeroy, and R. Pollnac. 2000. Chandra KJ. Fish parasitological studies in Bangladesh: A Review. J Agric Rural Dev. 2006; 4: 9-18. Cochran, W.G. (1977); Sampling Techniques, 3rded. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern. Davis, James A. (1971). Elementary survey analysis. Des Raj (1971); Sampling Theory. Fox, J. 1984: Linear Statistical Models and Ravallion, M. and B. Sen 1996: When Method Matters: Monitoring Poverty in Bangladesh, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 44: 761-792 Gujarati, Damodar.N; Basic Econometrics. 4TH edition; Mcgraw-Hill. Gupta, S.C., Kapoor; Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics. New Delhi. Heyman, W. and R. Graham (eds.). 2000. The voice of the fishermen of Southern Belize, Toledo Institute for Development...
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...1. The null hypothesis a. Is a statement about the value of the population parameter. b. Will always contain the equal sign. c. Cannot include values less than 0. d. Both a and b are correct 2. The alternate hypothesis a. Is accepted if the null hypothesis is rejected b. Will always contain the equal sign c. Tells the value of the sample mean d. None of the above 3. The level of significance a. Is frequently .05 or .01 b. Can be any value between 0 and 1 c. Is the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true d. All of the above 4. A tType I error is a. The correct decision. b. A value determined from the test statistic. c. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. d. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false. 5. The critical value is a. Is cCalculated from sample information. b. Cannot be negative. c. Is tThe point that divides the acceptance region from the rejection region. d. Is aA value determined from the test statistic. 6. In a one-tailed test a. The rejection region is in only one of the tails. b. The rejection region is split between the tails. c. The p-value is always less than the significance level. d. The p-value is always more than the significance level. 7. To conduct a one sample test of means and use the z distribution as the test statistic a. We need to know...
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...market by gaining greater market shares by strategically introducing a new cold beverage product. In this case my line of questioning would be what popular drinks are being marketed successfully currently? Is the health-concious drinks and foods at the top of the food chain currently? Is there a more convenient consumption of cold beverages we can capitalize on such as a no-sugar-added fruit juice in a carton that is individual in size? How will the product be marketed? What regions are the cold beverages selling best? What surveys indicate who is buying the drinks by gender, age, time of year, etc. These are all questions that would be important to my report to identify a relationship between variables, probably single linear analysis would provide this information best with dependent and...
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...Part 1: Summary statistics were computed using MS-excel: Summary Statistics: Full-Time Enrollment | | | | Mean | 165.16 | Standard Error | 28.1682256 | Median | 126 | Mode | 30 | Standard Deviation | 140.841128 | Sample Variance | 19836.22333 | Kurtosis | -0.751273971 | Skewness | 0.756612995 | Range | 451 | Minimum | 12 | Maximum | 463 | Sum | 4129 | Count | 25 | Insights: 1. Average full time enrollment is 165 students and median enrollment is 126 students. 2. It appears that the distribution of full-time enrollments is positively skewed where median appears to be a better measure of central tendency. 3. Maximum enrollment is 436 students and minimum enrollments are 12 enrollments. Standard deviation is 140 students. So the data appears to have large spread around the mean. Students per Faculty | | | | Mean | 8.48 | Standard Error | 1.011797081 | Median | 7 | Mode | 5 | Standard Deviation | 5.058985406 | Sample Variance | 25.59333333 | Kurtosis | -0.705506483 | Skewness | 0.762103551 | Range | 17 | Minimum | 2 | Maximum | 19 | Sum | 212 | Count | 25 | Insights: 1. There are on average 8.5 students per faculty member, where the maximum number of students per faculty is 19 and minimum number of students per faculty is 2. 2. Most schools have 5 students per faculty member since mode is 5. Local Tuition ($) | | | | Mean | 12374.92 | Standard Error | 1555.684696 | Median...
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...Statistical Analysis Process: Generally, all of the business courses that you take are focused on answering a single question - “What can managers do to improve the performance of their organizations?” It is not sufficient to theorize that a particular business strategy will lead to improved performance. You must test the theory. The statistical analysis process is a standardized methodology for testing theories. Generally, you identify a strategy that you believe may work, you ask experts what they think about the strategy, you analyze the data collected from the experts, you interpret the results from the analysis, and you draw conclusions about how well the strategy works based on the interpretations. All remaining assignments require that you follow this process. 1. State the research question. This is general question related to our area of concern. For example: “What can managers do to improve the performance of their organizations?” That’s probably stated a little too generally. More specific examples include: “Will implementation of a market orientation strategy improve my organization’s performance?” and “Will implementation of JIT and TQM improvement programs combine to improve my organization’s performance?” 2. State the hypotheses. Hypotheses are formulated from the research question. They must be stated in a form that is statistically testable. For example, “Market orientation is positively associated with operational performance...
