...Evaluating the Research Process HCS-465 July 16.2012 Evaluating the Research Process The following paper will address the research process using the article Knowledge and attitude about colon cancer screening among African Americans. The research process consists of nine parts that include; selecting a problem, formulating a hypothesis, reviewing the literature, listing the measures, describing the subjects, constructing a design, constructing and identifying measurement devices, analysis of the data, and generating conclusions (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). Upon evaluating the research process to the article, the paper will discuss how the literature review is used in the research, what the ethical considerations are for data collection, what the data describes in terms of statistical analyses, whether or not the findings are statistically significant, state if the conclusions match the results of the study and if the conclusion answer the research question in the definition of the problem, explain whether or not the conclusions are appropriate, and detail if there is enough information on the effectiveness of the study. Research process components in the article The first step in the research process is selecting a problem that involves deciding what the research will focus on. Selecting the problem requires research to ask questions and communicate with peers who may also have knowledge of the research topic (Neutens, Rubinson, 2010). The problem selected in the article...
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... | | |Research Methods in Criminal Justice | Copyright © 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description Students learn and demonstrate knowledge of research methodology within the criminal justice system and become acquainted with the range and scope of quantitative and qualitative tools available to the criminal justice researcher. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Bennett, J. O., Briggs, W. L., & Triola, M. F. (2009). Statistical reasoning for everyday life (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Addison Wesley. Hagan, F. E. (2010). Research methods in criminal justice and criminology (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Software Students must have the plug-ins...
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...recent research article in February 2010 focuses on data collections within developing countries such as Africa that is experiencing an high rate of necrotizing enter colitis. Through the uses of statistical data and analysis the article also provides information on the long-term prospect of the disease and whether or not it is lacking in developing countries. The article focuses on data which is collected by South Africa during the pre human immunodeficiency virus era. The focus of this paper is to provide information on the statistical procedure and the statistical significance of the study. Statistical Procedures The statistical procedures within this research article began with what is known as a cohort. A cohort is a group of subjects, which shares a particular experience during a specific time span. During this research article the focus is mainly within a specific cohort of premature infants born in South Africa between the years of 1992 and 1995. The study expresses the mean values and how the data ranges throughout the article. For example the mean within the article is known as the gestational age of the cohort, which is 32 weeks gestation. The range for gestational ages is from 22 weeks gestation to 40 weeks gestation. The t test is also a part of this research article, and it evaluates ongoing variables for statistical significance. The cohorts within this study consist of 128 subjects, which is not considered as small test group. The research article...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 3). During the late 19th century, psychology became an actual science because of the fascination of human behavior. Psychologists use observation to measure human behavior better to understand mental and biological processes, motives, and personality traits. Human behavior may be understood through applied and academic science (Psychology Majors, 2011). Based on this, research using the scientific method is necessary for statistical psychology. Early research and use of scientific method in psychology included the works of Edward Titchener. Titchener used structuralism to explore aspects of the mind. Research through this method focused on introspection, or individual conscious experience. Titchener used a table method similar to a chemistry periodic table to study human behavior. Titchener believed experimentation was the only scientific method to use for the study psychology (Northern Illinois University, 2003). A paradigm in psychology is a set of theoretical assertions that provide a model, abstract picture, or object of study (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 11). A paradigm is a set of shared metaphors that compare any object of study through investigation. Many modern psychologists use innovative approaches to study human behavior to support traditional methods of psychology through use of research using the scientific method...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper TerryAnn Powell-Joyner CJA 334 February 12, 2012 Stacey L. Callaway, Esq. What is research? Research has any different definitions, but basically research is the investigation and gathering of information, data, and facts to gain knowledge on a specific subject. Research takes diligence, and where the information is found plays a big part on the credibility of the research. The research process involves ways and strategies that enable researchers to analyze and understand the researched information. The research process involves a dedicated system of scientific methodology that can be used by researchers to arrive at the right conclusions. Some terminology learned in this week’s reading includes statistics, population, census, sample, subjects, variables, margin of error, and bias. Statistics has many uses, but perhaps its most important purpose is to help us make good decisions about issues that involve uncertainty. Speaking of statistics, some may ask what statistics are. The meaning of statistics in singular form is the science that helps bring meaning and understanding to the collection, organization, and interpreting of data. When speaking of statistics in plural form it is the actual data that is used to describe the information. In the language of statistics, population refers to the statistical study of the entirety of the characteristic that the study is focused on. While population is usually seen as a group...
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...descriptive and inferential statistics. This paper will discuss the function of statistics, what descriptive and inferential statistics are, and the relationship between descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistics are used in almost every branch of study and is found behind the scenes in many of our normal daily activities. From economic to scientific studies, statistics are utilized in one way or another. Statistics are an essential part of understanding information and expanding knowledge base and is encompasses almost all aspects of enquiry ("7 Most Essential Functions Of Statistics", 2012). Statistics have many functions that we utilize;statisticsprovides for a better understanding of phenomenon of nature and helps in proper and statistical planning in all forms of study. Using statistics helps in collecting useful quantitative data and also aids in presenting difficult or confusing data in an understandable way. Statistics facilitate comparison amount different arrays of data and allows the information to be comprehended and used to facilitate a conclusion or solution. The use of statistics is also an important part of developing plausible hypothesis and allows for more valid inferences and more accurate forecasting of future issues or events. In other words, statistics are a part of everyday life in...
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...Harm is only relevant in medical and biological research Select one: True False Studies that look at what has happened is what type of research Select one: a. Descriptive b. Scientific c. Alternative d. Explanatory Secondary data should be avoided: Select one: a. Where its reliability is questionable b. As the project will not then be your own research c. At all times d. Unless its original use exactly mirrors the current research project Confidentiality is compromised in a focus group as the participants will see and speak to each other. Thus, there is no requirement to keep the information obtained confidential. Select one: True False At the end of a quantitative study, a researcher simply lists the data obtained from the questionnaire and calculates percentage for each type of response. To get more meaningful statistics the next step should be? Select one: a. Echelons to the left by right marker b. Format columns of fours by outlier (wrong) c. Cross-tabulations by classification variable d. Percentages by classification variable AMI [a major New Zealand insurance company] employs a team of "data miners" whose specialist job it is to hunt for new business opportunities within the firm's extensive customer and industry database. This is an example of what research paradigm? Select one: a. Deductive Logic b. Extrapolation Logic c. Experimental Logic d. Instrumental Logic e. Inductive Logic Which of the following is/are [a]...
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...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Part 2 Donna Johnson RES/351 March 10, 2016 Victor Ornelas Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Part 2 Introduction: Data collection is a very strong aspect in any type of research investigation. Direct observations cannot make up the study; data should be collected from individuals in forms of some type of sample. I have researched two businesses that I will explain three quantitative data collection instruments and sampling methods. One of the businesses will identify a descriptive statistical method and the other business will explain how to use inferential method. Each sampling approach will have their strength and weakness identified, specific situations of each instruments and designs will be explained, strength and weakness of each statistical approach, provide an example of how they can be used most effectively in a combined approach, and finally address the methods which are more appropriate for my own business and functional area. Strengths and Weakness of Sampling approach Tests can provide a variety of characteristics of individuals allowing common measures to be compared across populations, many tests can be held in a group that saves time and the response rate is higher, quantitative nature of the data creates ease. Tests also have strength in providing a wide range of tests being available and already prepared. Weakness of test can have a high costs depending on the items needed to conduct;...
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...Evaluating the research process Teenage pregnancy inflicts indirect costs related to lost education and jobs, as well as direct costs related to public assistance services used during and after pregnancy. A major concern is that the majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended. 79 percent of teens 18 to 19 years old and almost 87 percent of teens 15 to 17 years old reported their pregnancy as unintended in 2001. Policies and programs need to be put into place to help teens make well-informed choices about sexual activities. Because teens lack formal education and training they rely heavily on public assistance programs. Adams, Gavin, Ayadi, Santelli, & Raskind-Hood felt there was a need for a study on teen pregnancy and how they affect the cost of public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions...
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...Bianca Groen University of Twente, The Netherlands Journal: Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 13(2007) 1. What is/are the research question(s)? The research questions are as follows: * What motives do international companies in Southeast Asia have for buying from local suppliers and investing in supplier development? * What priorities do international companies have for local supplier development initiatives? * What practice do international companies use for developing local suppliers? * How do companies manage the risk of transaction-specific investments in local supplier development in Southeast Asia? 2. Main theoretical arguments or hypotheses: Arguments: a) Motives for Supplier Development * Cost advantages * Reduction of lead times * Government regulation * Reduction of supplier dependency b) Priorities for Supplier Development, c) Supplier Development practices * Supplier assessment and feedback * Knowledge transfer * Financial investments * Involvement in operations management d) Transaction-specific investment- of international companies in Southeast Asia. Hypothesis: There is no hypothesis. 3. For the empirical, illustrate the research study methodology: a. Year of study/data:...
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...manger know about research when the job entails managing people, products, events, environments, and the like? Answer: Research simply means a search for facts – answers to questions and solutions to problems. It is a purposive investigation. It is an organized inquiry. It seeks to find explanations to unexplained phenomenon to clarify the doubtful facts and to correct the misconceived facts. Research is the organized and systematic inquiry or investigation which provides information for solving a problem or finding answers to a complex issue. Research in business: Often, organization members want to know everything about their products, services, programs, etc. Your research plans depend on what information you need to collect in order to make major decisions about a product, service, program, etc. Research provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems. The more focused you are about your resources, products, events and environments what you want to gain by your research, the more effective and efficient you can be in your research, the shorter the time it will take you and ultimately the less it will cost you. Manager’s role in research programs of a company: Managing people is only a fraction of a manager's responsibility - they have to manage the operations of the department, and often have responsibilities towards the profitability of the organization. Knowledge of research can be very helpful...