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...Tom’s Classic Mustangs Statistical Analysis of Sales Leadership and Organizational Behavior Introduction We have been asked to analyze nine different variables to determine what if any, relationship they may have against the selling price of used Ford Mustangs at Tom’s Classic Mustangs. We have been provided data for the last 25 Mustangs sold by Tom’s. Please see Appendix A for the raw data. We will be taking the data for each variable, determine a hypothesis between the variable and the selling price, then test to prove or disprove the hypothesis. A conclusion will be drawn from the test. Finally, after all the variables have been tested against the selling price, we will develop a multiple regression model of the selling price on the variable in the data set to determine which are significant and how the significant variables affect the price. Please note the following: • All analysis is based on the given data set. • All hypotheses are based on a confidence level of 95%. • Each variable group is tested against the same selling price data. Part I Variable 1 Convertible against selling price Null hypothesis: There is no relationship between convertible and selling price. Alternate hypothesis: There is a relationship between convertible and selling price. |Regression Analysis | | | | | | | ...
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...Final Project: Statistics II Descriptive analysis of statistical data INTRODUCTION There have always been crimes, from a treachery to an assassination. Happens in every country you can think of, and every government has to deal with it. It is really stressful to try to understand the nature of the crimes: why are they done and where could they happen next. Out of this preoccupation is that we found studies gathering data from communities; we focused on one specific crime: murders. In several communities, it is thought that the murder rate is somehow related to several factors. For instance, it is common to hear that the murder rate depends on poverty and unemployment. Starting from this hypothesis, the database found to make this analysis relates the number of murders per year per 1,000,000 inhabitants with the number of inhabitants, the percentage of families’ incomes below $5000, and the percentage unemployed. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY Trying to estimate how many murders will happen in a year in a specific place is difficult, but not impossible. This is why we are using the dataset found with the variables mentioned above, with which we’ll be able to find a formula. So, after this project, if we want to know how many murders will be on a city, for example Monterrey, we’d just plug in the data from that city (the inhabitants, the percentage of families income below $5000, and the percentage unemployed) and we’ll get a number, which would be the predicted number of murders...
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...Statistical Analysis in the Car Market Course Title: Applied Managerial Statistics Course Number: GM 533 Instructor Name: Susan Orr Student Name: Braulio E. Assis (713-382-8789) Home Address: 3833 Cummins St Apt.1328, Houston, TX 77027 Email Address: edmur_assis2005@hotmail.com Title of the Work: “Statistical Analysis in the Car Market” Date: Aug 19, 2011 Introduction Business managers and owners in the car industry need information on which they could anchor their decision to maximize the company’s profit as well as to ensure efficiency and productivity of the operations of their business. One of these factors is the price, which is one the key determinants of demand and supply. Further, it is essential for them to know the various factors that affect the price of cars and how each of those factors influence the price. This report presents the result of the statistical analysis done in order to identify the factors that significantly affect the price of cars. The asking price is in terms of dollars. The predictor variables considered are the following: whether the car is convertible or not (CONVERT), the age of cars in years (AGE), the odometer reading in miles (MILES), whether the car is automatic or not (TRANS), whether the car has air conditioner or not (AIR), the number of cylinder in engine (CYL), the color (maroon, silver, grey, red, blue, black or white), (8) the model of the car, whether it is a GT model or not, and (9) the ownership which is either...
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...A statistical analysis of consumer confidence and unemployment numbers An analysis in R Clemens Timmermans (s0867144) 5/1/2009 INTRODUCTION Statistics matters. CBS.nl presents Dutch facts every month and to make sense of this data statistical analysis is a must. Without this kind of analysis these numbers are just numbers without meaning. For this paper the input came from CBS.nl as well, and here I will outline what the predictive capability of the consumer confidence indicator is for unemployment rates in the Netherlands. There could be a possible causal relationship between customer confidence and unemployment numbers because the consumer confidence indicator is assumed to be an indicator of their buying behavior and therefore may influence employment numbers, because products may or may not have to be produced if customers start or stop buying them. In this paper we will explore the data and see if there is such a causal relationship. Of course, a misinterpretation of numbers due to statistics is a problem that is lurking, and should be taken seriously. Therefore constructing conclusions in a valid way is important and by showing my full line of thought this is how I try to avoid, or at least expose, interpretation errors. The reason that this type of research has value for business is that the knowledge obtained in this paper may be an input into decision making about hiring new employees for instance. Furthermore, it is important to know how long it takes in general...