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...colitis is more prevalent in developing countries such as Africa A recent research article in February 2010 focuses on data collections within developing countries such as Africa that is experiencing an high rate of necrotizing enter colitis. Through the uses of statistical data and analysis the article also provides information on the long-term prospect of the disease and whether or not it is lacking in developing countries. The article focuses on data this is collected by South Africa during the pre human immunodeficiency virus era. The focus of this paper is to provide information on the statistical procedure and the significance of the study. The statistical procedures within this research article began with what is known as a cohort. A cohort is a group of subjects which shares a particular experience during a specific time span. During this research article the focus is mainly within a specific cohort of premature infants that are born in South Africa between the years of 1992 and 1995. The study expresses the mean values and how the data ranges throughout the article. For example the mean within the article is known as the gestational age of the cohort, which is thirty two weeks gestation. The range for gestational ages is from twenty two weeks gestation to forty week gestation. The t test is also a part of this research article and it evaluates ongoing variables for statistical significance. The cohort within this study consist of 128 subjects which this...
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... • (252) 222-2222 • pirate10@students.ecu.edu Objective To obtain a summer internship at the Institute of Children’s Studies utilizing my formal education and practical skills in research, statistical analysis, and working with children Skills Profile Time ManagementEmpathetic ListenerChildcare | Detail-orientedOrganizational SkillsSPSS II | Excellent CommunicatorPresentation SkillsSYSTAT 8.0 | Education Bachelor of Arts in Sociology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC GPA 3.5/4.0, Dean’s List, Chancellor’s ListWorked up to 30 hours per week throughout college career to finance education | May 2011 | Relevant Coursework Methods of Research, Introduction to Quantitative Sociology, Advanced Techniques in Quantitative Sociology, Advanced Applied Research, Child Development, Family and Cultural Diversity Certification CPR, First Aid Relevant Experience Research • Assisted in a thesis experiment to research phenomenon of learned helplessness in rats, pigeons, and human subjects utilizing traditional and computerized Skinner boxes • Cared for animal subjects in compliance with appropriate protocols • Maintained laboratory facilities Statistical Analysis • Collaborated with a team of four to create and implement a survey for Methods of Research class project • Wrote 10 original questions to test student population’s knowledge of Motown Recording Artists • Implemented survey to 100 ECU undergraduate students with response rate...
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...CHAPTER 3 Research Method and Procedures This chapter presents the research method, population and sampling scheme, description of the respondents, research instrument, procedure ingathering data and statistical treatment of data. Research Method In this, the research utilized the descriptive method of research with the survey instrument and unstructured interviews as techniques in gathering data. This is the most appropriate method since according to Amante (2008); Calmorin (1996); Halpin (2004) and Best (2003), this method presents and provides systematic and factual information that is used to asses and evaluate conditions and variables being investigated. In this particular study, it attempt to asses the study skills and habits in the following aspects: Health Habits, Times Management, Attitude, Condition, Academic Stress, Goal Setting, Preparation and Follow-Up, Comprehension, Selecting Main Ideas, Use Resources, Exam Preparation, and Exam Writing. Population and Sampling Scheme The Respondents of the study were selected from Criminology students in the Evening Sessions. Table 1. Shows the Population and Sampling Scheme Table 1 Population and Sampling Scheme by Section Section | Total Enrollees | Number of Respondents | Percentage | 1-C1 | 38 | 18 | 47% | 1-C2 | 35 | 27 | 77% | 1-C3 | 38 | 27 | 71% | 1-C5 | 27 | 9 | 33% | Total | 138 | 81 | 58% | As shown in the table, there are 18 or 47 percent...
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...Critique of Selected Epidemiological Research Article Guidelines Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide learners the opportunity to utilize epidemiological and biostatistical principles to critique the following research article and critique the components of the research design to determine if the design supports the research question. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: (CO#4) Distinguish population-specific skills, understandings, and integrative abilities for genomic and primary healthcare screening of selected aggregate populations. (PO 11) (CO#5) Analyze community resources related to abnormal screening results in selected aggregate populations. (PO 2) (CO#6) Assess diverse populations within a community to ascertain health behaviors, interventions, and resources that affect health promotion and maintenance of selected aggregate populations. (PO 1) (CO#7) Detail graphs and numerical summaries as descriptive statistical aids in determining a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#8) Define probability concepts and standard probability distributions to formulate a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 4) (CO#11) Generate hypotheses, equate appropriate statistical tests, assess the validity of the tests, and use test results to decide on a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#12) Differentiate parametric...
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