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...INTRODUCTION Unprecedented globalizations have witnessed double digit economic growth resulting in fierce competition and accelerated pace of innovation. As a result inflow of Foreign Direct investments has become a striking measure of economic development in both developed and developing countries. FDI and FII thus have become instruments of international economic integration and stimulation. Fast growing economies like Singapore, China, Korea etc have registered incredible growth at onset of FDI. Though US captures most of the FDI inflows, developing countries still account for significant growth of FDI and rise in FII. FDI not only gives access to foreign capital but also provides domestic counties with cutting edge technology, desired skill sets, tools of innovation and other complementary skills. Apart from helping in creating additional economic activity and generating employment, foreign investment also facilitates flow of sophisticated technology into the country and helps the industry to march into advanced technology. A favorable business environment fostered Indian economy after 1991, when the government of India opened the door for foreign capital in the way of direct investment and through foreign institutional investors. The policies drafted to stimulate the flow of foreign capital in to India provided much needed impetus for India to emerge as an attractive destination for foreign investors. Consequently, the international capital inflows have been...
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...Introduction The purpose of this report is to convey an analysis of the monthly returns for the following: Kraft Foods, Inc., Walt Disney, Co., and the S&P 500 index. This report will be conducted by first calculating and analyzing descriptive statistics, which include measures of central tendency and dispersion. The calculations for these statistics were conducted in an excel worksheet and reported in a summary fashion in this report. The analysis will also include the distribution and confidence intervals for each company, along with an analysis of those findings. A hypothesis test was conducted on all three data sets in order to establish that the mean values were credible. Finally, a regression analysis was done to see if there was a relationship between each company and the S&P 500 index. All of the tables that are referenced can be located in Appendix A and all of the figures that are referenced can be found in Appendix B. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that both companies had outliers that may have distorted some calculations. It was also concluded by issuing a hypothesis test that both companies and the index have sample means that adequately represent the population mean. It was found that the monthly returns of both Walt Disney and Kraft Foods had a positive, or direct, relationship with the monthly returns of the S & P 500 index. The first section of this report will contain a description of the data, which includes measures of central tendency...
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...The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), and created common and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders in both adults and children (Juvenile). It is used by researchers, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, and clinicians as a manual or guide for mental disorders. It is used widely across the world for diagnosis and treatment recommendations for these conditions. The manual mainly focuses on describing symptoms and in combination with use of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) and the World Health Organization (WHO), helps clinicians properly diagnose and treat psychiatric...
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...Statistical Information Paper HCS 438 July 17, 2011 Monica Vargas Statistical Information Paper Statistics are used in many different ways in my workplace. The use of statistics is for the improvement of quality care and safety. Statistics are also used to measure employee compliance in regards to hand washing and proper use of policies and procedures. We also use charts and graphs to show infection rates, skin integrity, falls within the facility, budget concerns, and many more. These graphs help hospital personal improve care and safety to provide quality care to all patients. Graphs can also be used to measure patient and employee satisfaction. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study and do not involve generalizing the data that has been collected. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data (Trochim, 2006). An example of descriptive statistics used at my workplace can be the number of patients that are admitted into the hospital on a Monday versus a patient admitted on any other day of the week. This information can also be broken down into more descriptive categories such as how many patient were men, women , children, what is their diagnosis, why were they admitted, and so on and so forth. We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference...
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...As a full service restaurant, where the main goal of the business is to satisfy its customers by making sure the goods produce is of good quality. In order to run an effective bus the need for employee’s productivity efficiency is required to its fullest to meet the daily operation of the restaurant. Through observation, there is a high employee turnover with in the business. An attempt to study current employees’ perception regarding to their employment experiences. According to the research result, the study could highlight some findings. Payments and benefits were considered as the most important category attributing to employees job dissatisfaction which caused the high turnover. Although many costs associated with these suggestions may seem prohibitive, as well they may be, the business must evaluate the costs of current turnover, analyze the reasons for the individual organization, and develop strategies that in the long term are less costly than continued turnover. Some of these suggestions may not be so costly in comparison. Try being fair and consistent in establishing compensation, give workers what the deserve and even more if earn it. If in any way workers show productivity and making a difference within the business promote from within. Attempt to avoid bringing new people on board at a higher rate than current employees. Policies to prevent discussion of wages simply do not work. Furthermore, such policies are in complete opposition...
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...Basic statistical analysis is descriptive analysis, descriptive statistics summarizes responses for large numbers of respondents in a few simple statistics. When a sample is gathered, the sample descriptive statistics are used to make inferences about characteristics of the entire population of interests. Descriptive analysis is describing data in a way that explains the basic characteristics such as tendency, distribution, and variables. Examples of this would be if a company wanted to find out what type of bonus employees prefer. Descriptive statistics are used to explain the basic properties of these variables. Mean, Median, and Modes are descriptive statistics that is used to explain the basic properties of variables. The mean would reflect the average answer that is given. The Median would provide the answer that is the central, or middle range answer. The mode would be the answer that was given the most often. Tabulation refers to the orderly arrangement of data in a table or other summary format. When the tabulation process is done by hand, the term tallying is used. Simple tabulation tells how frequently each response or bit of information occurs. Cross Tabulation is used for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple less than interval variables. One key factor in interpreting a cross tabulation table is comparing the observed table values with the hypothetical values that could result from pure chance. Percentage Cross Tabulation...
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